of the Lord! awake, awake,' first published in Missionary Hymns,' 1795, is attributed in some works to his father, but the testimony of the younger Shrubsole's daughter is conclusive in his favour. Another hymn, 'Bright as the sun's meridian blaze,' was written in 1795 for the first anniversary meeting of the London Missionary Society. He was not connected in any way with William Shrubsole q. v.], the composer (Memorial notice by his daughter, Mrs. Cunliffe, with portrait, in MORISON'S Fathers and Founders of the London Missionary Society; JULIAN'S Dictionary of Hymnology).

[Christian Memoirs, 3rd edit., as above; Morison's Fathers and Founders of the London Missionary Society; Miller's Our Hymns, their Authors and Origin, which, however, errs in the matter of the hymns; Gent. Mag. 1797, pt. i. 173, 250.]

J. C. H.

SHRUBSOLE, WILLIAM (17601806), composer, youngest son of Thomas Shrubsole, farrier, was born at Canterbury, and baptised on 13 Jan. 1760. He was a chorister in the cathedral from 1770 to 1777, and organist at Bangor Cathedral from 1782 to 1784, when he was dismissed for frequenting 'conventicles.' He became organist of Spa Fields Chapel, London, and held that post till his death on 18 Jan. 1806. He was a successful teacher in London, and among his pupils were William Russell (1777-1813) [q. v.], organist of the Foundling Chapel, and Benjamin Jacob [q. v.] of Surrey Chapel. The 1794 Musical Directory' describes him

as an alto singer, and in that capacity he is said to have sung at Drury Lane and Westminster Abbey. Shrubsole composed the famous hymn-tune known as Miles Lane,' set to the hymn by Edward Perronet [see under PERRONET, VINCENT], All hail! the power of Jesus' Name.' He became intimate with Perronet at Canterbury, and Perronet, besides making him one of his executors, left him a substantial share of his property. Shrubsole is buried at Bunhill Fields, London, and the first strain of 'Miles Lane' is cut on his tombstone.

[Parr's Church of England Psalmody; Love's Scottish Church Music; Musical Opinion, March 1896; Quiver, May 1896, where there is a facsimile reproduction of Miles Lane' as it first appeared in the Gospel Magazine, November 1779; note by Mr. F. G. Edwards; records of Bangor Cathedral.]

J. C. H.

SHUCKARD, WILLIAM EDWARD (1802-1868), entomologist, born in 1802, was the eldest son of Johann Leonhardt Schuckardt of Frankfort-on-the-Main, who settled in England in 1787 (married in 1793) and

became proprietor of the Old Ship Hotel at Brighton. William was well educated, and was apprenticed to Messrs. Baldwin, Craddock, & Joy, publishers, of Paternoster Row; lodging at first with his maternal uncle, William Bernard Cooke [q. v.], the lineengraver, of Soho Square. But his devotion to reading led to neglect of his duties, and he was dismissed. His father then sent him to a German firm of booksellers, it is believed at Leipzig. Subsequently on returning to Brighton he attempted literary work, and became sub-editor of a local paper. His leisure he devoted to entomology, and soon became expert in the study. On 2 April 1835 he was appointed librarian to the Royal Society, and held the post until 9 Nov. 1843. Through the influence of William Wilson Saunders q. v.], the entomologist, he obtained in the following year the post of editor of 'Lloyd's List,' which office he held till his retirement in 1861. He died at the Oval Road, Kenabout 1829, the daughter of Mr. Martin of nington, on 10 Nov. 1868. Shuckard married, Horsted Keynes, Sussex.

