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compassion for his unhappy master, is said to have dropped some expressions in the king's last illness, which reached the conscience of that merciless prince; and to have caused the remains of his estate, which had been much dismembered, to be restored to him.*

ELYNOR RUMMIN (or ELEYNOUR of RUMMYNG), an old, ill-favoured woman, holding a black pot in her hand; a wooden print: frontispiece to one of Skelton's pieces, called by her name: under the print are these lines: (very rare.)

"When Skelton wore the lawrel crowne,

My ale put all the ale-wives downe." 4to.

There are good copies of this by Richardson and Baynes. Elynor Rummin lived, and sold ale, near Leatherhead in Surrey.+ Skelton was probably one of her best customers. The contemptible works of this poet, which contain little beside coarse obscenity and low ribaldry, were reprinted in octavo, 1736.

I shall here, and at the end of most of the subsequent reigns, take occasion to introduce a few remarks on the dress and fashions of the times, as they occur to me, without any design of being particular.

In the reign of Richard II. the peaks, or tops, of shoes and boots were worn of so enormous a length, that they were tied to the knees. A law was made in the same reign, to limit them to two inches.

Bulwer, who published his "Artificial Changling" about 1650, mentions the revival of this fashion. "To wear our forked shoes almost as long again as our foot; but our boots and shoes are so long snouted, that we can hardly kneel in God's house."

Hats were invented at Paris, 1404, by a Swiss: they were manufactured by Spaniards, in London, in the reign of Henry VIII.: before this, both men and women in England wore close-knit woollen caps.

We are informed by several antiquaries, that in the time of Anne, Richard's queen, the women of quality first wore trains, which oc

In the wardrobe account of Henry VIII. in the fourth vol. of the Archæologia, page 249, is an account of the dresses made for Will. Sommers. + Aubrey's" Antiquities of Surrey."

Baker's Chron. p. 310.

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casioned a well-meaning author to write "contra Caudas Dominarum. The same queen introduced sidesaddles.+ Before, the English ladies rode as the French do at present; and as it is presumed the English will again, if some woman of beauty, rank, and spirit, one of the charioteers, for instance, should set the example.‡ Ladies who throw a whip, and manage a pair of horses, to admiration, would doubtless ride a single one with equal grace and dexterity. It is strange that, in a polished age, the French have not been followed in so safe, so natural, and so convenient a practice.

The variety of dresses worn in the reign of Henry the Eighth, may be concluded from the print of the naked Englishman, holding a piece of cloth, and a pair of shears, in Borde's "Introduction to Knowledge." The dress of the king and the nobles, in the beginning of this reign, was not unlike that worn by the yeomen of the guard at present. This was, probably, aped by inferior persons. It is recorded, "that Anne Bolen wore yellow mourning for Catharine of Arragon."||

As far as I have been able to trace the growth of the beard from portraits, and other remains of antiquity, I find that it never flourished more in England, than in the century preceding the Norman conquest. That of Edward the Confessor was remarkably large, as appears from his seal in Speed's "Theatre of Great Britain." After the Conqueror took possession of the kingdom beards became unfashionable, and were probably looked upon as badges of disloyalty, as the Normans wore only whiskers. It is said, that the English spies took those invaders for an army of priests, as they appeared to be without beards.

Vide "Collectanea Historica ex Dictionario Theologico Thomæ Gascoignii," subjoined to Walter Hemingford, published by Hearne, p. 512.

↑ Rossi "Warwicensis Historica," p. 205.

Sesostris like, such charioteers as these

May drive six harness'd monarchs, if they please.-YOUNG.
See Class IX.

"Anecdotes of Painting." The same circumstance is in Hall's "Chronicle," with the addition of Henry's wearing white mourning for the unfortunate Anne Bolen. Crimson would have been a much more suitable colour. See Hall, p. 227, 228.

APPENDIX

ΤΟ

THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII.

FOREIGN PRINCES,

WHO WERE KNIGHTS OF THE GARTER, &c.

CAROLUS V. Imperator, &c. Æneas Vicus Parmensis sc. adorned with trophies and emblematical figures; wood-cut, MDL.

This famous print raised the reputation of the engraver, and procured him a considerable reward from Charles himself.

