their remonstrances were answered only by abuse and menace, and an attempt on the part of the | guard at the gate to arrest them. This occasioned a severe scuffle, in which several of Lord Byron's party were wounded, as was also the hussar. The consequence was, that all Lord Byron's servants (who were warmly attached to him, and had shown great ardour in his defence) were banished from Pisa; and with them the Counts Gamba, father and son. Lord Byron was himself advised to leave it; and as the countess accompanied her father, he soon after joined them at Leghorn, and passed six weeks at Monte Nero. His return to Pisa was occasioned by a new persecution of the Counts Gamba. An order was issued for them to leave the Tuscan states in four days; and after their embarkation for Genoa, the countess and Lord Byron openly lived together at the Lanfranchi Palace. It was at Pisa that Byron wrote « Werner,» a tragedy; the « Deformed Transformed,» and continued his « Don Juan» to the end of the sixteenth canto. and Guyana,-Lord Byron's yacht at anchor in the offing: on the other side an almost boundless extent of sandy wilderness, uncultivated and uninhabited, here and there interspersed in tufts with underwood, curved by the sea-breeze and stunted by the barren and dry nature of the soil in which it grew. At equal distances along the coast stood high square towers, for the double purpose of guarding the coast from smuggling, and enforcing the quarantine laws. This view was bounded by an immense extent of the Italian Alps, which are here particularly picturesque from their volcanic and manifold appearances, and which, being composed of white marble, give their summits the appearance of snow. As a foreground to this picture appeared as extraordinary a group: Lord Byron and Trelawney were seen standing over the burning pile, with some of the soldiers of the guard; and Leigh Hunt, whose feelings and nerves could not carry him through the scene of horror, lying back in the carriage,—the four post-horses ready to drop with the intensity of the noon-day sun. The stillness of all around was yet more felt by the shrill scream of a solitary curlew, which, perhaps attracted by the body, wheeled in such narrow circles round the pile, that it might have been struck with the hand, and was so fearless that it could not be driven away. Looking at the corpse, Lord Byron said:- Why, that old black silk handkerchief retains its form better than that human body!' Scarcely was the ceremony concluded, when Lord Byron, agitated by the spectacle he had witnessed, tried to dissipate in some degree the impression of it by his favourite recreation. He took off his clothes, therefore, and swam to the yacht, which was riding a few miles distant. The heat of the sun and checked perspiration threw him into a fever, which he felt coming on before he left the water, and which became more violent before he reached Pisa. On his return he immediately took a warm Byron attended the funeral of his poet-friend, | bath, and the next morning was perfectly recothe following description of which, by a person vered.» who was present, is not without interest: Lord Byron's acquaintance with Leigh Hunt, the late editor of the Examiner, originated in his grateful feeling for the manner in which Mr Hunt | stood forward in his justification, at a time when the current of public opinion ran strongly against him. This feeling induced him to invite Mr Hunt 1 to the Lanfranchi Palace, where a suite of apart ments were fitted up for him. On his arrival in the spring of 1822, a periodical publication was projected, under the title of «The Liberal,» of which Hunt was to be the editor, and to which Lord Byrou and Percy Shelley (who was on terms of great intimacy with his lordship) were to contribute. Three numbers of the « Liberal» were published in London, when, in consequence of the unhappy fate of Mr Shelley (who perished in the Mediterranean by the upsetting of a boat), and of other discouraging circumstances, it was discontinued. * 18th August, 1822.-On the occasion of Shelley's melancholy fate, I revisited Pisa, and on the day of my arrival learnt that Lord Byron was gone to the sea-shore, to assist in performing the last offices to his friend. We came to a spot marked by an old and withered trunk of a firtree, and near it, on the beach, stood a solitary but covered with reeds. The situation was well calculated for a poet's grave. A few weeks before I had ridden with him and Lord Byron to this very spot, which I afterwards visited more than once. In front was a magnificent extent of the blue and windless Mediterranean, with the isles of Elba The enmity between Byron and Southey, the poet-laureate, is as well known as that between Pope and Colley Cibber. Their politics were diametrically opposite, and the noble bard regarded the bard of royalty as a renegado from his early principles. It was not, however, so much on account of political principles that the enmity between Byron and Southey was kept up. The peer, in his