Indies with a cargo of arms and military stores. In December 1805 he was sent out to the West Indies, where, during the greater part of 1806, he was engaged in watching and sending intelligence of the French squadron under Willaumez, so that it was not till his return to England in the spring of 1807 that he received his commission as post-captain, dated 22 Jan. 1806. In 1809 he served as a volunteer on board the Superb, bearing the flag of Sir Richard Goodwin Keats [q. v.], in the expedition to the Scheldt, where his conduct, especially in covering the evacuation of Walcheren, was highly commended by Sir Richard John Strachan [q.v.], the commander-in-chief, and Commodore Owen, in actual command of the operations. In the summer of 1811 Carteret was appointed to the Naiad, a 46-gun frigate, in which on 20 Sept. he was off Boulogne when a division of the French flotilla got under way and stood along the coast, under the eyes of Napoleon I, who, on the next day, witnessed a detachment of this division cut off, brought to action, and captured by the Naiad, with three gun brigs in company. The rest of the division escaped under the guns of the batteries which lined the coast. SILVESTER, SIR PHILIP CARTERET (1777-1828), captain in the navy, was the son of Rear-admiral Philip Carteret [q. v.], the circumnavigator, by his wife Mary Rachel, daughter of Sir John Baptist Silvester, M.D., F.R.S. (d. 1789), a Frenchman by birth, a Dutchman by education, and physician to the army in the Low Countries, under the Duke of Cumberland, during the war of the Austrian succession (cf. MUNK, Coll. of Phys. ii. 178). His mother's brother, whose title and name he eventually inherited, was Sir John Silvester (1745-1822), who Towards the close of 1812 Carteret was graduated B.C.L. from St. John's College, moved into the Pomone, a frigate of the same Oxford, in 1764, was chosen common serjeant force as the Naiad, employed on the coast of by the corporation of London in 1790, and France and the Lisbon station. On 21 Oct. succeeded Sir John William Rose as recorder 1813, in hazy weather in the Bay of Biscay, in 1803. He was elected F.R.S. in 1780, she fell in with a French frigate under jury F.S.A. in 1804, and was created D.C.L. by masts, much disabled by a recent gale, and Oxford University in 1818. He was made at the same time sighted another large ship, a baronet on 27 Dec. 1814, and died on which was supposed to be also a frigate. 30 March 1822 at Chingford, Essex, where Carteret ran down to engage this, only to he was buried on 6 April (cf. Gent. Mag. find that she was a Portuguese East India1822, i. 370; European Mag. January 1815). man; and meanwhile the disabled French Young Carteret entered the navy in 1792, frigate had made good her escape, only to be under the care of his father's old lieutenant, captured, after very feeble resistance, two Captain (afterwards Admiral Sir Erasmus) days later by the Andromache. At Lisbon Gower [q. v.], on board the Lion, in which it was reported that the l'omone had fled he went out to China, and returned in 1794. from the frigate, and Carteret applied for a He was then with Gower in the Triumph, court-martial, which was held, on his return and was slightly wounded in the partial en- to Plymouth, on 31 Dec. Carteret was gagement with the French fleet on 17 June acquitted of all blame, and continued in 1795. On 8 Oct. 1795 he was promoted to command of the Pomone till the end of the be lieutenant of the Impérieuse, frigate; he war. On 4 June 1815 he was nominated a afterwards served in the Greyhound, Bri- C.B., and about the same time was appointed tannia, and Cambrian, in the Channel and to the Désirée, from which in October he on the coast of France; and on 29 April was moved to the Active. In her he served 1802 was promoted to be commander of the for two years on the Jamaica station. After Bonne Citoyenne sloop in the Mediterranean. his return in the autumn of 1817 he had no She was paid off in 1803, and in 1804 Car- further employment. In January 1822 he teret was appointed to the 18-gun brig Scor- took the name of Silvester in addition to pion, in which he was actively employed in Carteret, and on the death of his uncle, Sir the North Sea; and on 11 April 1805 cap- John Silvester, without issue, on 30 March tured a Dutch vessel bound for the West 1822, he succeeded to the baronetcy, by a SILVESTER, TIPPING (1700-1768), divine and author, born in 1700, was the son of John Silvester, linendraper, of St. Mary Woolnoth, London. His mother, Grace, daughter of George Tipping, draper, was descended from the family of Tipping of Shabbington in Buckinghamshire. Tipping matriculated from Pembroke College, Oxford, on 13 July 1717, graduated B.A. in 1721, and proceeded M.A. on 29 Jan. 1723-4. He was chosen a fellow of his college, and, taking holy orders, was presented by Prudence Tipping, on 21 March 1736-7, to the vicarage of Shabbington. There he resided until his death in 1768. He was the author of: 1. Original Poems and Translations,' London, 1733, 8vo. 2. 