surveyors and engineers also used some similar instrument for taking angles both horizontal and vertical. For levelling they used a Dioptra mentioned by Vitruvius, viii. 6. This, Suidas says, is used by geometers to ascertain the heights of towers, and was probably a sort of quadrant. The former author, however, says he prefers an instrument which he calls Chorobates, which from his description appears to have been a long level with a groove at the top filled with water, and which served the purpose of our spirit level. Both these instruments are described in the Dictionary of the Architectural Publication Society, who are now making careful inquiries as to the exact form and use of the Groma. Lengths were generally taken by the Pertica or pole, called also from its length Decempeda.

The only ancient plan, of which there are any remains, is the very curious one of Rome, which was incised in the marble pavement of the temple of Romulus in the Forum; but unfortunately broken to pieces by ignorant workmen, before anyone found out what it was. The fragments which were preserved are now fixed to the walls of the Capitoline Museum. They have been most carefully published by the celebrated Canina in his noble work, Roma Antica; and have been found extremely correct, and very valuable in the investigation and restoration of existing monuments. They are to such a scale, as to show every house and shop; every temple and colonnade, in fact, almost every column, is carefully marked. If the surveyors of those times could map a city like Rome so well, there would be no difficulty as to their making plans of roads. A. A. Poets' Corner.

CHANCELS.

(2nd S. x. passim.)

In consequence of the discussion as to the deflection in chancels, I wrote to Mr. Robinson, of Whitby, as to the deflection of the nave in Whitby Abbey, which he had noticed in his excellent Guide to Whitby (p. 82.), and I have received from him the following particulars and remarks:Many years ago, when he was talking with the late Mr. Pugin as to the bend in the nave in Whitby Abbey, Mr. Pugin spoke of it as having a symbolical signification, and said, “A bend is a sign that the debt of our redemption has been paid; for, after our Saviour had expired on the cross, bis head would naturally lean or incline to one side." On this, Mr. Robinson observes, that Mr. Pugin's meaning appears to be only applicable to the deflection of a chancel or head of a cross, and not to a nave or foot of a cross, as at Whitby.

Mr. Robinson mentions another reason which he has heard assigned; viz. a double dedication

the nave being dedicated to one saint, and the choir to another; but he cannot point out any instance where the nave and choir have ever been thus separately dedicated. The whole of Whitby Abbey was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Hilda; and St. Peter's Day is the 29th of June, and St. Hilda's the 25th of August.*

Mr. Robinson remarks, that the point of orientation, or that point in the heavens, in which the sun rises on the anniversary day of the saint to whom the church is dedicated, was carefully ascertained, so that the building might be placed in that precise direction; and thus we can perceive the cause for a deflection in the choir or nave when the saint's day, to which the one was dedicated, occurs at a different part of the year from that of the other; and I venture to suggest, that where an abbey, like Whitby, was wholly dedicated to two saints, one part of it may, peradventure, have been built in the precise direction of the orientation of one saint, and another part in that of the other saint.

The dimensions of Whitby Abbey are as follows: The external length of the nave is 140 feet; the external length of the choir, 105 feet; the distance across the north transept, between the nave and the choir, 65 feet: so that the total length, from east to west, is 310 feet. The nave exhibits a deflection at the west end of nine feet towards the north, from the line of the choir. The choir is said to have been built between 1148 and 1175; the north transept at the beginning of the fourteenth century; and the north wall of the nave, in which the deflection is, about the middle of that century.

There was nothing whatever to prevent the builders of Whitby Abbey from building the nave and choir in the same line, if they had thought fit so to do.

It seems to me that Mr. Pugin's opinion, given to a gentleman so well versed in antiquarian knowledge as Mr. Robinson, was probably the result of his deliberate conviction; and is, therefore, worthy of more attention than his statement which has already appeared in "N. & Q.." 2nd S.

x. 357.

