monston and Douglas, 1861); Maccullock's Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland (1824), vol. iv. 427.; Pennant's Voyage to the Hebrides (1774), pp. 246. 254., &c.; Anderson's Guide to the Highlands, p. 497.; Cordiner's Antiquities of the North of Scotland (1780), &c. CUTHBERT Bede.

THE LIFE AND Ages of Man (2nd S. xi. 408.)— I have not seen the print on this subject in the British Museum referred to by MR. REDMOND, but I well recollect when a boy seeing at least two of these broadsides, one in the parish of Torryburn, in Fife, and the other in the adjoining parish of Culross, and both in the cottages of the peasantry. One of them I had occasion to see very often, and used to study it with mixed feelings of wonder and awe. The engravings and letter-press were of the rudest description, and the whole print was nearly as MR. REDMOND represents it. It was in the form of a staircase, commencing at the bottom, on the left, with the figure of a child in a cradle, and gradually ascending with a delineation of the various stages of life, represented by corresponding figures till the age of fifty was reached as a culminating point. From this the allegorical stairs descended in a similar manner to the right, reaching at the foot the age of a hundred, represented by a figure in a coffin. Each stage had one or two couplets appended, and also the figure of some animal, emblematic of the particular period of life delineated. I only recollect those of the lamb, as indicative of childhood; the goat of wayward youth, and the ass of the old man of ninety, bent double. Beneath the principal group was a smaller one, exhibiting, if my memory serves me rightly, an allegorical delineation of the world and its vices, represented by various figures (I recollect particularly a female figure, with a cup), and surmounted by the semicircular motto "Resist the Devil, and he will flee far from you." I suspect this curious print must have frequently formed a part of the pedlar's stock in trade in the olden time, and commanded a ready sale, as a moral and edifying adornment of the cottage wall. I dare say it would be rather difficult now to procure a copy. The owners of the prints above referred to were old people, now dead. D. B.

Glasgow.

BLIGHT (2nd S. xi. 368.)—This term is used in a general manner for any disease which curls up or discolours the leaves or blossoms of cultivated plants. The causes are various, and appear to be well, although briefly discussed in the Penny Cyclopædia, articles BLIGHT, MILDEW, and APHIS. Blight and other diseases of wheat are treated of in British Husbandry (U. K. S., vol. ii. ch. 10. p. 156.); and the authorities quoted are Sir Joseph Banks, Sir John Sinclair, Main's Vegetable Physiology, &c. Mr. Lewis, in the first number of

QUEEN CATHARINE'S LETTER (2nd S. xi. 368. 457.)—I trust your correspondent will not think me uncourteous for expressing my regret that he should not have read the two versions of the letter upon which he has commented. Had he done so, he would have seen that Burnet's inaccuracy is not a sufficient account of the variations.

Burnet took it from a copy in the Gresham library, which I understand was burnt when the Royal Exchange was destroyed by fire.

Miss Strickland's varies from Burnet's so materially as to show that it has been printed from another copy. It is not likely, I think, that she copied it so long as thirty years ago, about which time the Gresham copy is said to have perished.

She has been guilty of great inaccuracy in another letter, which I have had occasion to collate; and my first impression was, that she had purposely modernised this letter a little. This, however, is manifestly not the case; and I am anxious to discover the copy (perhaps the original) from which she printed. NICHOLAS POCOCK.

CHANCELS (2nd S. xi. 412.)-I beg to express my best thanks to MR. WILLIAMS for so kindly responding to the appeal that I took the liberty of making to him. I must confess that, notwithstanding the authoritative manner in which the symbolism theory has been proclaimed, I always had my misgivings about it, and the reasons urged against it by MR. WILLIAMS appear to me to be conclusive.

I think, however, it must be acknowledged that the authority of Pugin is on the other side.

It is true that one day, while examining a tumble-down old church in Leicestershire, he is stated to have expressed himself as if he looked upon the theory as a pack of nonsense. But on that occasion, I cannot help fancying that, on being interrogated by a looker-on, he answered carelessly, he knew not what. His answer is described as being characteristic, and so perhaps it was; but it certainly is very much at variance with the well-considered expression of his opinion in conversation with Mr. Robinson (2nd S. xi. 34.)

What MR. WILLIAMS says about the disposition of the edifice depending upon the position of the priest, appears to afford an explanation of what I could not before make out. In some churchesin the Cathedral of Besançon, for instance- there are two apses, one at each end, and if my memory is correct, an altar in each apse; and in

2nd S. XI. JUNE 22. '61.]

this case I conclude that the priest officiating in the western apse would stand so as to look over MEMOR. the altar, facing the people.

