lands of Scotland' (Edinburgh, 1850, 8vo) is an authoritative and sumptuous work. He collected his miscellaneous poems under the title Io Anche! Poems chiefly Lyrical' (Edinburgh, 1851, 8vo). Many of the pieces are inspired by an active fancy, and are correct and graceful in form; and one song, "The Scottish Widow's Lament,' charms by its unaffected pathos. [Information from Mr. John Smith, Peebles; Scotsman, 17 Jan. 1854; Rogers's Modern Scottish Minstrel; Hedderwick's Backward Glances; Veitch's Poets of the Scottish Border; Williamson's Glimpses of Peebles.] T. B. SMIRKE, SIR EDWARD (1795-1875), lawyer and antiquary, third son of Robert Smirke [q. v.], and brother of Sir Robert Smirke q.v.], and of Sydney Smirke [q. v.], was born at Marylebone in 1795. He was educated privately and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. (being twelfth wrangler) in 1816, and M.A. in 1820. In July 1815 he obtained the chancellor's gold medal for an English poem on 'Wallace,' which was printed in that year, and in' Cambridge Prize Poems' (1820, 1828, and 1859). Smirke was called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 12 Nov. 1824, went the western circuit, and attended the Hampshire sessions. In December 1844 he was appointed solicitor-general to the Prince of Wales, and on the following 5 Feb. solicitor-general to him as Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall. He succeeded to the post of attorney-general to the prince on 25 June 1852, and was ex officio member of his council. By letters patent under the great seal of England he was constituted on 2 July 1853 vice-warden of the stannaries of Cornwall and Devon, which post he held until 29 Sept. 1870. From 1846 to 1855 he was recorder of Southampton. On his retirement in 1870 from active life he was knighted at Windsor. As a student, Smirke had a predilection for the investigation and elucidation of charters, and for the history of mining in the duchy of Cornwall. He was a member of the Royal Archæological Institute from its foundation, and took an active part at its annual meetings. From November 1861 to November 1863, and from that date in 1865 to November 1867, he presided over the Royal Institution of Cornwall. During the first of these periods, when the Cambrian Archæological Society paid a visit to Truro, he presided over the congress (1862). He died at 18 Thurloe Square, South Kensington, on 4 March 1875. He married at Kensington, on 11 Sept. 1838, Harriet Amelia, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Neill of Turn ham Green. She died at Truro on 23 Feb. 1863. Apart from many papers read before the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Smirke was author of: 1. 'Wallace,' a poem, 1815. 2. 'Report of Cases, 1670-1704, by R. Freeman,' 2nd ed. 1826. 3. 'Digest of the Law of Evidence on the Trial of Actions at Nisi Prius, by Henry Roscoe,' 5th ed., with considerable additions by C. Crompton and E. Smirke, 1839; subsequent editions down to the tenth in 1861 were 'revised and enlarged' by him. 4. 'Case of Vice against Thomas, with an Appendix of Records and Documents on the early History of the Tin Mines in Cornwall,' 1843. 5. 'Procedure in the Court of the Vice-warden of the Stannaries,' 1856; other volumes of rules and orders were published by him in 1862, 1863, and 1870. 6. 'A Letter to Lord Campbell on the Rating of Railways,' 1851. 660; Archæol. Journ. xxxii. 326; Journ. R. I. C. [Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. ii. 658October 1874, pp. 175-6.] W. P. C. SMIRKE, ROBERT (1752-1845), painter, the son of a clever but eccentric travelling artist, was born at Wigton, near Carlisle, in 1752. He was brought to London by his father in 1766, and apprenticed to a coach-painter named Bromley. In 1772 he became a student of the Royal Academy, and in 1775 a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, with whom he began to exhibit by sending five works, his address then being 'At Mr. Bromley's, Little Queen's Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.' He exhibited again in 1777 and 1778, but in 1786 he sent to the Royal Academy Narcissus,' and 'The Lady and Sabrina' from Milton's 'Comus.' He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1791, in which year he exhibited The Widow,' and he became an academician in 1793, when he painted as his diploma work 'Don Quixote and Sancho.' In 1804 he was elected to succeed Joseph Wilton [q.v.] as keeper of the Royal Academy, but George III