'A Critical Dissertation wherein Mr. Foster's Notion of Heresy is considered and confuted,' London, 8vo; this provoked a burlesque reply from Joseph Danvers entitled Tipping Tipt Justice,' London, 8vo. 3. 'The Evidence of the Resurrection of Jesus vindicated,' 2nd edit., London, 1744, 8vo. A reply was published, entitled 'The Resurrection Defenders stript of all Defence,' London, 1745, 8vo. Silvester also published several sermons, translated the Psalms with explanatory notes (London, 1745, 8vo), and edited Cockman's 'Select Theological Discourses,' London, 1750, 8vo. [Lipscomb's Hist. of Buckinghamshire, i. 450, 453; Brooke and Hallen's Transcript of the Registers of St. Mary Woolnoth and St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, p. 274; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886; Danvers's Tipping Tipt Justice.] E. I. C. SIMCOCKS, MANNERS, or GROSVENOR, JOHN (1609–1695), jesuit, was born in London in 1609. Destined from early life for the priesthood, he studied the humanities at the college of St. Omer. In 1631 he entered the English province of the Society of Jesus at Watten near St. Omer, under the name of John Manners, and on 18 Dec. 1645 was professed of the four vows under the name of John Simcocks. For about two years he was professor of philosophy at Perugia. In 1649 he became prefect of studies in the English College at Rome, in December 1657 he was appointed its rector, and in the following year was also named one of penitentiaries at Loretto to hear the confessions of the English pilgrims. In October 1659 he resigned the rectorship, and in 1665 was spiri tual father at Liège College. In 1669 he crossed to England, and served for several years in the Suffolk district. While there he wrote a controversial work, Indagator Indefessus,' London, 1670, 8vo. In 1680 he was at Ghent at the house of the Tertians. After the exile of James II, Simcocks joined him at St. Germains, under the name of John Grosvenor. He died at James II's court in 1695. [Foley's Records of the English Province, vii. Jesu, ed. 1676 by Southwell, p. 503.] E. I. C. 485; Ribadeneira's Bibliotheca Scriptorum Soc. SIMCOE, HENRY ADDINGTON (1800-1868), theologian, son of Lieutenantgeneral John Graves Simcoe [q. v.], born at Plymouth in 1800, matriculated from Wadham College, Oxford, on 13 April 1818, when aged 18, and graduated B.A. on 17 Dec. 1821, and M.A. on 3 Nov. 1825 (GARDINER, Registers of Wadham College, ii. 279-80). He was ordained in the English church, and from about 1826 served the curacy of Egloskerry with Tremaine in Cornwall. The property of his father consisted of the estate of Wolford at Dunkeswell in Devonshire. Another estate came to Simcoe on the death of William Walcot of Oundle, Northamptonshire, in 1826 (BELL, Life of Dryden, i. 98), and in 1830 he purchased the picturesque Jacobean manor-house of Penheale in Egloskerry, with its gardens, fishponds, and avenue of lime-trees (Parochial Hist. of Cornwall, i. 323-8). At a later date he acquired the advowson of Egloskerry with Tremaine, and from 4 July 1846 he was the vicar of the parish. He was also rural dean of Trigg Major. Simcoe possessed a knowledge of medicine and chemistry, and throughout his life was a model clergyman. He died at Penheale House on 15 Nov. 1868, and was buried in Egloskerry churchyard on 24 Nov. He married, first, Anne, second daughter of the Rev. Edward Palmer, vicar of Moseley in Worcestershire, and Stogumber in Somerset: and, secondly, Emily, second daughter of Rev. Horatio Mann, rector of Mawgan with St. Martin-in-Meneage, Cornwall. She died at 2 Hillylands, Weston Park, Bath, on 24 May 1877. By his first wife he had issue five sons and four daughters; his second wife bore him two daughters. For many years Simcoe maintained a private printing press at Penheale, and struck off many theological works, both original and reprints. The chief of his own works were: 1. 'A Selection of Psalms and Hymns for Public Worship,' 1831; 2nd edit. 1837. 