Shuckard was author of: 1.' Esssay on the London, 1837. 2. 'Elements of British EnIndigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera,' 8vo, 3. 'The tomology, 8vo, London, 1839. British Coleoptera,' with drawings by W. J. Spry, 8vo, London, 1840. 4. On the History and Natural Arrangement of Insects,' written in conjunction with W. Swainson, vol. x.), 1840. 6. Catalogue of the ManuSvo, London (Lardner's 'Cabinet Cyclopædia," script Letters in the possession of the Royal Society,' 8vo, London, 1840. 6. British Bees,' 8vo, London, 1866. He also translated and edited, with notes and plates, 'A Manual of Entomology,' from the German of C. H. C. Burmeister, 8vo, London, 1836; Tischendorf's Travels in the East' in 1847, and Bechstein's Chamber Birds' in 1848, which went through many editions. Some sixteen papers on entomological subjects by him appeared in various scientific journals

between 1836 and 1842.

[Entomologist, iv. 180; information kindly supplied by his son, Mr. G. C. Shuckard, and by Mr. R. Harrison, Assist. Sec. Roy. Soc.; Brit. B. B. W. Mus. Cat.; Roy. Soc. Cat.]

SHUCKBURGH, SIR RICHARD (1596-1656), royalist, born in 1596, was second son of John Shuckburgh of Shuckburgh in Warwickshire, and of his wife Margery, eldest daughter of Richard Middle

more

of Edgbaston in Warwickshire. Richard matriculated from Lincoln College, Oxford, on 23 April 1615, and graduated B.A. on 3 May of the same year (Oxford

Shuckburgh

University Register, 11. ii. 336, iii. 335). His elder brother dying without heirs in 1625, Richard succeeded his father in the family estates in March 1631. In 1640 he was chosen to represent the county of Warwick in the Long parliament. But the proceedings of that body were little to his taste, and his vehement loyalty drew down on him the displeasure of the parliamentarians. He was interrogated by order of the commons, and on 21 Sept. 1642 the serjeant-at-arms was directed to take him in custody on account of his unsatisfactory answers (Commons' Journals, ii. 775). To avoid imprisonment he withdrew to his Warwickshire estates. On his march to Edgecot Charles I met Shuckburgh hunting on 22 Oct. 1642, and enlisted his support. Shuckburgh was present at Edgehill on the following day and was knighted. He did not, however, accompany Charles in his retreat, but fortified himself on the top of Shuckburgh hill. The place was attacked and stormed after a stout resistance, and Sir Richard, desperately wounded, was carried a prisoner to Kenilworth Castle. For taking arms for the king he was expelled by parliament on 14 Jan. 1644 (ib. iii. 366; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1649-50, pp. 444-5). His petition to compound for his delinquency, 28 April 1646, met with no response (Cal. Comm. for Compounding, p. 1218). He remained in prison for several years, and obtained his release only by sacrificing many of his estates. The remainder of his life he passed in retirement, interesting himself in history and antiquities. Thomas Fuller dedicated to him the third section of the fifth book of his 'Church History.' He died in London on 13 June 1656, and was buried in Shuckburgh mortuary chapel, where his monument may still be seen.

He was thrice married, but only by his third wife had he any children. On 30 Nov. 1627 he married Mary Crompton, a widow, daughter of Ralph Sneyd of Keyle in Stafford, who died on 5 Sept. 1629. He married, on 10 Dec. 1630, his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee in Warwickshire. By Grace, his third wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Holte of Aston, bart., he had six sons-John, who succeeded to the estates and was created a baronet in 1660; Richard, George, Charles, and two who died young. By her he had also four daughters. Sir Richard's third wife survived him and married John Keating [q. v.], chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland. She died

in 1677.

[Dugdale's Warwickshire, i. 289. 309; Colvile's Warwickshire Worthies, p. 689; Diary of

Shuckburgh-Evelyn

Richard Symonds (Camden Soc.), p. 191; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. i. 338; Misc. Geneal. 2nd ser. iii. 353.] E. I. C.

SHUCKBURGH - EVELYN, SIR GEORGE AUGUSTUS WILLIAM (1751– 1804) sixth baronet, mathematician, born on 23 Aug. 1751, was the eldest son of Richard Shuckburgh (1728-1772) of Limerick, by his wife Sarah, daughter of John Hayward of Plumstead, Kent, captain R.N., and widow of Edward Bate. Sir Richard Shuckburgh [q. v.], whose son John was created a baronet on 26 June 1660, was his great-great-grandfather.