satire, had handled the epics of the laureate too roughly, and this the latter deeply resented. Whilst travelling on the continent, Southey observed Shelley's name in the Album, at Mont Anvert, with « Asos» written after it, and an indignant comment in the same lan guage written under it; also the names of some of Byron's other friends. The laureate, it is said, copied the names and the comment, and, on his return to England, reported the whole circumstances, and hesitated not to conclude that Byron was of the same principles as his friends. In a poem he subsequently wrote, called the «Vision of Judgment, he stigmatized Lord Byron as the father of the « Satanic School of Poetry." His lordship, in a note appended to the Two Foscari, retorted in a severe manner, and even permitted himself to ridicule Southey's wife, the nan sister of Mrs Coleridge, they having been at one time « milliners of Bath." The laureate wrote an answer to this note in the Courier newspaper, which, when Byron saw it, enraged him so much that he consulted with his friends whether or not he ought to go to England to answer it personally. In cooler moments, however, he resolved to write the Vision of Judgment, a parody on Southey's, and it appeared in one of the numbers of the « Liberal,» on account of which Hunt, the publisher, was prosecuted by the Constitutional Association," and found guilty. 93. a Mr Murray, the bookseller, for the sum of two thousand guineas. The following statement by Mr Moore, will however show its fate. «< Without entering into the respective claims of Mr Murray and myself to the property in these memoirs (a question which now that they are destroyed can be but of little moment to any one), it is sufficient to say that, believing the manuscript still to be mine, I placed it at the disposal of Lord Byron's sister, Mrs Leigh, with the sole reservation of a protest against its total destruction; at least, without previous perusal and consultation among the parties. The majority of the persons present disagreed with this opinion, and it was the only point upon which there did exist any difference between us. The manuscript was accordingly torn and burnt before our eyes, and I immediately paid to Mr Murray, in the presence of the gentlemen assembled, two thousand guineas, with interest, etc., being the amount of what I owed him upon the security of my bond, and for which I now stand indebted to my publishers, Messrs Longman and Co. Since then, the family of Lord Byron have, in a manner highly honourable to themselves, proposed an arrangement, by which the sum thus paid to Mr Murray might be reimbursed me; but from feelings and considerations, which it is unnecessary here to explain, I have respectfully, but peremptorily, declined their offer." As is the case with many men in affluent circumstances, Byron was at times more than generous; and at other times, what might be called mean. He once borrowed 500l. in order to give it to the widow of one who had been his friend; he frequently dined on five pauls, and once gave his bills to a lady to be examined, because he thought he was cheated. He paid 1000l. for a yacht, which he sold again for 3ool., and refused to give the sailors their jackets. It ought, however, to be observed, that generosity was natural to him, and that his avarice, if it can be so termed, was a mere whim or caprice of the moment-a character he could not long sustain. He once borrowed 100l. to give to Coleridge, the poet, the brother-in-law of Southey, when in distress. In his quarrel with the laureate he was provoked to allude to this circumstance, which certainly he ought not to have done. The following is a pleasing instance of delicacy and benevolence. A young lady of considerable talents, but who had never been able to succeed in turning them to any profitable account, was reduced to great hardships through the misfortunes of her family. The only persons from whom she could have hoped for relief were abroad, and urged on, more by the sufferings of those she held dear than by her own, she summoned up resolution to wait on Lord Byron at his apartments in the Albany, and solicit his subscription to a volume of poems: she had no previous knowledge of him except from his works, but from the boldness and feeling expressed in them, she concluded that he must be a man of kiud heart and amiable disposition. She entered the apartment with faltering steps and a palpitating heart, but soon found courage to state her request, which she did in a simple and delicate manner: he heard it with marked attention and sympathy; and when she had done speaking, he, as if to divert her thoughts from a subject which could not but be painful to her, began to converse in words so fascinating and Loues so gentle, that she hardly perceived he had been writing, until he put a slip of paper into her band, saying it was his subscription, and that he most heartily wished her success. But,» added he, we are both young, and the world is very censorious, and so if I were to take any active