2. Epistle of the Apostle Paul to the Ephe sians,' with texts, parallel, expository, and illustrative, 1832; and a magazine called 3. Light from the West,' No. 1, January 1832, which was edited by him during numerous volumes. Particulars of his publications are given in the 'Penheale Press: a Catalogue of Works published by the Rev. H.A. Simcoe, 1854.' [Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Burke's Landed Gentry; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. ii. 650-2, iii. 1336, 1457; Escott's Platform, Press, Politics, p. 23; Boase's Collectanea Cornub. pp. 529, 899.] W. P. C. SIMCOE, JOHN GRAVES (1752-1806), first governor of Upper Canada, eldest son of Captain John Simcoe (who was killed before Quebec in 1759) and of Katherine Stamford, was born at Cotterstock in Northamptonshire on 25 Feb. 1752. He was educated first at Exeter, and in 1766 was sent to Eton. On 4 Feb. 1769 he proceeded to Merton College, Oxford, and in 1771 entered the army as an ensign in the 35th regiment. On the outbreak of the American war Simcoe went out to New England as adjutant to his regiment; in 1775 he became captain in the 40th foot, and was severely wounded at the Brandywine river. His offer at this time to raise a special corps of negroes for service at Boston was not accepted. On 15 Oct. 1777 he was nominated major commandant of a new provincial corps called the queen's rangers (hussars), which he brought to a high state of efficiency. Throughout the remainder of the war he bore an active part, receiving local rank as lieutenantcolonel in June 1778. He was taken prisoner, narrowly escaping with his life in 1779. He was released on 31 Dec. 1779, and went back to his regiment; and he was among the troops included in Cornwallis's surrender at Gloucester Point in 1781. Simcoe made his regiment conspicuous by the self-restraint exercised in victory. He strongly urged the adoption of the Indian (i.e. scouting) methods in the American war. He became colonel in the army on 19 Dec. 1781. vigorously to business, and to the passage of those measures which were required for the settlement of a new country, as to the capacity of which he was sanguine. Particularly he devoted himself to the agricultural development and military defence of the province. The country was surveyed and laid out for immigrants; he attracted round him the loyalists from the revolted states, and he raised a new (Canadian) corps of queen's rangers. In 1793 he took the first steps towards moving the seat of government from Newark to Toronto, of which capital he was practically the founder. He also gave the river flowing through Canada West the name of Thames, and founded on its banks the town of London. Simcoe's administration in Canada has been generally commended, despite his displays of prejudice against the United States. His schemes for improving the province were 'extremely wise and well arranged' (ROGER). Simcoe became major-general on 3 Oct. 1794, and was appointed to be commandant of the recently captured San Domingo, with the local rank of lieutenant-general. In July 1797 he returned to England, and on 3 Oct. 1798 was promoted lieutenant-general in the army. He commanded at Plymouth in 1801, when the French invasion was expected. In 1806 he was appointed commander-in-chief in India, but was directed first to proceed with the Earl of Rosslyn to join Earl St. Vincent in the Tagus. He was taken ill on the voyage, and, at once returning home, with difficulty landed at Torbay, and died on 26 Oct. 1806 at Exeter. Simcoe married, on 30 Dec. 1782, Elizabeth Posthuma, daughter of Colonel Gwillim of Old Court, Hereford, and left two sons (one of whom, Henry Addington Simcoe, is separately noticed) and seven daughters. There are portraits of him at Wolford Lodge, his old seat, and there is a monument by Flaxman in Exeter Cathedral. A lake, town, and county in Ontario were all named after him. of Celebrated Canadians; Gent. Mag. 1806, [Lee's Memoir (Toronto); Morgan's Sketches pt. ii. p. 1165; Roger's History of Canada, i. 83-5; Simcoe's Journal of the War in America; private information.] C. A. H. Simcoe returned to England invalided in December 1781, and settled down for a time on his own estates to the life of a country gentleman. In 1790 he entered parliament as member for St. Mawe's, Cornwall. In 1791, on the division of the Canadas, he SIME, JAMES (1843-1895), critic and became the first lieutenant-governor of Upper journalist, born 31 Oct. 1843, was eldest son Canada, serving under Lord Dorchester as of Rev. James Sime of Airdrie, and aftergovernor-in-chief [see CARLETON, GUY, 1724- wards of Wick and Thurso, Caithness-shire 1808]. Arriving on 8 July 1792, he se- (d. 19 Sept. 1865 at Thurso, aged 60), and lected Newark (now Niagara) as his capital. of Jane Anderson of Glasgow (d. 28 Jan. His first legislature mustered only seven 1889 at Edinburgh). He was educated at members all told, but he addressed himself | Anderson's Gymnasium, Aberdeen, which he left in 1859 for Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.A. in 1867. In 1866, having given up the idea of entering the ministry, he went to