RESEARCHES

OF THE

REV. E. SMITH AND REV. H. G. O. DWIGHT

IN

ARMENIA:

INCLUDING A JOURNEY

THROUGH ASIA MINOR, AND INTO EORGIA AND PERSIA,

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1833,

By CROCKER & BREWSTER,

In the Clerk's office of the District Court of Massachusetts.

**G£•F¥1$,&:Co. PRINTERS

CONTENTS.

LETTER XII.

FROM SHOOSHA TO DATEV....Dishonesty and falsehood of the Ar-

menians and moslems-Route proposed-Leave Shoosha-Kúlaah-

kishlák-Impressions respecting a republican government-Doctrines

respecting the Virgin-Degh-Armenian nobility-Character of the

Armenians for industry-Karahoonch-Passage of the river of Datev

-Arrival at the convent of Datev-Diocese of Süník-Family devo-

tions of the Armenians-Orders of the Armenian clergy-Moral

character and influence of convents-Their influence upon education

-Diocesan bishops-Their income-Their influence-Decline of mo-

nasticism,

9

LETTER XIII.

FROM DATEV TO NAKHCHEVAN....Village of Datev-Lor-Substi-

tute for ovens and fireplaces-An evening conversation-The Arme-

nian parish clergy-Their appointment-Qualifications-Habits and

character-Duties-Incomes-Former state of Lor-Low diet of the

common people-Condition of the Armenian females-Beautiful win-

ter scenery-Sisiyán-Hospitality of the mountaineers-Reception at

Shaghad-Observance of the Sabbath-Attendance on public worship

-Descent from the mountains-Selasíz-Commencement of Persian

manners-Arrival at Nakhcheván,

39

FROM NAKHCHEVAN TO ERIVAN AND ECHMIADZIN.... Description

of Nakhchevan-Former Dominican mission-Ex-bishop of Aderbai-

ján-Leave Nakhcheván-Jews of Armenia-Accommodations at

Khoik-A moslem family--Moslem devotions-Mount Ararat-Zi-

veh-düdengeh-Valley of the Aras-Dawaly-Magoo-Kürds--Khor-

viráb-Ardisher-Singular fasting-Reach Eriván-Inhospitable po-

lice regulation-Description of Eriván-Ride to Echmiadzin,

LETTER XV.

ECHMIADZIN.... St. Hripsime-Vagharshabád-Description of the

convent Our reception by the monks-The church-Ceremony of

the mass-Doctrine of the mass-Communion-Confession-Pilgrim-

ages-Accommodations of the vartabéda,

LETTER XVI.

ECHMIADZIN....Festival of the Catholicos-His sacrifice-Origin of his

title and see-His election-The present Catholicos-His duties and

sources of income-Ordination of bishops-The meirón-The novi-

rag-Power of the Catholicos-Interview with the vartabéds-Essen-

tial articles of faith-Conditions of salvation-Mode of baptism—

Confirmation-Extreme unction-Conversation upon our own religious

rites Commencement of the Armenian Sabbath-Ideas of Missions-

Library of the convent-Character of the secretary of the Catholi-

cos-Return to Nakhchevan,

LETTER XVII.

FROM NAKHCHEVAN TO TE BRIZ....Leave Nakhcheván-Cross the

Aras-Benighted in the open air-Pery-kend-Khoy-Delayed by

sickness-Conveyed in a takhtirewán to Tebriz- Kindness of English

friends-Description of Tebriz-Its trade-The prince royal, Abbas

Mirza-His government,

60

92

111

134

LETTER XVIII.

TEBRIZ....Number and political condition of the Armenians of Tebriz

-Their moral character-Their education-Festival of the Purifica-

tion-Bishop Israel-His preaching-Conversation with him-Ar-

CONTENTS.

menian way of salvation-Moslems of Aderbaijan not of the Persian

race-Persian civility, and falsehood-Slight prejudices against Eu-

ropean customs, with high ideas of ceremonial purity-Fondness for

religious discussion, with bigotry or skepticism,

LETTER XIX.

FROM TEBRIZ TO SALMAS....Route proposed-Leave Tebriz-Saha-

lán-Condition of the peasantry-Deezeh-khaleel-Inhospitality-A

Sabbath in Ramadán-Shehwály-Lake of Oormiah-District of

Günieh-Salt plains-Dilmán-Van and Aghtamár-Khósrova, a

Chaldean village-Modern origin of the Chaldean sect-Chaldeans of

these parts-Their political condition-Their religious rites-State of

papal missions in Persia-Pretender to the throne of Georgia-Ex-

cursion to Old Salmás-The Jews of these parts-A Chaldean wed-

ding,

LETTER XX.

00RMIAH....Origin of Nestorianism-Its establishment in Persia-Or-

igin and extent of the patriarchate of Seleucia and Ctesiphon-Dif-

ferent residences of its patriarchs-Conversions of the Nestorians to

the papal church-Origin of the seceding patriarchate of Mar Shimón

in the Kurdish mountains-Our arrival at Jamálava, a Nestorian

village in the province of Oormiah-Nestorian fasts-Evening

prayers-Bishop Mar Yohanna--Language of the Nestorians-Ado-

ration of the saints-Prayers for the dead-State of the dead before

Christ-Independent Nestorians of Kürdistán-Diocese of Mar Shi-

món-Diocese of the bishop of Jamálava-Orders of the Nestorian

clergy-Their support-Ideas of the way of salvation--Sign of the

cross-Number of the Nestorian sacraments-Baptism-Sacred leav-

en-Eucharist-Mode of communion---Open communion---Marriage

-Consecration of churches----Armenian carnival,

LETTER XXI.

OORMIAH....Plain of Oormiah-Reception at Ada---Mar Yoosuf-

Nestorian fasts-Evening prayers-Number of the Nestorian sacra-

ments-Baptism-Forgiveness of sins-Eucharist-Nestorian clergy

-Education-Regard for papacy-Education of the clergy-Political

discontent-Town of Oormiah-Disregard to truth-Reception at

Ardishai-Dress of the Nestorian clergy-Mar Gabriel and his dio-

cese-Evening prayers-Eucharist-Baptism-The bishop's house

vii

151

175

201