This auxiliary, when combined with a past participle, is translated by the verb to have; and, when with the present participle, by the verb to be.

15. The verb चल, go, may serve as an example of a perfectly regular verb.

Imperative for the Second Person Singular.

Hindi.

Braj Bhdkha.

चल

| चल 80.

चलना

Infinitive and Gerund.

चलनों, चलनौ, or चलवी to go, or

| or

(the act of) going.

Past Participle.

चला or चला हुआ, ] चल्यौ or चल्यौ भयौ gone.

चला भया

Present Participle.

चलता or चलता | चलत, चलतु, चलतौ or चलत भयौ, हुआ, चलता भया चलतु भयौ going.

Past Conjunctive Participle.

चल, चले, चलके, | चल, चलि, चलई, चले, चलके, चलिके,

चलकर, चलक रके,

or चलकरकर

चलकर, चलकरके, or चलकरकर having gone.

Hindi.

PAST TENSES.

(1.) Simple (or Indefinite) Past Tense.

SINGULAR.

Braj Bhâkhâ.

मैं चला चल्यौ I went (or did go)

तू चला चल्यौ thou wentest.

वह चला चल्यौ he went.

Hindi.

PLURAL.

Hindi. Braj Bhâkhâ.

हम चले चले we went.
तुम चले चले ye went.
वे चले चले they went.

(2.) Pluperfect Tense.

मैं चला था I had gone.

SINGULAR.

तू चला था thou hadst gone. वह चला था he had gone.

Hindi.

हम चले थे we had gone. तुम चले थे ५९ had gone.

वे चले थे they had gone.

Braj Bhâkhâ. -चल्यौ हो I had gone. चल्यो हो thou hadst gone. चल्यौ हो he had gone.

(3.) Compound (or Definite) Past Tense.

Hindi.

मैं चला हूं I have gone.

SINGULAR.

तू चला है thou hast gone. वह चला है he has gone.

Braj Bhakha. चल्यौ हौं I have gone. चल्यौ है thou hast gone.. चल्यो है he has gone.

' Or चल्यौ होतो, throughout the singular.

2 The word, if, is generally prefixed to the conditional. When such a word as काष, would that, is prefixed, the tense has the force of an optative.

1 The present, preceded by a conditional or optative particle,

is much used in the same sense as the past conditional.