114. A vast variety of subtle and delicate phases of speech can be obtained by the skilful use of the auxiliary verbs. The ordinary moods of desire, entreaty, subjection, and command are thus expressed; and the use of participles or infinitives, in conjunction with other verbs, and especially with the auxiliary verbs, makes various combinations which, in languages belonging to other families, particularly the Áryan, are made by the frequent employment of prepositions. Some of these forms will presently be shown; but it is necessary first to give some account of the chief auxiliary verbs. These are o unḍu, to be, ↔ au, to become, ∞ kalugu, to exist or to be, and Le valayu, to wish. néru, to be able, e tsálu, to suffice, é tagu, to fit, are also used as auxiliary verbs. 115. Most of these verbs are so exceedingly useful, and occur so frequently in everyday speech, that their principal parts are now given, and it will then be shown how intimately they are connected with the formation in Telugu of the usual compound moods and tenses of the English verbs. 117. There is another form of the past tense, which is constantly used for the present. In fact, it is the real present, and is the root and groundwork of the formation of the present tense in all varieties of the verb. It is evidently formed from unna, the contracted form of the past relative participle, with the usual pronominal affixes. It is as follows: |