C. S. GREAVES.

"I know not," said he, with an overweening look, "if thou knowest me; or, to speak more properly, if thou rememberest me." "I remember not, said Xavier," that I have ever seen you." Then the Bonza, breaking out into a forced laughter, and turning to his fellows, “I shall have but little difficulty in overcoming this companion, who has conversed with me a hundred times, and yet would make us believe he had never seen me.' Then, looking on Xavier with a scornful smile: "Hast thou none of those goods remaining," continued he, "which thou soldest me at the port of Frenajoma?" "In truth," replied Xavier, with a sedate and modest countenance, "I have never been a merchant in all my life, neither have I ever been at the port of Frenajoma." "What a beastly forgetfulness is this of thine!" pursued the Bonza, with an affected wonder, and keeping up his bold laughter; "how canst thou possibly forget it?" "Bring it back to my remembrance," said Xavier mildly, "you who have so much more wit, and a memory happier than mine." "That shall be done," rejoined the Bonza, proud of the commendations which the saint had given him. ""Tis now just fifteen hundred years since thou and I, who were then merchants, traded at Frenajoma, and where I bought of thee a hundred bales of silk at an easy pennyworth; dost thou yet remember it?" The saint, who perceived whither the discourse tended, asked him very civilly, of what age he might be "I am now two-and-fifty," said Fucarandono. "How can it then be," replied Xavier, "that you were a merchant fifteen hundred years ago; that is, fifteen ages, when yet you have been in the world, by your own confession, but half an age? And how comes it, that you and I then trafficked together at Frenajoma, - since the greatest part of you Bonzas maintain that Japan was a desert and uninhabited at that time?" This brought out a pompous profession of the Bonza's theory, from which it will suffice for the subject before us to give the following few words bearing upon it. "Thou art then to understand," said Fucarandono, "that the world had no beginning; and that men, properly speaking, never die. The soul only breaks loose from the body in which it was confined; and while that body is rotting under ground, is looking out for another fresh and vigorous habitation, wherein we are born again. . . These alterations in our birth produce the like changes in our fortune."

"COLLINO CUSTURE ME."

(2nd S. x. 506.)

F. C. H.

Perhaps the results of the last half century's philological studies are not so well known in New York as they are in London. No European philologist would now affirm that "a specimen of the

Irish language" appears in "Plautus." Thanks to the labours of Gesenius, and other scholars, Phoenician (in its Punic variety) has taken its proper place amongst the other Semitic tongues. General philologists-such as Pictet and Zeuss - following in the path traced out by Pritchard, have given Irish its proper position with the other Celtic languages, amongst the outlying members of the Indo-Germanic family.

Vallancey and the like were incompetent to enter upon an investigation, for which they had neither the abilities nor the attainments required. General knowledge of language and languages, special knowledge of the Celtic languages, are the attainment: power of patient research, and the faculty of strict methodical induction, are the abilities of which the Celtic philologist must be possessed.

Unfortunately, until lately, the Celtic scholar has not often been a general scholar; and the general philologist has known but little of the Celtic tongues.

And perhaps the faculty of strict methodical induction is, of all things, that which is most "conspicuous by its absence" in the reasonings of philological amateurs. W. C.

MR. DOWE, in his charming note upon these words, has not only explained satisfactorily a dark allusion of the great English poet, but has also opened up to the English mind the fact (or the probability) that Queen Elizabeth and her courtiers knew, and no doubt appreciated, what we now call Moore's Melodies.

I should mention, that the commencing words of the air as I know them are: "Taimse am chodla, s'na duisigh me"- that is, "I am asleep, do not wake me.' The last verb being given actively, while MR. DowE has put it in the passive form.

I will also mention, for the benefit of the mere English reader, and to assist his comprehension, that the "d," as being in regimine, is quiescent; or rather is pronounced like "g," in the polite Munster dialect. Without this explanation, an Englishman might ask what had become of the "d."

After these premises, I will put a Query. The "fonn," or air, known by the words given by MR. DowE and myself, being the one to which Moore has wedded his words- "Erin, O Erin!"—is to be found in every musical edition of Moore's Melodies. But is it the air which the Virgin Queen thrummed on her virginals? It can be easily ascertained, whether it is so or not, by a reference to Mr. Chappell's book. Will of "N. & Q." make the comparison between "Erin, O Erin! and the airs in the Virginal Book? If the result be affirmative, it will prove a fact of some interest both to England and Ireland. H. C. C.

any

reader

MR. DOWE is quite mistaken in supposing that he has given the real Irish words, of which this is a corruption. His line will not fit, as it must be of no more than seven or eight syllables; being, of which he seems not aware, the burden of an English song of the four-foot measure:

"When as I view your comely grace."