part in procuring subscribers to your poems, I fear it would do you harm rather than good." The young lady, overpowered by the prudence and delicacy of his conduct, took her leave; and upon opening the paper in the street, which in her agitation she had not previously looked at, she found it was a draft upon his banker for fifty pounds! u a Byron was a great admirer of the Waverley novels, and never travelled without them. They are, said he to Captain Medwin one day, library in themselves,-a perfect literary treasure. I could read them once a year with new pleasure. During that morning he had been reading one of Sir Walter's novels, and delivered, according to Medwin, the following criticism. * How difficult it is to say any thing new! Who was that voluptuary of antiquity, who offered a reward for a new pleasure? Perhaps all nature and art could not supply a new idea. » | and I could not have trusted her with a son's education. I have no idea of boys being brought up by mothers. I suffered too much from that myself: and then, wandering about the world as I do, I could not take proper care of a child; otherwise I should not have left Allegra, poor little thing! at Ravenna. She has been a great resource to me, though I am not so fond of her as of Ada : and yet I mean to make their fortunes equal-there will be enough for them both. I have desired in my will that Allegra shall not marry an Englishman. The Irish and Scotch make better husbands than we do. You will think it was an odd fancy; but I was not in the best of humours with my countrymen at that moment-you know the reason. I am told that Ada is a little termagant; I hope not. I shall write to my sister to know if this is the case: perhaps I am wrong in letting Lady Byron have entirely her own way in her education. I hear that my name is not mentioned in her presence; that a green curtain is always kept over my portrait, as over something forbidden; and that she is not to know that she has a father till she comes of age. Of course she will be taught to hate me; she will be brought up to it. Lady Byron is conscious of all this, and is afraid that I shall some day carry off her daughter by stealth or force. I might claim her of the Chancellor, without having recourse to either one or the other; but I had rather be unhappy myself than make her mother so; probably I shall never see her again." Here he opened his writing-desk and showed me some hair, which he told me was his child's. In the autumn of 1822, Lord Byron quitted Pisa, and went to Genoa, where he remained throughout the winter. A letter written by his lordship, while at Genoa, is singularly honourable to him, and is the more entitled to notice, as it tends to diminish the credibility of an assertion made since his death, that he could bear no The anxious and paternal tenderness Lord By-rival in fame, and that he was animated with a ron felt for his daughter, is expressed with un-bitter jealousy and hatred of any person who equalled beauty and pathos in the first stanza of withdrew the public attention from himself. If the third canto of Childe Harold. What do there be a living being towards whom, according you think of Ada?» said he to Medwin, looking to that statement, Lord Byron could have enterearnestly at his daughter's miniature, that hung tained such a sentiment, it must have been the by the side of his writing-table. They tell me author of Waverley. » And yet, in a letter to she is like me--but she has her mother's eyes. It Monsieur Beyle, dated May 29, 1823, the followis very odd that my mother was an only child;-Iing are the just and liberal expressions used by am an only child; my wife is an only child; and * Ada is an only child. It is a singular coincidence; that is the least that can be said of it. I can't help thinking it was destined to be so; and perhaps it is best. I was once anxious for a son; but, after our separation, was glad to have had a daughter; for it would have distressed me too much to have taken hiin away from Lady Byron, Lord Byron. There is one part of your observations in the pamphlet which I shall venture to remark upon : — it regards Walter Scott. You say that 'his character is little worthy of enthusiasm,' at the same time that you mention his productions in the manner they deserve. I have known Walter Scott long and well, and in occasional situations d which call forth the real character, and I can assure you that his character is worthy of admiration; that, of all men, he is the most open, the most honourable, the most amiable. With his politics I have nothing to do: they differ from mine, which renders it difficult for me to speak of them. But he is perfectly sincere in them, | and sincerity may be humble, but she cannot be servile. I pray you, therefore, to correct or soften that passage. You may, perhaps, attribute this officiousness of mine to a false affectation of candour, as I happen to be a writer also. Attribute it to what motive you please, but believe the truth. 