refused to confirm the appointment, possibly through fear of the influence on the students of the artist's freely expressed revolutionary opinions. His last contribution to the academy, entitled 'Infancy,' appeared in 1813, but he continued to exhibit occasionally elsewhere until 1834. His pictures were usually of small size and painted in monochrome, as being best adapted for engraving. He designed illustrations for the Bible, The Picturesque Beauties of Shakspeare' (1783), Johnson's 'Rasselas' (1805), 'Gil Blas' (1809), the Arabian Nights' (1811), 'Adventures of Hunchback' (1814), 'Don Quixote,' trans 6 lated by his daughter, Mary Smirke (1818), and the British poets, especially Thomson. His works are characterised by good drawing, refinement, and quiet humour. The Pedagogue,' which was engraved by Joseph Goodyear for the 'Amulet' of 1830, is an excellent example of his style. Of equal interest are 'The Rivals,' engraved by William Finden for the 'Keepsake' of 1828; The Secret,' engraved by James Mitchell for that of 1830; and 'The Love Letter,' engraved by Alfred W. Warren for the Gem' of 1830. Smirke painted also some pictures for Boydell's 'Shakespeare Gallery,' and for Bowyer's History of England.'" These works included Katharine and Petruchio,' 'Juliet and the Nurse,'' Prince Henry and Falstaff,' and 'The Seven Ages.' A large commemorative plate, with fifteen medallion portraits, of The Victory of the Nile' was engraved by John Landseer, A.R.A., from his design. In the Guildhall, London, is a picture by him representing Conjugal Affection, or Industry and Prudence,' and a series of scenes from 'Don Quixote' is on loan from the National Gallery to the museum of Stoke-upon-Trent. Two other small pictures are in the Sheepshanks collection, South Kensington Museum. Smirke was the author of a satirical Catalogue raisonnée of the Pictures now exhibiting at the British Institution' for the years 1815 and 1816. Smirke died at 3 Osnaburgh Terrace, Regent's Park, London, on 5 Jan. 1845, in his ninety-third year, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery. He had four sons: Richard (see below), Sir Edward [q. v.], Sir Robert [q. v.], and Sydney [q. v.]; the last two were architects. There is a portrait of Smirke in the 'British Gallery of Contemporary Portraits,' engraved by Charles Picart from a drawing by John Jackson, R.A., taken from an original picture by Mary Smirke, and now in the possession of the family. Sir William J. Newton painted several miniatures of him. RICHARD SMIRKE (1778-1815), antiquarian draughtsman, born in 1778, studied painting in the schools of the Royal Academy, where in 1799 he gained the gold medal with a picture of Samson and Delilah. But his tastes led him to the study of ancient works of art and historical costume, and he became an extremely skilful antiquarian draughtsWhen the wall paintings in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, were discovered in 1800, Smirke made a set of beautiful facsimile copies of them in watercolours, on a small scale, which are now in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries; he was afterwards employed by the society on simi man. lar work. He gave much time to the study of chemistry, and made some discoveries in the qualities of colour. He died at the Howard Arms Inn, Brampton, Cumberland, on 5 May 1815 (Gent. Mag. 1815, i. 477). of Artists; Redgraves' Century of Painters, i. [Gent. Mag. 1845, i. 317-19; Redgrave's Dict. 455; Sandby's Royal Academy, 1862, i. 299; Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, 18861889, ii. 506; Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1786-1813.] R. E. G. SMIRKE, SIR ROBERT (1781-1867), architect, second son of Robert Smirke [q. v.] and brother of Sir Edward Smirke [q. v.] and of Sydney Smirke [q. v.], was born in London on 1 Oct. 1781. He was educated at Apsley school, Bedfordshire. In 1796 he entered the schools of the Royal Academy, and was articled to Sir John Soane [q. v.], with whom he remained but a few months. In that year he received a medal from the Society of Arts, and in 1799 gained the academy gold medal with a design for a national gallery. From 1801 to 1805 he was abroad studying the architecture of Italy, Sicily, and Greece, and in 1806 he published a folio work, Specimens of Continental Architecture.' Smirke's earliest buildings, of which Lowther and Eastnor Castles are fine examples, were in the medieval style, which he also occasionally used later; but