CAROLOUS V. Imperator, &c. Eneas Vicus Parmensis; same design as the last, 1550.

CAROLOUS V. Imperator, &c. Nich. de la Casa Lotharingus fec. the reverse way of the last.

4to.

CAROLUS V. Lombart sc.

Frontispiece to his Life,

The original, from which this last is engraved, is marked with B. B. near the top on the left hand, and is very rare.

Both these prints represent him older than when he was in England.

CAROLUS V. Frisius sc.

CHARLES V. in an oval. P. Soutman. Francois.

CAROLUS V. in armour, very fine folio. Titian and Rubens.

CAROLUS V. with his dog. Titian; Ferselma; 1778.
CAROLUS V. profile, large oval, wood-cut, rare.

CHARLES V. on horseback. Vandyke; Richard Earlom, mezz. half sheet.

and 1522.

Charles V. emperor of Germany and king of Spain, is said to have been a great politician at sixteen years of age. But it is certain that his genius, which was solid and very extraordinary, was not of the quickest growth. His wars, and his vast designs, which were known to every one conversant with history, are now better known than ever, by the work of an historian that does the greatest honour to the Scots nation. He came to England twice in this reign, to In 1550, visit the king, to whom he paid his court as the arbiter of Europe; as Henry then held the balance between him, and Francis I. of France. Tired of those active and busy scenes in which he had been long engaged, he, in the latter part of his life, resigned his kingdoms to his brother and his son, and retired into a monastery. He was thought to have been very strongly inclined to the religion which he persecuted. Some days before his death, he commanded his funeral procession to pass before him in the same order as it did after his decease. Ob. 21 Sept. 1558. He was elected knight of the garter in the reign of Henry VII. and personally installed at Windsor, 1522.

FERDINANDUS, D. G. Rom. Imp. a large medallion; in the "Continuation of Golzius's Series of the Emperors."

FERDINAND I. Et. 29, 1531. B. B. probably a companion to Charles V.

FERDINANDUs Dei Gratia Romanorum, &c. One of the set by F. Hogenberg, quarto.

FRANCOIS I. Du Rom. &c. Thomas de Leu; octavo. Ferdinand was brother to Charles V. and his successor in the empire. He was elected knight of the garter the 23d of April, 1522, when he was archduke of Austria, and king of the Romans.

About 200,000 men are said to have been killed, upon the account of religion in the reign of this prince.

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Though, from the spirit of the times, his engagements with Charles, and the necessity of his affairs, he was frequently impelled to war, but was more inclined to cultivate the arts of peace, which were better suited to the gentleness of his disposition. It must, however, be acknowledged, that his rigorous treatment of Prague was an instance of severity more suitable to the sternness of his brother's character than his own natural temper, and that it did him no honour. He died in 1564, and on the 2d of October there was a solemn obsequy for him in St. Paul's church, London.

FRANCISCUS I. &c. Franc. Rex. Tire d'un tableau de Raphael, conservé à Fontainebleau. One of the series of the kings of France, from Clovis I. to Louis XIII. inclusive, taken from medals,* tombs, and paintings, published by Jaques de Bie, 1633; fol. There is a portrait of him in the Crozat collection, after Titian. FRANCISCUS I. Boizet; Possart; 8vo.

FRANCIS I. Titian; J. Heath; 1792.

FRANCISCUS I. Id. Boutrois sc. in Mus. Napoleon, 4to. 1809.

Francis I. who was elected knight of the garter, 2 Oct. 19 Hen. VIII. was a prince of uncommon genius and spirit, and of many amiable qualities. He was a great check to the dangerous ambition of Charles V. by whom he was taken prisoner at the battle of Pavia. His brave, though unequal, struggle with that powerful monarch, helped greatly to preserve the liberties of Europe. He was embroiled in several wars with Henry VIII. which were at length amicably concluded. The magnificent, or, to speak more properly, the romantic interview of Henry and Francis, in the Valley of Cloth of Gold, near Ardres in Picardy, has been described by several of our historians. Ob. 31 Mar. 1547. His reign was the principal era of the arts in France.

PIERRE DU TERRAIL, Chev'. de Bayard. J. Ficquet.

The series of medals of the kings of France are the most numerous and considerable of all the modern.

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