Germany, and studied German literature and philosophy, first at Heidelberg University, and afterwards at Berlin. During his stay in Germany he was engaged in collecting materials for his' Life of Lessing,' and he visited most of the places connected with his hero's career, and with the lives of Goethe and Schiller. He returned and settled in London, Norland Square, Notting Hill, in 1869, and commenced journalism. In 1871 he took a mastership in the Edinburgh Academy, but, finding the work uncongenial, resigned and returned to London in 1873 to literary work, which occupied him till his death. He was successively connected with the 'Globe,' the Pall Mall Gazette,' and the 'St. James's Gazette' (under Mr. Frederick Greenwood), writing chiefly on social and educational topics, and on continental politics. He was a constant contributor to the 'Athenæum,' 'Saturday Review,' and the English Illustrated Magazine,' did weekly work for the Graphic' and the 'Daily Graphic' for many years, and for some time was on the staff of Nature.' He had planned a history of Germany on a fairly big scale, but the claims of his everyday work, and his premature death, prevented the realisation of this scheme, for which his wide reading and sound judgment eminently qualified him. From 1880 he lived at a house in Bedford Park, 1 Queen Anne's Grove, which he had built. He died there of influenza, on 20 March 1895, and was buried at Hampstead cemetery. Sime married, on 6 Oct. 1865, Jessie Aitken Wilson (youngest sister of Sir Daniel Wilson [q. v.], president of Toronto University, and of Professor George Wilson of Edinburgh University). One child of this marriage survived him, Georgina Jessie. A portrait was engraved from a characteristic photograph. His published works were: 1. 'History of Germany' (historical course for schools, edited by E. A. Freeman), 1874. 2. Life of Lessing, 2 vols. 1877. 3. 'Schiller' (Blackwood's 'Foreign Classics for English Readers'), 1882. 4.Mendelssohn's Letters,' 1887. 5. Life of Goethe' ('Great Writers Series,' 1888. 6. Geography of Europe'), 1890. He also editedMinna von Barnhelm,' 1877, and wrote numerous articles dealing with German history, literature, and biography in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.' [Personal knowledge and information from family.] F. Y. P. SIMEON or SYMEON OF DURHAM (f. 1130), historian, was a monk of Durham, being thirty-eighth on his own list of the monks of that house (Hist. Eccl. Dunelm, ii. 5). He probably joined the monastery between the date of its establishment by Bishop Walcher [q. v.] at Jarrow in 1174 and its removal to Durham by Bishop William de St. Carilef [q. v.] in 1083; for he speaks of recollecting how Tynemouth was served by the monks from Jarrow (Hist. Regum, i. 260). It is, however, probable that he did not make his profession till 1085 or 1086 (ARNOLD, Præf. vol. i. p. xii). Very little is known of his life. He mentions that he could remember the services of the secular clergy in Durham Cathedral in the time of Bishop Walcher (Hist. Eccl. Dunelm. ii. 58). As a monk of Durham he was present at the translation of the remains of St. Cuthbert in 1104 (REGINALD OF COLDINGHAM, De Cuthberti Virtutibus, Surtees Soc. i. 84). Afterwards he rose to be precentor of the church of Durham. That post was held by William of St. Barbara in 1138 (Monast. Angl. vi. 1173), and Simeon probably died a few years previously. The 'Historia Regum 'is brought down to 1129, and the 'Epistolæ de Archiepiscopis Eboraci' was probably written about 1130 or 1132. Simeon must at this time have been about seventy years old. His obit was kept at Durham on 14 Oct. (Liber Vitæ, p. 146, Surtees Soc. xiii.) Bale, on the strength of a chronological error in a rubric prefixed to the only manuscript of the 'Historia Regum,' fixed Simeon's date at 1164. Selden (ap. Scriptores Decem, pp. i-xxvi), accepting this conclusion, argued that Simeon could not be the author of the Historia Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis,' whose recollection went back to 1080. Accordingly, he claimed this latter work on behalf of Turgot [q. v.], who was prior of Durham in 1104. The error was exposed by Rudd in a dissertation prefixed to Bedford's edition of the Durham history in 1732. Simeon was for the most part an industrious compiler rather than an original historian. His most important work is the Historia Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis,' which was written between 1104 and 1108, and is brought down to the death of William of St. Carilef in 1096. Next in importance is the Historia Regum Anglorum et Dacorum.' The first portion, extending from 732 to 957, is based on the work of a Cuthbertine annalist, who had borrowed largely from Asser, but preserves northern information of value; the second portion extends from 848 to 1129, and is based on the 6 Chronicle' of Florence of Worcester, with some brief interpolations as far as 1119; the final part, from 1119 to 1129, is an original composition. The Historia Regum' was afterwards continued by John of Hexham q. v. In addition to these two works, Bale attributes to Simeon: 1. De Obsessione Dunelmi et de probitate Uchtredi Comitis.' 