XIX. CHAP. In gratitude for this kindness, a decree of the Antandrian people gave the freedom of their city to all the people of Syracuse. Xen. Hel. 1. 1. c. 1. . 18. 8. 19. Meanwhile Syracuse, led by faction, was preparing a most ungrateful return for its meritorious officers. Hermocrates and his collegues, for he had not been intrusted alone with the chief command, were not only superseded, but, without a trial, without an opportunity to speak for themselves, and while they were ignorant even that they were accused, banishment was decreed against all. The news of their being deprived of the rights of citizens, in their own country, reached them just as their good deeds had procured an extension of the rights of citizenship to every one of their fellowcountrymen; a privilege indeed little likely to be very advantageous to many individuals, but honorable to the commonwealth, as well as to the generals and army for whose sake it was given. The troops and seamen were called together, and Hermocrates spoke, for himself and his collegues, Irregular as the proceedings ' against them,' he said, had been, and unjust as the condemnation, they should nevertheless submit to the voice of their country; and, as 'their legal authority was abrogated, and their appointed successors not arrived, it would be proper for the armament to elect their own com 'manders for the interval.' His speech was answered with shouts from the soldiers and seamen, declaring their approbation of the conduct of their present generals, and their indignation at the illegal sentence against them. The principal officers not only declined to offer themselves for the command, but in the name of the whole armament, desired that Hermocrates and his VIII. collegues would hold it till the new generals should SECT. arrive. These, in reply, admonished to avoid whatever might bear any appearance of sedition. The ' time will come,' they said, 'when, in a constitu'tional manner, we shall desire your honest support 'to us against a malicious prosecution. You will 'then declare how many battles you have fought, 'how many ships you have taken, what general success has attended you under our command; ' and you will relate the testimony of the whole 'confederate armament to your merit and ours, 'manifested in the post of honor which has been 'constantly assigned to us, upon all occasions, by " sea and land.' The admonition had the full effect Xen. Hel. proposed from it. Nothing disorderly insued. A unanimous declaration only was made, that the generals were without blame, and the request was persisted in, that they would hold the command till their appointed successors arrived. Soon afterward Demarchus, Myscon, and Potames, came from Syracuse, and the command passed into their hands without any commotion. The armament however showed that they would not have suffered any violence to the persons of their former generals; and most of the trierarcs entered into an agreement, upon oath, to exert themselves, on returning to Syracuse, for procuring their restoration to their country. History affords few examples of so warm an attachment, in an armament, to the persons of their generals, united with so just a consideration of the welfare of the country, and of the constitutional authority of those to whose party principles they were adverse, and with whose measures they were highly and justly dissatisfied. Hermocrates, dismissed from his command, was still capable of serving the 1. 1. c. 1. s. 20. XIX. 1. 1. c. 1. $.22. CHAP. common cause, and of promoting those measures for ruining the power of Athens, for which he had Xen. Hel. long been zealous. He went to Lacedæmon, where he was honorably received, and he explained to the government there the state of things in Asia; particularly the conduct, the character, and the designs of the Persian satraps, the frank generosity of Pharnabazus, and the crafty interestedness of Tissaphernes". Having thus confirmed the resolution to carry on the war, and opened views to the means, and at the same time strengthened his own interest among the principal men of Lacedæmon, which might be important toward the promotion of his views at Syracuse, he returned to Asia, where Pharnabazus received him with distinguished friendship. Not waiting for solicitation, the generous Persian was forward to relieve his wants and promote his wishes; especially giving money unasked. Hermocrates, thus furnished with means, prepared triremes and hired seamen, to assist the common cause in which already he had shown so much zeal and ability; and to assist afterward, if occasion should be, the party with which he was connected in his own country, and promote his restoration. 22 In consequence of the defective connection, already noticed, of the beginning of the narrative of Xenophon with the end of that of Thucydides, it seems not perfectly clear whe ther a second journey of Hermocrates to Lacedæmon is here intended, or the account relates only to that before noticed from Thucydides. SECTION IX. Effects of the Naval Successes of the Athenians. Reinforcement under Thrasyllus: His Transactions on the Ionian Coast. Winter Campain of Alcibiades. Defeat of Pharnabazus. Weakness of the Lacedæmonian Administration. IX. Ol. 91. 2. Winter. 8. 23. THE affairs of Lacedæmon were at this time ill-ad- SECT. ministered; while Athens, so lately supposed ruined in Sicily, and since upon the point of bringing B.C. 8. destruction upon herself, was again raised toward a superiority over the Peloponnesian confederacy tho the Peloponnesian confederacy was supported by the wealth of Persia. The effects of returning Xen. Hel. prosperity spred: a party in Thasus, in the Athe- 1. 1. c. 2. nian interest, rose upon the Lacedæmonian harmost, and expelled him, together with those citizens who principally favored the Peloponnesian cause. Pasippidas, who had been sent from Lacedæmon to take the command-in-chief on the Asiatic station, and had collected a small squadron at Chios, was accused of being privy to the revolt induced by bribes from Tissaphernes. What interest of Tissaphernes this measure was to promote, does not appear; but the accusation so far had credit at Sparta, that Pasippidas was recalled and banished, and Cratesippidas was sent to succeed him in the command. About the same time an occurrence within Attica itself, otherwise little important, contributed to raise 9.24. the spirits of the Athenian people, and to confirm the hope which had begun to revive among them, that they should be finally superior in the war. Agis, marching out of Deceleia for plunder, approached Athens. Thrasyllus, taking the command as a general of the establishment, led out the whole force of the city, and formed for battle near the XIX. CHAP. gymnasium of the Lyceium. Agis had apparently not expected such a measure, only because in the whole course of the war the Athenians had hitherto avoided it. Being probably now not strong enough prudently to meet their numbers, he withdrew hastily; and the Athenian light-armed, following his retreat, made some slaughter of his rear. Great credit was given to Thrasyllus for his conduct on this occasion. The reinforcement for the armament in the Hellespont, which it was his principal business in Athens to request, was voted with alacrity; a thousand heavy-armed, a hundred horse, and fifty triremes; and he was authorized to select the heavyarmed from among the citizens inrolled for that service. To give more security then to the communication by sea from Athens eastward, particularly with Euboea, and perhaps to afford some protection to the silver-mines of Laureium, Thoricum, near the Suniad promontory, was fortified, and a garrison established there. Agis, not a prince of shining abilities, had however the merit of diligence in his command. On his first appointment, he seems to have been highly satisfied with it; but the late turn in the fortune of war, in favor of Athens, was likely to render it less agreeable. Hitherto he had had a decided superiority all Attica was either under his orders, or liable to the terror of his arms; and even the glory of conqueror of Athens seemed within his hope. But should the Athenians acquire a decided superiority in the Hellespont and on the Asiatic coast; should Alcibiades then return with his powerful fleet and troops flushed with conquest; and should the Persian satrap not furnish money to inable the Lacedæmonians to maintain, together with a powerful fleet, such a force through the year in Deceleia, as the |