illustrated by an analysis of Mallet's beautiful ballad of Edwin and Emma; which is conducted with acutenefs and perfpicuity, and is certainly an excellent method of making the pupil is. timately acquainted with the fubject. The fecond chapter treats of the cafes or modes of nouns; by which, it is to be obferved, the author understands whatever may, by being placed before or after nouns, be equal to thofe terminations ufed in fome languages, which have been denominated cafes or inflections. Of thefe he diftinguishes feven, nominative, accufative, oblique, elliptical, vocative, interjective, redundant, and exemplifies them by a fecond refolution of Edwin and Emma. The poffeffive or genitive cafe of all former grammarians he utterly difcards, confidering it as a fort of adjective, like the words onion and brick in onion fauce and brick houfe; the s being a contraction of the german word es equivalent to that or the, and belonging to the latter noun as it's article. On this ingenious theory, as well as the manner in which he attempts to account for the anomalous phrase thos qubom, we fhall not haftily hazard a decifion; but fhall conclude by obferving, that this grammar is particularly well adapted for the ufe of thofe who have commenced, or are about to commence, the ftudy of latin. ART. XLI. Abrégé de la Grammaire Françoife, &c.-An Abridgement of the Abbé de Levizac's French Grammar. 8vo. 129 pages. Dulau and Co. 1798. Or Mr. de Levizac's French Grammar our readers will fee that we have fpoken in ftrong terms of approbation, if they will take the trouble to turn to Anal. Rev. vol. xxvi, p. 304. The abridgement now before us is made by the author himself, to ferve as an introduction to his former work, and alfo for the use of those, who are delirous, without entering deeply into french grammar, to become acquainted with it's general and fundamental rules, or who, having made a regular ftudy of the language, with occafionally to refresh their memories on it's effential principles. For each of thefe purposes it appears to be well adapted; and experience, we have no doubt, will foon afford the moit indubitable of all teftimonies in it's favour. ART. XLII. An English Key to Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates; literally tranflating the Passages which appear difficult to young Beginners; and explaining their grammatical Construction, Intended as an Introduction to confiruing the Greek Claffics into English without the Ufe of Latin. For the Ufe of Schools. 8vo, 281 pages. Price 5s. in boards. Matthews. 1797. THAT in a fyftem of claffical education the study of the greek language fhould take the lead, feems as natural, as that, in tracing the windings of a river, we fhould proceed from it's fource. But it has been our practice in this cafe, ever fince the restoration of learning, to ftrive against the ftream; and while matters continue in the fame train, it seems but fair, that boys should be allowed to avail themselves of what affistance they can derive from the know: ledge ledge of latin, which it has coft them fo much pains to acquire. To teach greek, without the least affistance from latin,' to one who has already ftudied the latter language, is not only unneceffary, but even impoffible; for the numerous and close analogies between the ftructure of both must and will prefent themfelves to every ftudent. Of latin verfions, however, we have already expreffed our difapprobation, and for thefe we think fuch performances as the prefent may prove an excellent fubftitute, as well as very ufeful in cafes, where the greek idiom is more happily elucidated by the english phrafeology. MISCELLANEOUS. A. C. ART. XLIII. A Narrative of the Sufferings and Efcape of Charles Jackfon, late Refident at Wexford in Ireland, including an Account, by way of Journal, of feveral barbarous Atrocities committed in June 1798, by the Irish Rebels in that Town, while it was in their Poffeffion, to the greater Part of which he was an Eye-witness. 82 pages. Price 2s. Wright. 1798. 12mo. MR. JACKSON tells us, that he was born in England, but repaired at a very early period of life to Ireland, married there, and in the beginning of the year 1797, fettled in Wexford, as a carver and gilder. The number of infurgents, who attacked that town, is computed at 15,000. On this occafion, he and his wife got on board a vessel in order to proceed to Wales, but no fooner was the place taken and a white flag difplayed, than the captain anfwered it by a fimilar Signal, and returned to the harbour. We paffed through crowds of the rebels,' fays he, who were in the most diforderly ftate, without the leaft appearance of difcipline. They had no kind of uniform, but were most of them in the drefs of labourers, white bands round their hats and green cockades*, being the only marks by which they were diftinguished. They made a moft fantastic appearance, many having decorated themfelves with parts of the apparel of ladies, found in houfes which they had plundered. Some wore ladies hats and feathers; others caps, bonnets, and tippets. From the military which were routed, they had alfo