2. Epistola ad Hugonem Decanum Eboracensem de Archiepiscopis Eboraci.' 3. Epistolæ' addressed to Elmer, prior of Christ Church. These letters have not survived. Simeon may also possibly be the author of the latter part of the treatise 'De Miraculis et Translationibus Cuthberti' (ARNOLD, Præf. vol. i. pp. xxx-xxxii). All Simeon's writings, together with some shorter pieces in continuation of his 'Chronicles,' or used by him in their preparation, were printed by Twysden in his 'Scriptores Decem.' The Historia Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis' was edited by Thomas Bedford, London, 1732. Mr. Hodgson Hinde edited all but the Historia Dunelmensis,' together with other Collectanea,' for the Surtees Society (vol. li. 1868). The first portion of the Historia Regum' is printed in the Monumenta Historica Britannica.' Simeon's complete works, with other Collectanea' and continuations, have been edited by Mr. Thomas Arnold for the Rolls Series in 2 vols. London, 1882, 1885. 6 SIMEON STOCK, SAINT (1165?-1265), general of the Carmelite friars, is said to have been born in Kent of noble parents about 1165. From his earliest years he was devoted to religion, and, according to the legend, owed his surname to the fact that from his twelfth year he lived a hermit's life in the trunk or stock of a tree for twenty years. In 1201 he is alleged to have entered the Carmelite order, and afterwards to have studied at Oxford, graduating as bachelor in theology. In 1215 he became vicar-general of the order in the west, and on 30 Jan. 1226 obtained from Honorius III a confirmation of the Albertine rule, which was renewed by Gregory IX on 6 April 1229. Afterwards Simeon went to Palestine, and was present at the general meeting of the order in 1237, when the migration to the west was determined on. Simeon came to England with Alan the general in 1244, and at a chapter held at Aylesford in the following year was chosen sixth general of the order in succession to Alan. As general he obtained a revision of the Carmelite rule from Innocent IV in 1248. He died at Bordeaux on 16 May 1265. In 1276 Nicholas III sanctioned the celebration of mass in Simeon's honour in the Carmelite church at Bordeaux. The privilege was extended to all the churches of the order by Paul V. St. Simeon Stock is famous as the propagator of the scapular,' a garment consisting of two woollen bands worn over the shoulders-a peculiar distinction of his order, which is said to have been revealed to him by the Virgin in a vision in 1251, with the assurance that no one who died wearing it could be lost. The legend was contested by Launoy, the famous French theologian in the seventeenth century, who asserted that it was not to be found before John Palæonydorus, who wrote about 1480. The legend seems to be of older date than this, and possibly originated in the fourteenth century; but the ascription of it to Peter Swaynton, a disciple and contemporary of Simeon Stock, is not well founded. Simeon is credited with having written: 1. 'Canones cultus divini.' 2. Homiliæ ad populum.' 3. De Christiana poenitentia,' inc. Amos super Tribus sceleribus.' 4. Epistolæ ad fratres.' 5. Ad Christoparam Virginem Antiphonæ,' inc. 'Ave Stella Matutina." His writings are of little extent and less importance. 6 SIMEON OF WARWICK (d. 1296), historian, became a Benedictine monk at St. Mary's, York, and in 1258 was elected abbot, receiving the temporalities on 25 July. In 1269 he obtained the forestry of Farindale Forest from the king, and in 1270 began the rebuilding of the choir of his abbey church. He died on 6 July 1296. Simeon wrote 'Historia Coenobii sui' and 'De regula patris Benedicti.' Both are contained in Bodleian MS. 1892. An edition of Simeon's Annals,' with extracts from the 'Chartularies of St. Mary's, York,' has long been projected by the Surtees Society. 6 [Leland's Collectanea, i. 23-4; Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, iii. 538; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 673.] C. L. K. SIMEON, CHARLES (1759-1836), divine, the fourth son of Richard Simeon (d. 1784) of Reading, by Elizabeth Hutton, was born at Reading on 24 Sept. 1759. On his father's side Simeon was descended from the Simeons of Pyrton, Oxfordshire, the |