George entered Rugby school in 1760, and matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, on 22 April 1768, graduating B.A. in 1772. On quitting the university he devoted three years to travel in France and Italy, occupying himself with scientific investigations. On the death of his uncle, Sir Charles Shuckburgh, fifth baronet, on 10 Aug. 1773, he succeeded to the baronetcy and family estates at Shuckburgh, Warwickshire. On 27 Sept. 1780 he was returned to parliament for the county of Warwick, and retained his seat until his death (Official Returns of Members of Parliament, ii. 169, 182, 195, 208, 222).

Shuckburgh was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 22 Dec. 1774, and on 4 Dec. 1777 a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1777 and 1778 he communicated to the Royal Society the results of investigations made by him and Majorgeneral William Roy (1726-1790) [q. v.] in Savoy concerning the measurement of the height of mountains by the barometer. His treatise was published with the title 'Observations made in Savoy to ascertain the Height of Mountains by the Barometer,' London, 1777, 4to. In 1798 Shuckburgh communicated to the Royal Society the result of experiments made with a view to determine the relation between the English yard and some invariable standard. Shuckburgh's results have since been found to be correct within 00745 of an inch. To record his conclusions he employed Troughton to construct for him a brass bar on which the length of five feet was engraved, divided into tenths of an inch. The scale is now in the possession of the Royal Society. He made similar investigations regarding the measures of capacity and weight, details of which were also given in his paper. Most of his experiments were carried out in an observatory which he caused to be constructed for his use at Shuckburgh.

Shuckburgh died at Shuckburgh on

11 Aug. 1804. He was twice married: first, on 3 July 1782, to Sarah Johanna, younger daughter and coheir of John Darker of Gayton, Northamptonshire. She died on 10 April 1783, leaving no children. He married, secondly, on 6 Oct. 1785, Julia Annabella, daughter and heir of James Evelyn of Felbridge, Surrey. On the death of his father-in-law in 1793 he assumed the additional surname of Evelyn. By his wife, who died on 14 Sept. 1797, he had a daughter, Julia Evelyn Medley ShuckburghEvelyn, who was married to Charles Cecil Cope Jenkins, third earl of Liverpool [q. v.] | The baronetcy descended to Sir George's brother, Sir Stewkeley Shuckburgh (17571809).

Besides the work and papers already mentioned, Shuckburgh was the author of 'An Account of the Equatoreal Instrument [London? 1793 ?], 4to [see RAMSDEN, JESSE], and of further contributions to the 'Transactions' of the Royal Society.

[English Cyclopædia, Biography, v. 488; Colvile's Worthies of Warwickshire, p. 691; Register of Rugby School, 1675–1849, p. 39; Foster's Alumni Oxon. (later ser.); Gent. Mag. 1804, ii. 793; The Beauties of England and Wales, 1814, xv. 96; Miscell. Geneal. et Herald. (2nd ser.), iii. 279, 280, 357; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ii. 638, iii. 623, viii. 16; Thomson's Hist. of Royal Soc. App. p. lv; Hutton's Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary, 1815.]

E. I. C.

SHUCKFORD, SAMUEL (d. 1754), historian, son of Samuel Shuckford of Palgrave, Suffolk, gent., was born at Norwich about 1694, and educated at the grammar schools of Norwich and Botesdale, Suffolk. From 1712 to 1719 he was scholar of Caius College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1716 and M.A. in 1720, and subsequently obtaining the Lambeth degree of D.D. (Graduati Cantabr. 1823). He was ordained deacon on 16 June 1717, and priest on 28 Oct. 1718. In 1722 he was presented to the rectory of Shelton, Norfolk, which he resigned in 1746 (BLOMEFIELD, Hist. of Norfolk, v. 272). He held with it the living of Hardwick, and was also vicar of Seething and Mundham, Norfolk. He was instituted to the tenth prebend in the cathedral church of Canterbury on 21 March 1737-8 (LE NEVE, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 59). Subsequently he obtained the living of All Saints, Lombard Street, London; and it is said that he was one of George II's chaplains. He died on 14 July 1754, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral.