the great majority of his works, both public and private, were classical, massive in construction, heavy and sombre in treatment, the Doric or Ionic order being always employed. In 1807 Smirke was appointed architect to the board of trade, and erected the greater portion of the present mint on Tower Hill (1809-11). In 1809 he rebuilt Covent Garden Theatre at a cost of 150,000l. Smirke's theatre was burned on 5 March 1856. In 1817 he gained the first prize for the 'navy memorial' in the national monuments competitions. In 1823 he commenced his two finest and best known works, the General Post Office in St. Martin's-le-Grand and the British Museum, both of which are in the pure Ionic style; the façade of the latter building, which is the most imposing in the metropolis, was completed in 1847. From 1814 to 1828 Smirke was surveyor to the Inner Temple, where he erected the library and dining hall, and carried out extensive reconstructions. He was employed upon the restoration of York minster after the fire of 1829. His other important commissions include the east wing of Somerset House (1828-31), the London Custom-house (central portion), the College of Physicians in Trafalgar Square (1825), the Carlton Club, 1835 (afterwards rebuilt), the Union Club, United Service Club (now the Junior United Service), and many noblemen's mansions both in London and in the country. The Oxford and Cambridge Club (1856-7) was the joint work of himself and his brother Sydney. Smirke was elected A.R.A. in 1808 and R.A. in 1811, and was treasurer of the Academy from 1820 to 1850. In 1832, on the abolition of the board of works, of which he had been one of the three official architects since 1813, Smirke was knighted. In 1834 he was an unsuccessful competitor for the rebuilding of the Houses of Parliament. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, and an honorary fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the gold medal of which was awarded to him in 1853. He retired from practice in 1845, when Sir Robert Peel placed him on the commission for London improvements; at the same time he was presented by his old pupils and assistants, who included Charles Robert Cockerell [q. v.] and Lewis Vulliamy [q. v.], with his bust, modelled by Thomas Campbell (1790-1858) [q. v.] In 1859 he resigned his academy diploma and retired from his residence in Berners Street to Cheltenham, where he died on 18 April 1867. A portrait of Smirke, drawn by G. Dance in 1809, was engraved by W. Daniell. [Memoir by his brother, Sir Edward, read before the Royal Institute of British Architects on 17 June 1867; Diet. of Architecture; Builder, 1867; Art Journal, 1867; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Wheatley and Cunningham's London.] F. M. O'D. SMIRKE, SYDNEY (1798-1877), architect, fifth son of Robert Smirke [q. v.], and brother of Sir Robert Smirke [q. v.] and of Sir Edward Smirke [q. v.], was born in London in 1798. He became a pupil of his brother Robert, whom he largely assisted in his later works. In 1819 he gained the gold medal at the Royal Academy, and in 1820 visited Italy and Sicily. From 1828 to 1832 he was clerk of the works at St. James's Palace. Smirke's earliest commissions were private mansions, Oakley Park, Eye (for Sir E. Kerrison), Thornham Hall, Suffolk (for Lord Henniker), and Gunnersbury Park (for Baroness Rothschild). In 1834 he reconstructed the Pantheon in Oxford Street. He succeeded his brother Robert as surveyor of the Inner Temple, and in 1841 completed, with the assistance of Decimus Burton, the restoration of the Temple Church, of which he published an account. Between 1843 and 1845 he and George Basevi [q. v.] constructed the Conservative Clubhouse in St. James's Street. In 1847 he took up his brother's work at the British Museum [see SMIRKE, SIR ROBERT], which he completed in 1855, erecting the western side of the quadrangle, and designing the handsome iron railing; in 1854 he commenced the admirably constructed new reading-room which was opened to students in 1857 [see PANIZZI, Sir ANTHONY]. In 1847 Smirke altered and in 1857 completely rebuilt the Carlton Club, the design of which he adapted from Sansovino's Library of St. Mark's, Venice. This was the first introduction of polished granite columns into England. Smirke was architect to Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, to both of which he made extensive additions, surveyor-general to the Duchy of Lancaster, and architect to Woking cemetery. He restored the Savoy Chapel in 1843, and again after the fire of 1860, and he rebuilt Crown Office Row, Temple (1863–4), and Inner Temple Hall (1868-70). His latest work was the construction of the fine range of exhibition galleries for the Royal Academy at Burlington House, Piccadilly, which he completed in 1870. He was elected A.R.A. in 1847, and R.A. in succession to his brother in 1859; he held the professorship of architecture at the Royal Academy from 1861 to 1865, and became treasurer in 1871. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, to the proceedings of which he contributed five papers. He was also fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the gold medal of which he received in 1860. In 1852 Smirke founded the Architects' Benevolent Society, and he held the presidentship until his death. His residence was at 28 Berkeley Square. He died at Tunbridge Wells on 8 Dec. 1877, leaving four sons and four daughters. Smirke was the author of: 1. 'Suggestions for the Architectural Improvement of the Western Part of London,' 1834. 2. The Temple Church,' in Weale's Quarterly Papers on Architecture,' 1843-5. 3. A Mode of Assisting the Eve in the right Perception of Colour in Pictures,' 1853, 8vo (privately printed). 4. Some Account of the Professional Life of C. R. Cockerell, R.A. (read at a meeting of the Royal Institute of British Architects on 16 Nov. 1863). [Dict. of Architecture; Builder, 1877, p. 1256; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Art Journal, 1877.] F. M. O'D. INDEX ΤΟ THE FIFTY-SECOND VOLUME. Shearman or Sherman, William (1767-1861). Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1828- Shee, George Darell (1843-1894). See under Shee, Sir Martin Archer (1769-1850) Shee, Sir William (1804-1868) Sheehan, John (1812-1882) Sheehy, Nicholas (1728-1766). Sheepshanks, Anne (1789-1876). See under Sheepshanks, John (1787-1863) Sheepshanks, Richard (1794-1855). Sheffield, first Earl of. See Holroyd, John Sheffield, Edmund, first Baron Sheffield (1521- 5 7 8 Shenton, Henry Chawner (1803-1866) 9 Shepard. See also Shephard, Shepheard, Shep- 10 Shepard, Thomas (1604-1649). Shepard, Thomas (1635-1677). See under Shepard, Thomas (1604-1649). Shepesheved, William de (fl. 1320?) Shepheard, George (1770 ?-1842) 50 1549). See under Sheffield, Sir Robert. 51 52 11 Shepheard, George Walwyn (1804-1852). See Sheffield, Edmund, second Earl of Mulgrave under Shepheard, George. (1611 ?-1658) Sheffield, George (1839-1892). 12 Shepherd, George (f. 1800-1830) Sheffield, John (fl. 1643-7). See under Shef- field, John (1654?-1726). Shepherd, George Sidney (d. 1858). See under Sheffield, John, third Earl of Mulgrave, after- Shepherd, John (fl. 1550) 53 wards first Duke of Buckingham and Nor- Shepherd, John (1759-1805) 54 manby (1648-1721) 13 Shepherd, Luke (fl. 1548-1554) Sheffield, John (1654 ?-1726) 15 Shepherd, Richard (1732 ?-1809) 55 Sheffield, Sir Robert (d. 1518). 16 Shepherd, Richard Herne (1842-1895) 55 Sheil, Sir Justin (1803-1871) 56 Sheil, Richard Lalor (1791-1851) 17 Shepherd, Thomas Hosmer (fl. 1825-1840). Sheilds or Shields, Alexander (1660 ?-1700) : 21 See under Shepherd, George. Shepherd, William (1768-1847) Shelburne, Earl of. See Petty, William, first Sheppard, Elizabeth Sara (1830-1862) Marquis of Lansdowne (1737-1805). Sheppard, Sir Fleetwood (1634-1698) Sheldon, Edward (1599-1687). Sheldon, Gilbert (1598-1677) Sheldon, John (1752-1808) Sheldon, Nathaniel (1705-1780). See Elliot." 26 Sheppard, John (1785-1879) Sheppard, John (1702-1724), known as Jack 60 62 Sheppard or Shepherd, Nicholas (d. 1587) 62 Sheldon, Ralph (1623-1684). See under Shel- Sheppard, Robert (fl. 1730-1740) 62 Sheppard, Samuel (fl. 1646) 63 Sheldon, Richard (d. 1642 ?) 27 Sheppard, William (fl. 1650-1660). Sheldrake, Timothy (fl. 1756); 27 Sheppard, William (d. 1675?) Shelford, Leonard (1795-1864) Shelley, George (1666 ?-1736 ?) Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (1797-1851) 28 Shepreve or Shepery, John (1509 ?-1542) 64 29 Shepreve or Shepery, William (1540-1598), Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822). 31 in Latin Scepreus. Shelley, Sir Richard (1513 ?-1589?) 40 Shepstone, Sir Theophilus (1817-1893) Shelley, Samuel (1750-1808) 41 Sherard, James (1666-1738) Shelley or de Conches, William (d. 1155 ?). Sherard, William (1659-1728) See William. Sheraton, Thomas (1751-1806) Shelley, Sir William (1480 ?-1549 ?) 41 Sherborne or Shirburn, Robert (1440 ?-1536). 69 65 65 66 67 68 |