1 I say that Walter Scott is as nearly a thorough good man as man can be, because I know it by experience to be the case.» The motives which ultimately induced Lord Byron to leave Italy, and join the Greeks, struggling for emancipation, are sufficiently obvious. It was in Greece that his high poetical faculties had been first fully developed. It was necessarily the chosen and favourite spot of a man of powerful and original intellect, of quick and sensible feelings, of varied information, and who, above all, was satiated with common enjoyments, and disgusted with what appeared to him to be the formality aud sameness of daily life. Dwelling upon that country, as it is clear from all Lord Byron's writings he did, with the fondest solicitude, and being an ardent, though, perhaps, not a very systematic lover of freedom, he could be no unconcerned spectator of its revoJution as soon as it seemed to him that his presence might be useful, he prepared to visit once more the shores of Greece. Lord Byron embarked at Leghorn, and arrived in Cephalonia in the early part of August, 1823, attended by a suite of six or seven friends, in an English vessel (the Hercules, Captain Scott), which he had chartered for the express purpose of taking him to Greece. His lordship had never seen any of the volcanic mountains, and for this purpose the vessel deviated from its regular course, in order to pass the island of Stromboli, and lay off that place a whole night, in the hopes of witnessing the usual phenomena, but, for the first time within the memory of man, the volcano emitted no fire. The disappointed poet was obliged to proceed, in no good humour with the fabled forge of Vulcan. Greece, though with a fair prospect of ultimate triumph, was at that time in an unsettled state. The third campaign had commenced, with several instances of distinguished success-her arms were every where victorious, but her councils were distracted. Western Greece was in a critical situation, and although the heroic Marco Botzaris had not fallen in vain, yet the glorious enterprise in which he perished only checked, but did not prevent the advance of the Turks towards Anatolica and Missolonghi. This gallant chief, worthy of the best days of Greece, hailed with transport Lord Byron's arrival in that country; and his last act, before proceeding to the attack in which he fell, was to write a warm invitation to his lordship to come to Missolonghi. In his letter, which he addressed to a friend at Missolonghi, Botzaris alludes to almost the first proceeding of Lord Byron in Greece, which was the arming and provisioning of forty Suliotes, whom he sent to join in the defence of Missolonghi. After the battle Lord Byron transmitted bandages and medicines, of which he had brought a large store from Italy, and pecuniary succour to those who had been wounded. He had already made a generous offer to the government. in a letter, « I offered to advance a thousand dollars a month, for the succour of Missolonghi, and the Suliotes under Botzaris (since killed); but the government have answered me through He says, of this island, that they wish to confer with me previously, which is, in fact, saying they wish me to spend my money in some other direction. I will take care that it is for the public cause, otherwise I will not advance a para. The opposition say they want to cajole me, and the party in power say the others wish to seduce me; so between the two, I have a difficult part to play: however, I will have nothing to do with the factions, unless to reconcile them, if possible.» Lord Byron established himself for some time at the small village of Metaxata, in Cephalonia, and dispatched two friends, Mr Trelawney and Mr Hamilton Browne, with a letter to the Greek government, in order to collect intelligence as to the real state of things. His lordship's generosity was almost daily exercised in his new neighbourhood. He provided for many Italian families in distress, and even indulged the people of the country in paying for the religious ceremonies which they deemed essential to their success. While at Metaxata, an embankment, near which several persons had been engaged digging, fell in, and buried some of them alive: he was at dinner when he heard of the accident; starting up from table, he ran to the spot, accompanied by his physician. The labourers employed in extricating their companions, soon became alarmed for themselves, and refused to go on, saying, they believed they had dug out all the bodies which had been covered by the rubbish. Byron endeavoured to force them to continue their exertions, but finding menaces in vain, he seized a spade and began to dig most zealously; when the peasantry joined him, and they succeeded in saving two more persons from certain death. In the mean while, Lord Byron's friends pro- in such a way as to blast the brightest hopes you ceeded to Tripolitza, and found Colocotroni (the indulge, and that are indulged by your friends. enemy of Mavrocordato, who had been com- And allow me to add once for all, I desire the pelled to flee