He was author of: 1. The Sacred and Profane History of the World, connected from the creation of the world to the disso

lution of the Assyrian empire at the death of Sardanapalus, and to the declension of the kingdom of Judah and Israel, under the reigns of Ahaz and Pekah,' 2 vols. 1728,8vo. This work was intended to serve as an introduction to Prideaux's 'Connection;' it was reprinted, 3 vols., London, 1731-40; 4 vols. London, 1743 seq.; London, 1754, 8vo; 4 vols. 1808, 8vo, edited by Adam Clarke; new edition, with The Creation and Fall of Man,' 2 vols. Oxford, 1810, 8vo; and another edition of both works with notes and analyses, by James Talboys Wheeler [q. v.], 2 vols. London, 1858, 8vo. 2. The Creation and Fall of Man,' London, 1753, 8vo.

'A Connection of Sacred and Profane History, from the death of Joshua to the decline of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah (intended to complete the works of Shuckford and Prideaux), by the Rev. Michael Russell, LL.D., Episcopal minister,' appeared in 3 vols. London, 1827, 8vo.

[Gent. Mag. 1754, p. 340; Jones's Life of Bishop Horne, 1795, p. 113; Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum, i. 58; Nichols's Illustr. Lit. viii. 588; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iii. 287, 335; information kindly supplied by Dr. John Venn, F.R.S., of Caius College, Cambridge.] T. C.

SHULDHAM, MOLYNEUX, LORD SHULDHAM (1717?-1798), admiral, born about 1717, second son of the Rev. Samuel Shuldham, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Molyneux of Ballymulvy, co. Longford, entered the navy in 1732 as captain's servant on board the Cornwall, with Captain George Forbes (afterwards Earl of Granard and governor of co. Longford). He afterwards served in the Solebay with Captain Charles Fanshawe, and for upwards of four years in the Falkland with Fitzroy Henry Lee [g.v.] He passed his examination on 25 Jan. 17381739, being then described on his certificate as 'near twenty-two.' According to the statement in Charnock, he was not seventeen. On 31 Aug. 1739 he was promoted to be lieutenant of the Tilbury, one of the ships which went out to the West Indies with Sir Chaloner Ogle [q. v.], and took part in the unsuccessful attack on Cartagena in 1741. In 1742 he was first lieutenant of her when, on 21 Sept., she was set on fire in a drunken squabble between a marine and the purser's boy and burnt, with a large proportion of the ship's company. Shuldham, with the captain and other officers, was tried by courtmartial on 15 Oct., but was acquitted of all blame. On 12 May 1746 he was promoted to be captain of the Sheerness frigate, then employed on the coast of Scotland; in De

cember 1748 he was appointed to the Queenborough, and in March 1749 to the Unicorn. In October 1754 he was appointed to the Seaford, from which, in March 1755, he was moved to the Warwick of sixty guns, going out to the West Indies, where, near Martinique on 11 March 1756, she fell in with a French 74-gun ship and two frigates, which overpowered and captured her. War had not then been declared, but hostilities had been going on for several months, as Shuldham very well knew, and the story that he mistook the enemy's ships of war for merchantmen would be but little to his credit if there was any reason to suppose it true. He, with the crew of the Warwick, was sent to France, kept a prisoner at large at Poitiers for nearly two years, and returned to England in a cartel on 16 March 1758. A courtmartial acquitted him of all blame for the loss of the ship, and on 25 July 1758 he was appointed to the Panther, in which he joined Commodore Moore in the West Indies and took part in the reduction of Guadeloupe and its dependent islands, March to May 1759 [see MOORE, SIR JOHN, 1718-1779]. In July he was moved by Moore into the Raisonnable, which was lost on a reef of rocks at Fort Royal off Martinique as she was standing in to engage a battery on 8 Jan. 1762, when the island was attacked and reduced by Rear-admiral Rodney. In April Rodney appointed Shuldham to the Marlborough, from which a few days later he was moved by Sir George Pocock to the Rochester, and again by Rodney after a few weeks to the Foudroyant, in which he returned to England at the peace. In December 1766 he was appointed to the Cornwall guardship at Plymouth, and in November 1770 to the Royal Oak, then commissioned in consequence of the expected rupture with Spain. On 14 Feb. 1772 he was appointed commodore and commander-in-chief on the Newfoundland station, which office he held for three years, and on 31 March 1775 he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the white. At the general election in the following autumn he was returned to the House of Commons as member for Fowey, and on 29 Sept. was appointed commanderin-chief on the coast of North America from the river St. Lawrence to Cape Florida. He went out with his flag in the 50-gun ship Chatham, arriving at Boston on 30 Dec. after a passage of sixty-one days, having been promoted, on 7 Dec. while on the way out, to be vice-admiral of the blue. His work was limited to covering the operations of the troops, and preventing the colonial trade. In June 1776 he was superseded by