"Collino castoré me."

In the old copies this is printed Calmie custure me; but Malone discovered the song, and gave the passage as it stands now, and got from an Irish teacher, of the name of Finnerty, the following translation - "Little girl of my heart for

ever and ever"- of which the two first words alone are right. How Finnerty got the "for ever and ever," I am unable to guess; but he seems to have had an indistinct idea of the true meaning of the whole. I presume the real Irish may have been

"Colleen óg a stór mo chree."
(Cai'in óg an stór mo ¿roide.)

"Young girl, the treasure of my heart." In Love's Labour's Lost (Act III. Sc. 1.), Armado says, "Warble child," &c.; and Moth begins, "Concolinel." This we are told is some Italian song which cannot now be discovered; but surely no Italian song began with Con colonello, the only Italian words that would agree with it. My own opinion is, that it is Irish, the second and third syllables being the Irish Colleen (celin); and if, with my very slight knowledge of Irish, I might venture to give a guess at the original of the whole, I would say it was "Do'n colleen alwin" (do'n cailin alun)—"To the lovely girl,”—the printer giving C for D. This conjecture, however, I give under correction; it may perhaps lead some better Irish scholar than myself to a more probable solution.

THOS. KEIGHTLEY.

DUTCH TRAGEDY OF BARNEVELDT (2nd S. x. 472. 518.) I can inform F. H. that this tragedy is by the celebrated poet Vondel. Its title is Palamedes, oft Vermoorde Onnooselheyd ("P. or Murdered Innocence "), alluding to the murder of Barneveldt. The poet was fined 300 florins, and had to take flight. Thirty editions were sold in a few years. K.

DOLDRUM, KING OF THE CATS (1st S. vi. 70.; 2nd S. x. 463.) This tale is told in Ireland also, "with a difference" which makes it somewhat more poetical. [By the bye, Doldrum, not Dildrum, was the Lancashire cat-king: in these days of dynastic vicissitude, "N. & Q." should be especially correct about royal matters; posterity might be puzzled else.] A county-of-Meath farmer was riding home at nightfall, when, in hastening past a suspicious-looking churchyard, a cat jumped

from the wall on his horse's back, clawed up his shoulder, and whispered in his ear: "Go home, and tell Maud that Maudlin is dead." Home he sped; and taking off his boots at the kitchen fire, where his own cat gravely superintended the operation-"I have just had a beautiful fright, my woman," says he; "I was bid to go home and tell you, Maud, that Maudlin is dead.' Into the middle of the room jumps she; sets up her back and likewise a terrible howl, dashes through the window, and was never seen or heard of from that hour. Maudlin, I suppose, was the Irish Queen of the Cats, or at least the Lady-Lieutenant; and Maud was, perhaps, one of her Maids of Honour. Any how, the story is religiously believed in Ireland by every true

PUSSEYITE.

peus

continued in St. Pratt, Blisland, Cornwall, even after "The custom (says The Ecclesiologist, vol. v. p. 166.) had superseded open seats; and so natural was the feeling, that when a conventicle was opened about thirty years ago in the parish, the men and women arranged

themselves on opposite sides, and have continued the practice!" G. W. M.

IRISH MANUFACTURES (2nd S. x. 510.)—I take leave of "N. & Q.'s" delightful Tenth Volume, expecting no less delight in its Eleventh, with a pendant to this scaffoldish story.

In 1814, when the French Legion of Honour was under discussion among the revolutionary embarrassments of the Restoration, somebody (whose name, he being yet surviving, it is as well not to set down) suggested that its decoration should be sported by the Exécuteur de la Haute Justice on the first guillotining day.

During the last half-century I have read Irish speeches, and letters, and pamphlets enough to bring in question my countrymen's antipathy to "flowered fustian." OLD MEM.