CONTENTS OF OLD BOOK COVERS (2nd S. viii. 510.) A former number contained an account of

the discovery of sundry gold pieces within the boards of a folio volume in the Lincoln Cathedral Library. The Stamford Mercury of May 31 records a similar find as having taken place in London :"On Friday the Rev. Mr. Ambrose, of Park Street, Regent's Park, purchased a parcel of theological books at a stall in Holborn. Amongst them was a work entitled, A Christen Exhortacion unto Customable Swearers, by Miles Coverdale, black letter, printed by Nicholas Hill, without date, but supposed to be 1535. On inspecting the volume he discovered seven guineas of the reign of George I., as well as a letter, which, however, did not refer to the money, nor the reason for placing it in its 'secret hiding place,' sewed up in the cover."

K. P. D. E.

"Solomon Gundy,
Born of a Monday,
Christened o' Tuesday,

Asked Church o' Wednesday,

Married o' Thursday,

Took bad o' Friday,

Died o' Saturday,

Buried o' Sunday.

So there was an end of Solomon Gundy."

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well known. Judas, the betrayer, was always pourtrayed with a red beard" as the dissembling colour," - and the maligners of Martin Luther have a stock calumny against him, as confessing a commerce with Satan in person, because he figutions to open undeniable sin and seductions to ratively expresses the difference between sugges sin, which disguise themselves in the shape of duties or allowable actions, by saying that the Evil One used sometimes to come to him as a black devil, and sometimes as a white one. A. B. R.

SIR WILLIAM DE LANCEY (2nd S. xi. 408.) – In 1815, shortly before the battle of Waterloo, Sir William was married to Magdalen, daughter of Sir James Hall of Dunglass, co. Haddington, Bart. by Lady Helen Douglas, second daughter of Dunbar, fourth Earl of Selkirk, and she was sister to Captain Basil Hall, R.N. She accompanied her husband, who was Quarter-Master General to the British Army, to Belgium, and was with him when he died from wounds received at the battle of Waterloo. In 1819 she became the first wife of Henry Harvey, of St. Audrie's, co. Somerset, Esq., by whom she had a son, who died young, and two daughters, still living. Mrs. Harvey died in 1822, aged twenty-eight years, and was buried PATONCE. at Salcombe Regis, co. Devon.

CURIOSITY OF THE CENSUS (2nd S. xi. 407.) — The following extract from a newspaper (The Union) is perhaps deserving of a place in "N. & Q.":

66

The Census returns show that there is one parish in England which has increased its population during the last decennial period by no less than 100 per cent.

"The parish of Aldrington, near Brighton, was the only parish that returned in the census of 1851 a single unit of population. The parish is entirely agricultural, and was for centuries without a house. When the road from Brighton to Shoreham was made a turnpike, it pleased the trustees of the road to erect a toll-bar in the parish; and the toll-house, of course, had an occupant. Thus the parish became inhabited; and the census, 1851 The census of 1861 shows a gave the population as '1.' population of the same parish of 2; an increase, as we have said, of 100 per cent. The pikeman has taken to himself a wife."

Thus far The Union; but it occurs to me that the census of 1871 may possibly show a more wonderful advance, even to 1000 per cent. It is well for Malthus that he is no longer J. P. O. amongst us.

THE GIPSY LANGUAGE (2nd S. xi. 129.) — In the List of Books published by Bernard Quaritch, 15. Piccadilly, London, I see the title of a book of gipsy slang, entiled De Jydske Zigeunere oger Rotvelsk Ordbog, 12mo., bds., 2s. 6d.; Kjöb, 1837. From the title, it appears the book is printed at Copenhagen; and, no doubt, the gipsy words EDWIN ARMISTEAD. are translated into Danish.

Leeds.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa; with Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the People, and the Chace of the Gorilla, Crocodile, Leopard, Elephant, Hippopotamus, and other Animals. By Paul B. Du Chaillu. With Map and Engravings. (Murray.)