from the presidency) in great well-being of Greece, and nothing else; I will do power; his palace was filled with armed men, all I can to secure it; but I cannot consent-I like the castle of some ancient feudal chief, and never will consent, to the English public or a good idea of his character may be formed English individuals being deceived as to the real from the language he held. He declared that state of Greek affairs. The rest, gentlemen, dehe had told Mavrocordato that, unless he de- pends on you; you have fought gloriously: act sisted from his intrigues, he would put him on honourably towards your fellow-citizens and toan ass and whip him out of the Morea; and that wards the world, and then it will no more be he had only been withheld from doing so by the said, as has been repeated for two thousand years representation of his friends, who had said that with the Roman historian, that Philopomen was it would injure the cause. the last of the Grecians. Let not calumny itself (and it is difficult to guard against it in so difficult a struggle) compare the Turkish Pacha with the patriot Greek in peace, after you have exterminated him in war. » They next proceeded to Salamis, where the congress was sitting, and Mr Trelawney agreed to accompany Odysseus, a brave mountain chief, into Negropont. At this time the Greeks were preparing for many active enterprises. Marco The dissensions among the Greek chiefs eviBotzaris' brother, with his Suliotes, and Mavro-dently gave great pain to Lord Byron, whose cordato, were to take charge of Missolonghi, which, at that time (October, 1823), was in a very critical state, being blockaded both by land and sea. There have been,» says Mr Trelawney, thirty battles fought and won by the late Marco Potzaris, and his gallant tribe of Suliotes, who are shut up in Missolonghi. If it fall, Athens will be in danger, and thousands of throats cut. A few thousand dollars would provide ships to relieve it; a portion of this sum is raised-and I would coin my heart to save this key of Greece!» A report like this was sufficient to show the point where succour was most needed, and Lord Byron's determination to relieve Missolonghi was still more decidedly confirmed by a letter which he received from Mavrocordato. Mavrocordato was at this time endeavouring to collect a fleet for the relief of Missolonghi, and Lord Byron generously offered to advance four hundred thousand piastres (about 12,000l.) to pay for fitting it out. In a letter in which he announced this noble intention, he alluded to the dissensions in Greece, and stated, that if these continued, all hope of a loan in England, or of assistance from abroad, would be at an end. sensibility was keenly affected by the slightest circumstance which he considered likely to retard the deliverance of Greece. « For my part," he observes in another of his letters, « I will stick by the cause while a plank remains which can be honourably clung to; if I quit it, it will be by the Greeks' conduct, and not the Holy Allies, or the holier Mussulmans." In a letter to his banker at Cephalonia he says: « I hope things here will go well, some time or other; I will stick by the cause as long as a cause exists.»> His playful humour sometimes broke out amidst the deep anxiety he felt for the success of the Greeks. He ridiculed with great pleasantry some of the supplies which had been sent out from England by the Greek committee. In one of his letters, after alluding to his having advanced 4,000l., and expecting to be called on for 4,000l. more, he says: How can I refuse, if they (the Greeks) will fight, and especially if I should happen to be in their company? I therefore request and require that you should apprise my trusty and trust-worthy trustee and banker, and crown and sheet-anchor, Douglas Kinnaird the honourable, that he prepare all monies of mine, including the purchase-money of Rochdale manor, and mine income for the year A. D. 1824, to answer and anticipate any orders or drafts of mine, for the good cause, in good and lawful money of Great Britain, etc. etc. etc. May you live a thousand years! which is nine hundred and ninety-nine longer than the Spanish Cortes constitution."> I must frankly confess," he says in his letter, ⚫ that unless union and order are confirmed, all hopes of a loan will be in vain, and all the assistance which the Greeks could expect from abroad, an assistance which might be neither trifling nor worthless, will be suspended or destroyed; and, what is worse, the great powers of Europe, of whom no one was an enemy to Greece, but seemed inclined to favour her in When every thing was arranged two Ionian consenting to the establishment of an independent vessels were ordered, and, embarking his horses power, will be persuaded that the Greeks are un- and effects, Lord Byron sailed from Argostoli on able to govern themselves, and will, perhaps, the 29th of December. At Zante, his lordship themselves undertake to arrange your disorders took a considerable quantity of specie on board, |