Lord Howe, and on 31 July was created a peer of Ireland by the title of Baron Shuldham. Early in 1777 he returned to England, and from 1778 to 1783 was portadmiral at Plymouth. He was promoted on 24 Sept. 1787 to be admiral of the blue, and on 1 Feb. 1793 to be admiral of the white. He died at Lisbon in the autumn of 1798. He left no issue, and the title became extinct.

[Charnock's Biogr. Nav. v. 505; Naval Chronicle (with a portrait after Dance), xxiii. 441; Gent. Mag. 1798, ii. 909; Commission and Warrant Books and official letters in the Public Record Office.] J. K. L.

SHUTE or SHUTTE, CHRISTOPHER (d. 1626), controversial writer, matriculated as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, in November 1561, and graduated B.A. in 15641565, M.A. in 1568, and B.D. in 1580. In 1576 he was appointed by the queen vicar of Giggleswick in Yorkshire, perhaps through the influence of George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland [q. v.] He was nominated on 24 Nov. 1599 a member of the commission for the suppression of schism within the province of York (RYMER, Fœdera, xvi. 387). He died at Giggleswick in 1626, leaving five sons -Nathaniel, Josias [q. v.], Robert, Thomas, and Timothy-who were all ordained ministers of the English church. Nathaniel, who was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, was well known as a preacher; on 24 Feb. 1613-14 he became rector of St. Mary Mores, London, and on 30 March 1618 he was transferred to St. Mildred, Poultry, where he died in 1638 (NEWCOURT, Repertorium, i. 404, 502; LLOYD, Memoires, 1668, p. 295).

The elder Shute was the author of: 1. 'A Compendious Forme and Summe of Christian Doctrine, called the Testimonie of a True Faith, meete for well disposed Families,' London, 1577 and 1579, under the initials C. S.; republished with Shutte's name on the title-page, 1581, 8vo, and in 1584, when it was dedicated to 'George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.' 2. A verie Godlie and necessary Sermon preached before the yong Countesse of Cumberland in the North, the 24 of November 1577. By Christopher Shutt. Imprinted at London by Christopher Barker.'

It is not improbable that Shutte was also the author of A Brief Resolution of a right Religion. Written by C. S.,' London, 1590; a work directed against Roman catholicism, much in the same strain as the 'Testimony of a True Faith.'

[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 285; Whitaker's History of Craven, pp. 166, 168, 169; Ames's Typogr Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 1115; Cat. of Early Printed Books in the British Museum; Bodleian Cat.]

E. I. C.

SHUTE, JOHN (A. 1550-1570), architect and limner, published in 1563 a work entitled 'The First and Chief Groundes of Architecture, used in all the Auncient and Famous Monyments, with a farther and more ample Discourse upon the same, than hitherto hath been set out by any other,' with a dedication to Queen Elizabeth (cf. ARBER, Transcript, i. 210). In the introduction to this work Shute describes himself as painter and architect,' and says that he had been in the service of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, who had sent him to Italy in 1550, and maintained him in his studies under the best architects. That Shute was also a limner or miniaturepainter of repute is shown by Heydock in his translation of Lomazzo's Art of Painting' (1598), where it is stated that 'limning, much used in former times in church-books, as also in drawing by the life in small models, of late years by some of our countrymen as Shoote, Betts, &c., but brought to the rare perfection we have seen, by the most ingenious, painful, and skilful master Nicholas Hilliard,' &c. Although Shute was one of the earliest native artists, and held in esteem by his contemporaries, no work of his can be authenticated.