SMYTANITES (2nd S. x. 518.)-In answer to INQUISITION, Mr. Smytan was an Antiburgher minister at Kilmaurs, Ayrshire; and a dispute having arisen between him and his associate brethren about lifting the whole bread to be used in the sacrament, and holding it during the prayer of consecration, Mr. Smytan refused to hold communion with those who continued the old practice of lifting a portion, and the synod expelled and deposed him. It then became a ques

tion who had right to the meeting-house, and the Court of Session decided in favour of Mr. Smytan and his adherents. The swarm that went off built a new meeting-house, and the two bodies were vulgarly called the Lifters and Antilifters, or the New and Auld Light. The Burghers and Antiburghers, the Lifters and Antilifters, and the New and Auld Light, have associated and re-associated, and are now principally connected with the United Presbyterian Church. The Smytanites have sunk into oblivion. S. B. B. HENSHAW (2nd S. x. 331., &c.) - Since my Query relative to the name of Henshaw, I have referred to Elisha Coles's English Dictionary, and found the word haw means black. May not the name have been adopted in allusion to the arms - argent, a chevron between three heronshaw? In all the various drawings of the arms, the birds are always sable. G. W. M.

STATIONERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES (2nd S. x. 514.) — As a help to MR. GOUGH NICHOLS, in his wish to discover some example of the early use of the Latin word Stationarius in this country, I would refer him to the council held at London by the Abp. of Canterbury, Thomas Arundle, A.D. 1408, against the Wycliffites and Lollards. In its sixth decree it ordains:

“Quod nullus libellus sive tractatus, &c. amodo legatur in scolis, &c. nisi per universitatem Oxonii aut Cantabrigiæ primitus examinatur, &c. et universitatis nomine ac auctoritate stacionariis tradatur ut copietur, et facta collatione fideli petentibus vendatur justo pretio sive detur, &c."- Concil. Britann., ed. Spelman, ii. 665.

From the unqualified and ready way in which the archbishop uses the word, it seems that both the name as well as trade were well known, and of somewhat old standing in England, at the beginning of the fifteenth century.

The celebrated English canonist, William Lyndwood, who died, A.D. 1446, in his gloss upon this very constitution, says:

"Stationariis, i. e. His, in quorum statione libri sunt expositi ad vendendum. Est enim statio locus ubi naves vel merces tute stare possunt ad tempus. . . Et sic similiter potest statio dici locus ille ubi aliquis pro tempore exponit aliquas merces venales," &c. Provinciale, &c., ed. W. Lyndwood, Oxoniæ, 1679, p. 285.

HADDISCOE FONT (2nd S. x. 411.) There is at Pewsey, in Wiltshire, an arrangement similar to that described by MR. D'AVENEY as existing at Haddiscoe. I have not been into the church at Pewsey for many years, and therefore feel incompetent to describe details with accuracy; but I recollect that the font is placed close to the south-westernmost pier of the nave, and that immediately above the font is a niche sunk into the pier, which is, by tradition, considered to have been a receptacle for the holy oil used in baptism.

PATONCE.

PRINCE MAURICE (2nd S. xi. 11.) R. R. does not give any idea of the information he himself pos

sesses relative to Prince Maurice. He thus leaves rather a wide field for reply. Should R. R. not them with advantage: have seen the following works, he may consult

History of the Wars of Flanders, by Cardinal Bentivoglio, Englished from the Italian, by Henry Earl of Monmouth, fol. 1678, commencing at p. 189. Though written by an enemy to the Low Country struggle, the learned Grotius commends it for its impartiality.

Hugo Grotius's De Rebus Belgicis; or the Annals and History of the Low Countrey Warrs by T. M. (T. Manley), 12mo. 1665, pp. 145-937.

Little is said in Bentivoglio of Barnevelt. At p. 375. (mispaged 373.), he is styled the AdvocateGeneral of the Province of Holland. His speech, in 1607, against Prince Maurice, is there given at length. Barnevelt's name does not appear in the Index of Manley's Grotius, but it occurs in the text at pp. 917. 938., and elsewhere.

Among the Cottonian MSS. in the British Museum are many papers of great interest and value concerning the prince. R. R. will find them in Galba, C. vII. pp. 302. 306., VIII. 176. b. 180. 189. b. 407. 409.; D. 11. 80. 338., Iv. 222., v. 300., VIII. 104. 129., x. 20. 148., 183. b., xI. 73. 131. 202., XII. 115.; E. 1. 120. 124.; Cal. E. xI. 204.; Nero, B. vI. 331. 333.

Brompton Barracks.