By this time most of our readers have doubtless, like the fast young lady in Punch, "read the Gorilla Book," so that in chronicling the publication of a second edition of M. Du Chaillu's most interesting narrative"Of moving accidents by flood and field,Of antres vast, and deserts idle,

Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose heads touch heaven,

And of the cannibals that each other eat,"

we need do little more than call attention to his new preface, in which he gives a chronological table of his various journeys. This may and probably will not satisfy those, who say with the Duke in Othello

"... to vouch this is no proof

Without more certain and more overt test; " but that test is surely to be found in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. In the pages of those Proceedings will be found extracts from private letters written by him while in Africa in 1856, 1857, and 1858, and which letters contain descriptions of new objects of Natural History discovered by him; and the value of these new discoveries cannot be better established than in the words of Professor Owen, who, after speaking in the highest terms of the traveller himself, proceeds to say: "His collection is the most interesting illustration of the lower creation that has ever reached Europe, and has added very considerably and in important respects to our knowledge." There is one portion of M. Du Chaillu's book which we regard with peculiar interest, and that is, his descriptions of the manners and customs of the different races with which he came in contact. His contributions to our knowledge of the Folk-Lore of Equatorial Africa, so to speak, are to our mind little inferior in importance to the additions which he has made to the Fauna of that remarkable, but hitherto imperfectly known territory and whenever a philosophical history of Popular Mythology shall be written, our obligations to the present traveller for the information upon this point which he has collected, will be made manifest.

Catalogue of the Library of the Corporation of London. SUPPLEMENT. 1860.

On May 26, 1860, we announced the publication of a well-compiled Catalogue of the Library of the Corporation of London, containing all the works received to the year 1859. We have now to congratulate our literary friends, that the Library Committee, to afford every facility to students in their researches, has recently issued a Supplement, comprising the works added during the past year. It makes a closely-printed volume of 112 pages, and contains a valuable Index of author's names.

De La Rue's Photographic Portrait Albums. - The readers of "N. & Q." will remember how willingly, when Photography was in its infancy, we opened our columns to all communications tending to the advancement of an Art interesting to all, but more particularly to the Antiquary, for its truthfulness. At that time, too, it may be remembered we advocated small Photographs; and although we have admired many exquisite specimens on a large scale, we have never yet seen reason for giving up our original preference. Our judgment has at length been confirmed by the general taste of the public, as is shown by the rage-for we can describe it as nothing

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else for the so-called cartes de visite portraits. All feel that in these gems of art, they have the counterfeit presentment of the men and women of the day, in their habits as they live. And this feeling of the entire truthfulness and fidelity of these portraits of the notabilities of our own time, makes us wish-but alas, the wish is vain that those of the days of Queen Elizabeth or Queen Anne could be brought before us in the same pleasing form. With the abundance of admirable likenesses now attainable for a small price - since Her Majesty had the good taste to let her loving subjects see her and her family in their happy every-day life everybody collects portraits of everybody. But when collected, some difficulty has been found in arranging and preserving them. To meet this want in its various forms, Messrs. De La Rue have lately produced a series of Albums in all possible shapes, styles, and sizes; but all distinguished for the good taste with which the name of this firm is now always associated. From the common card-case, or rather from the small Album destined to contain only the two or three portraits of the "nearest and dearest," or the elegant little volume which shall take in all the members of a family, they increase in size to the expanding Album, destined for a yet larger number; and to that which, to our mind, is the best of their series- the so-called Album Detaché - and which may be so made as to contain, if required, several hundred portraits. The Album Detaché consists of a handsome morocco case, in which are a number of sheets of card-board embossed from designs by Owen Jones, each capable of displaying four or five portraits. The advantage of this novel feature is obvious: not only may an alteration in the arrangement of the collection be made at any time, according to the fancy of the owner, but the collection may be inspected by a large party at the same time, instead of being confined to one or two. All admirers of cartes de visite portraits are indebted to Messrs. De La Rue for the introduction of the Album Detaché.

Notices to Correspondents.

Among other l'apers of interest which are in type, and will appear in our next or following numbers, are. Mr. Peacock's Paper on Mutilation and Destruction of Sepulchral Monuments; Charles II.'s Route after Boscobel; Seal of Robert de Thoeny: Pasquin's" Children of Thespis;" Book Worms, by Mr. Blades; The British Museum in 1784; Mathematical Bibliography, by Mr. Cockle; The Naming of New Churches; Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company, by Mr. J. P. Collier; interesting Notes on Oldys's Account of Libraries; curious Folk-Lore articles, &c.

GEORGE LLOYD. Information respecting the history and mystery of Camp Meetings may be obtained of any bookseller connected with the Irimitive Methodists.

ERRATUM.-2nd S. xi. p. 478. col. ii. 1. 34. for" 1599" read "1659."

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 118. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS. BELL AND DALDY, 186. FLEET STREET, E.C.; to whom all COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed.