SHUTE, JOHN (A. 1562-1573), translator, who would appear to have seen some military service abroad, was author of 1. 'Two very notable Commentaries, the one of the originall of the Turcks and Empire of the house of Ottomanno, written by Andrewe Cambini; and thother of the warres of the Turcke against George Scanderbeg, prince of Epiro, and of the great victories obteyned by the sayd George... translated oute of Italian,' London, by Rowland Hall for Humfrey Toye, 1562, b. 1.; dedicated to the high Admirall,' Sir Edward Fynes. There is a long preface by the translator on discipline and soldiery. Cambini's commentary was published in 1529. Shute says that he does not know the author of the history of Scanderbeg. 2. The firste parte of the Christian Instruction, and gererall Somme of the Doctrine, conteyned in the holy Scriptures. ... Translated into Englishe by John Shute, according to the late Copy set forth by th'author, Maister Peter Viret,' London, by John Day, 1565. Four of Viret's 'Dialogues' are translated. There is a long preface by Shute and a dedication to the Earl of Leicester, which apologises because a simple soldier, better practised abrode in martiall, matters than furnised at home with the cun

ning of the scoole,' attempts to translate theology. 3.A Christian Instruction, conteyning the Law and the Gospell. Also a Summarie of the Principall poyntes of the Christian fayth and Religion, and of the abuses and errors contrary to the same. Done in certayne Dialogues in french by M. Peter Viret, sometime minister of the word of God at Nymes in Province. Translated, London,' by Abraham Veale, 1573. This is a continuation of No. 2. It is dedicated by John Shoute, from London, 4 January,' to Elizabeth, countess of Lincoln, and contains an epistle to the Christian reader by Shute. The statement that Shute' published on Beza and some other theological tracts on the Sacraments' is probably an inaccurate reference to 2 and 3. He is to be distinguished from John Shute, architect and limner.

[Arber's Transcript, i. 178; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. ed. Dibdin, iv. 102, 361; Brit. Museum Libr. Cat.]

R. B.

SHUTE, afterwards SHUTE-BARRINGTON, JOHN, first VISCOUNT BARRINGTON (1678-1734). [See BARRINGTON.]

SHUTE, JOSIAS or JOSIAH (1588– 1643), archdeacon of Colchester, son of Christopher Shute [q. v.], vicar of Giggleswick, Yorkshire, was born there in 1588. After being educated at the grammar school in the village, he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1605, and M.A. 1609. He was instituted on 29 Nov. 1611, on the presentation of James I, to the rectory of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, where his eloquent and learned preaching was much appreciated by the royalist party. He remained there for thirty-three years. Fuller says he was the most precious jewel shewn in Lombard Street,' then the location of goldsmiths and jewellers, as now of bankers. From about June 1632 Shute acted as chaplain to the East India Company, preached thanksgiving and other sermons for them at St. Helen's, and protested against the reduction of mariners' wages (Cal. State Papers, Colonial, East Indies, and Persia, 1630-4, pp. 267, 419, 457, 468, 471,549, 552). Shute was appointed by Charles I to the archdeaconry of Colchester on 15 April 1642, and was chosen on 14 June 1643 by the houses of parliament a member of the Westminster assembly of divines, but died on 13 June 1643, before the first sitting. He was buried in St. Mary Woolnoth on the 14th (BROOKE and HALLEN, Transcript of the Registers of St. Mary Woolnoth, p. 222). Fuller, quoting' Persecutio Undecima,' 1648, 4to, a civil war tract, says he was 'molested and vext to death by the rebels, and