collected fome clothing, which added to the motley fhow. Their arms confifted chiefly of pikes, of an enormous length, the handles of many of them being fixteen or eighteen feet long. Some carried rufty mufkets. They were ac companied by a great number of women fhouting and huzzaing for the Croppies, and crying, who now dare fay, " Croppies, lie down?" alluding to a popular fong. It was impoffible for a mob to be more wild and frantic-many of the men feemed in a state of intoxication.' Mr. Jackfon relates many atrocities, part of which he himself witnessed; it is to be obferved however, that his prejudices are very ftrong, particularly refpecting the rotnan catholics. * Green has been adopted as an emblem by the irish rebels, with a reference to the trefoil, or hamrack! ART ART. XLIV. Buonaparte in Egypt: or, an Appendix to the Enquiry into bis fuppofed Expedition to the Eaft. By Eyles Irwin, Efq. 8vo. 23 pages. Price Is. 6d. Dublin, printed; London, reprinted for Nicol. 1798. We have already noticed the pamphlet, to which this is intended as an appendix, [fee the laft number of our Rev. pa. 324] and detailed the opinions of the author. Mr. I. now allows, that, after the most difcouraging difficulties, Buonaparte has obtained confiderable fuccefs in Egypt: but he ftill thinks, that the chances are against his final fuccefs, and on this occafion he reverts to a former period of the french history: P. 9. And here the fate of a fimilar expedition, incited by fimilar motives, muft occur to the reader-the crufade into Egypt under St. Lewis of France! The rage of that day was to recover the holy places and to chriftianize the infidels! and what is the prefent but a crufade, to rob the turks of a rich acquifition, and to revolutionize a fervile and mixed race of mahometans and copts? St. Lewis failed, to the great happinefs of his country, in his fuperflitious adventure; the fuccefs of Buonaparte is not more likely to contribute to the power or commerce of democratic France. If we turn to the ingenious and elegant Savary, whose travels convey no lefs amufement than inftruction, we find that St. Lewis reached the mouth of the Nile with a fleet of 1,800 fail of transports and fhips of war. The force contained in fuch an armament muft, at leaft, have exceeded four times the numbers of Buonaparte's army. Damietta, the key of the eastern branch of the Nile, though ftrongly fortified and garrifoned, was taken by affault, and with little lois to the victors; and a circumftance favoured their march to Cairo, which was wanting, and has proved the chief obftacle, to Buonaparte. The french monarch arrived early in june, before the inundation and when the Nile was at the loweft; the general, when the inundation had probably taken place, and the Delta was a fheet of water. One falfe ftep loft all thefe advantages to St. Lewis; and a fimilar one may blaft the ripening projects of Buonaparte. The king waited unluckily for a reinforcement under the count of Poitiers. The republican general, from the comparative fmallness of his force and the loffes it must have fuftained, muft of neceffity wait for fupplies to preferve his new acquifitions. To open a communication with the fea, fuch detachments must be made from his main army as to reduce it, in my idea, to 10,000 men at utmoft! We will admit them to be lions, but they are lions in the toils; furrounded by as brave and perfevering hunters, in the hovering hordes of arabs, as ever attacked the king of heafts in the neighbouring deferts. At Manfura, not a fourth part of the road to the capital, St. Lewis was first endangered and his career ter...inated. The new fultan, Touran Shah, difplayed as much fkill as courage in his unceafing attacks on the french camp, which was defended with the moft heroic spirit and conftancy: but the deftruction of their cavalry expofed their lines to the arab horfe, and the capture of their fleet of boats cut off all hope of fucccur. In this extremity they endea voured to fight back their way to Damietta; but at Farefcour, about 9 half half the distance, after exhibiting prodigies of valour, St. Lew's and the remains of his army, amounting to 10,000 men, were obliged to furrender themselves prifoners of war; and to relinquish, on the part of France, all further attempts on Egypt, till that now on foot under the aufpices of Buonaparte.' Soon after this, Mr. I. inquires, is Egypt likely to be the prifon or the grave of Buonaparte and his army?' In reply to this, he obferves, that Alexander with a fmaller force fet out on his conqueft of the world; and that the borders of the Nile might have been the first theatre, on which Buonaparte wifhed to exhibit his valour and talents to the eastern hemifphere. He prefumes, however, that India is fecure, both by nature and art, from the effects of this ir ruption, and that the form mult spend itself at a distance from that favoured and fecluded region, if the commanders of his majefty's fleet, and the governors of the company's fettlements, but barely perform their duty.' After afferting, that the company's naval force alone might easily defeat fuch an