Sodbury, the next place mentioned, with the spelling Sudbury, in Blount's Boscobel. (Tracts, p. 264.) No more names of places are given between Sodbury and Bristol. It would have been pleasant to know whether the King, on leaving Sodbury, went by Iron Acton, Winterbourne, Handbrook, and Stapleton; or by Wickwick, Downend, Fishponds, and the Ridgeway. We are not told by any of the accounts whether he crossed the Avon at Bristol by Bristol Bridge, or by Rownham Ferry. But the expression in the Élenchus—“cum Bristoliam à lævâ reliquissent" seems to show plainly that the King did not cross Bristol Bridge, but passed the river at Rownham Ferry.

All the journeys were very severe ones. Το take the journey of the third day. The distance from Cirencester to Bristol, by Sodbury, is about thirty-seven miles. This would make the day's ride to Abbotsleigh quite forty miles. This distance inclined me once to question whether Dr. Bate might not have been right, in making Marshfield a half-way resting place. But, as it is agreed by all the accounts that the whole journey was accomplished in three days, and an acceptance of Dr. Bate's statement would make it necessary to disbelieve all the other accounts, and to take the King to Cirencester the first day, I have come to the conclusion which I have mentioned that Dr. Bate mistook Marshfield for Marston.

It may be worth mentioning, that Père d'Orleans, who also concurs in giving three days as the time of this part of the King's journey, transfers the alarm caused by the sight of some rebel troopers at or near Stratford to Evesham: "le faux valet" the King . . "continua son chemin jusques proche d'Evetham," etc. But by this mistake he does not add another name to those mentioned in the King's route. He had heard of the Vale of Evesham, and mistook it for the Town of Evesham. D. P.

OLDYSIANA: NOTES ON OLDYS NOTES. THE LIBRARY OF THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON.- Who was Clement Reyner? to whom Oldys (antè p. 402.) attributes part of his information relative to this library. All the particulars given by Stowe or Strype are derived from a passage, De fundacione libraria, occurring in the Grey Friars' Register (Cotton MS. Vitellius, F. XII.), and which I have printed at p. xiv. of my Preface to the Grey Friars' Chronicle of London (Camden Society, 1852.) It states that the new library was commenced in the year 1421, the first stone being laid on the 21st of October by Richard Whittington, mercer, who was then mayor; that the building was completed and covered in before the feast of Christmas in the following year; and during the three next years it was floored, plas

tered, glazed, and furnished with desks, settles, and wainscoting, and also supplied with books. The total expenses amounted to 556l. 16s. 8d. of which Whittington paid 4007.; the remainder was provided by the reverend father Thomas Wynchelsey, one of the friars, and his friends. Thus we have the exact sum contributed by Whittington, and it was a very considerable one, upon positive statement. As for the copy of the works of De Lira, from the value of which Oldys attempted to estimate Whittington's bounty, it cost 100 marks, but it does not appear that Whittington was concerned in the purchase. It is mentioned thus in a distinct paragraph, which follows that already cited:

"Item, pro scripto doctoris De Lira in 2bus volubus jacente jam in cathenis c. marcas, de quibus frater Johannes Frensche remisit 20s."

If Clement Reyner is, as I imagine, some early writer on the history of the Franciscans, he probably merely followed the short memorandum here given.*

On looking at the recent life of Whittington by the Rev. Samuel Lysons, entitled The Model Merchant of the Middle Ages, I observe that he has quoted in a note, at p. 57., the passage of the Grey Friars' Register describing the library, with no material error; after quoting in his text the English versions of it by Stowe and Pennant, which contain several misapprehensions. Mr. Lysons's printer, however, has perpetrated another alias for John Iwyn, citizen and mercer, to whom the Grey Friars were originally indebted for their site. This ancient benefactor has already figured in Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum as Swen, in the New Monasticon as Edwin, and now Mr. Lysons commemorates him as John Twen. I will conclude with a little information respecting the member of the fraternity who was most active in the foundation of the library, under Whittington's munificent patronage. He was one of those buried in the Lady chapel of the Grey Friars' Church, and was recorded in their Register as

cipuus procurator in magnis beneficiis hujus loci. Obiit "Thomas Wynchelsey, sacræ theologiæ doctor, præ18 Feb. 1436." (Collectanea Topogr. et Genealogica, v. 282.)

JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.

ROB. SAMLER (2nd S. xi. 444.) - You ask if anything is known of Rob. Samler, whose hobby appears to have been that of accumulating printed tobacco papers. As Oldys calls him an author,

[* Clement Reyner was a learned Benedictine monk, and laborious collector of antiquities belonging to his order. His work is entitled, "Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, sive disceptatio historica de antiquitate Benedicti in Anglia: cum figuris." Fol. Duaci, 1626.Ordinis Congregationisque Monachorum Nigrorum S. ED.]