expedition as that ftill faid to be meditated, either at Suez, Mocha, or the ftraits of Babelmandel, and deprecating the idea of a falfe fecurity at home, Mr. I. concludes thus: F. 21. We are arrived at times, when probabilities are no longer to be weighed, but measures to be adopted against feeming impoffibilities. Buonaparte's appearance in Egypt has put calculation to the blush; and his reaching the coast of India, is only wanting to make us dubioas of every thing, but the fuccefs of thefe marauders, in the breach of all faith, and the contempt of all rule and experience! Let the company, let the nation, be aware of the cataftrophe. Though the prefent moment be unfavourable to him, Buonaparte may fo far fucceed in his views, as to establish himself in Egypt. If the plague fpare what his prowess and military genius may preferve from the fword, a year or two may produce a revolution at fea, to enable him to build and collect veffels for his projected expedition. An admiral, whom I am proud to call my friend, has been long appointed to the indian ftation. What delays the failing of fir John Colpoys? and why are his local knowledge and enterprising talents fo long withheld from the threatened fcene of action? If a pass be once made over the gulf that feparates Egypt and India, by the undaunted perfeverance of Buonaparte, the charm will be diffolved, and our poffeffions contefted. No lefs fatal will it prove to the british grandeur, than the bridge which Satan threw over Chaos, to mankind, where "Sin and death amain Following his track, fuch was the will of heaven, MILTON.' ART. XLV. Reply to Irwin: or, The Feasibility of Buonaparte's fuppofed Expedition to the Eaft, exemplified. By an Officer in the Service of the East-India Company. 8vo. 53 pages. Pr. 1s. 6d. Cadell and Davies. 1798. W & WE have already noticed the pamphlet to which this is intended as an answer [fee the last number of our Rev.], and alfo the appendix to it [fee the preceding article]. The dangers, the difficulties, the nearly infurmountable obftacles, to which an expedition to the Eaft is fubject, are all ably detailed in thefe two publications in the moft glowing language, and moft animated defcription. Here, on the contrary, many of them vanish, and all are diminished. The author very juftly obferves, that the late brilliant nava! victory can have but little effect on the operations of the hero of Italy: P. 10. For if, as I truft it will be admitted,' fays he, the continuance of the french fleet in the Mediterranean could not have accelerated or co-operated in the measure of pushing forward a divifion of the army to the coafts of the Red Sea from Grand Cairo, how, it may be afked, can the defeat of that fleet fruftratè fuch an enterprife? Neither could its continuance on the fouthern coaft of Egypt have aided their embarkation at, and progrefs from, Suez. It certainly might have operated to keep the natives in awe immediately on the coafts where it fhewed itfelf, but it is not likely to have deterred the inhabitants of the interior from oppofing the french army, provided they were difpofed to do fo. The inference then that I would draw, with refpect to the effect of this victory on Buonaparte's expedition is, (provided it be a part of his plan to get to India,) that the fituation of the french army, rendered more defperate by the intercourfe with the mother-country being interrupted, the general may feel the neceffity of hazarding every thing in a prompt attempt to reach the fhores of Afia by a coup de main, which in every respect is the most likely, and perhaps the only plan by which he can hope for fuccefs to his views for if he delays until the british governments of India are perfectly prepared for his arrival, the valour of the armies in that country, (which, though but poorly appreciated in Great Britain, needs not the teftimony of my humble pen to hand its achievements down to pofterity amongst the foremost ranks of british heroifm and glory,) and the neceflary augmentation that will, it is prefumed, take place in the eftabliments there, to receive with all due attention fuch a magnanimous vifitor, will in all probability produce the effect of blaft ing, in the tropical regions of Afia, all thofe laurels which he plucked from the more genial foil of Italy. The natural and other difficulties, predicted as terrific obftacles to the progrefs of the french army at Cairo, have all been furmounted with a fpirit of enterprife and celerity that has feldom been exceeded. The debarkation of an army of more than 22,000 fighting men, with all their neceflary train of followers, baggage, ftores, guns, &c. &c. has been effected in a foreign country, the important pofts of Alexandria, Rofetta, and Damietta taken by affault, garrifons eftablished in those places, the civil government of them in fome measure organifed and confirmed; and the capital of Egypt, containing upwards of 400,000 inhabitants, has been triumphantly taken poffeffion of by an invading army, in nearly as fhort a fpace of time as would be required by any body of troops, under the coincidence of every favourable 5 |