M. S. R.

NAMES ON JAMAICA MONUMENTS (2nd S. x. 404.) SPAL is informed that the last in his list of Jamaica names, "Hill Hochryn," misrepresents Hill Hotchkin, the wife of Robert Hotchkin, Esq.. Attorney-General. Her maiden name was Boul

ton, of an Irish family. She married, firstly, John Childermasse, a planter; 2ndly, Henry Brabant, Esq., Provost-Marshall; and, lastly, my collateral ancestor, the Attorney-General. She died childless. Will SPAL communicate by letter to ROBERT Č. H. HOTCHKIN?

Thimbleby Rectory, Horncastle.

STORY OF A SWISS LADY (2nd S. x. 348.)-The story is Voltaire's. The lady, on her weddingday, is in a pleasure-boat, which is upset in the Lake of Geneva, and she is apparently drowned. Two physicians, Bonnet and Covelle, give her up. Lord Abingdon, who is on his travels, arrives at the moment, and asks what is the matter.

W. D. SIR JOHN LE QUESNE (2nd S. v. 216.) - In the register of burials at St. Benet Fink, London, occur notices of the children, Francis, Jane, and Maudlyn, and of the wife of James Le Quien, who is described as "stranger, lying within the Cock." These deaths occurred within a few days of one another in the year 1570, and were apparently from the plague.

In 1708, May 14, is the burial entry of Mrs. Elizabeth Le Quesne.

In the registers of St. Peter le Poor may be found the marriage of Sir John Lequesne and Mrs. Mary Knight, performed by the Bp. of Norwich in 1738; the baptism of a daughter (Mary) to the above in the following year, and the burials

of

NEW MODE OF CANONISATION (2nd S. ix. 383.) - Perhaps either your correspondent T. LAMPRAY, or the writer in the Gentleman's Magazine, would not object to give their authority for the statement "that St. David's Chapel in the Lewisham Road is so named in honour of the late Alderman Wire," who, by-the-by, was not an Independent at all. At present the story reads like a hoax. ALFRED COPLAND.

A CHRISTMAS DITTY OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY (2nd S. x. 471.) In reply to POLECARP CHENER'S Query respecting the word palde in the the term palde wine, I would beg to suggest that

the word palled is intended, which, according to Bailey's Dictionary (1788), means stale, also flat, dead, without spirits, as wine, liquors," &c. J. BRAITHWAITE.

CURIOUS REMAINS IN NORWICH (2nd S. x. 446.) - In the very interesting account given by MR. D'AVENEY there are one or two points upon which I am in hopes that he may be able to throw some farther light.

The pitchers are stated to have a hand-hold, and a mouth for pouring off the contents; evidently, therefore, they were meant to be moveable, and yet they are described as being placed horizontally in the perpendicular walls, and bedded in mortar with their mouths open to the trough. This appears to be so very singular, that I am led to inquire whether I am correct in interpreting the description as meaning that the pitchers were placed on their sides, and let into the substance of the wall, with their mouths flush with the surface?

Can

The pavement of the chancel appears to have shown no indication of the troughs below. it be ascertained when this pavement was laid down, and whether there ever was any contrivance for opening part of the trough by means of a wooden lid, or otherwise?

I would also beg to inquire what is the distance of the trough from the side wall of the chancel ? P. S. CAREY.

ARMS OF HAYNES (2nd S. x. 387.) — The arms, be those of Haynes: Argent, three crescents No. 1., inquired after by SPALATRO, appeared to barry undée azure and gules; confirmed to Nicholas Haynes of Hackney, Middlesex, 1578.

J. G. N.

GREENE FAMILY (2nd S. x. passim.) — In addition to the marriage of Dr. Thomas Greene in 1681, the Register of St. Olave's Jewry records that of " Mr. Hadsley Greene, of Shelley Hall, co. Essex, gentl" and Bach'., and Mary Nicholls of Stondon Massy in s. county, 11 Augt., 1692," and (with others of the name), "1707. Aug. 26. My brother, Mr. Jermyn Greene, was buried in my vault." C. J. R.

"SO IN THE PAINTER'S ANIMATED FRAME" (2nd S. x. 370.) The author of the lines beginning as above is Tickell. They are an extract from "A Poem on the Prospect of Peace," and are printed in Dodsley's Collection of Poems, in 6 vols., HENRY W. LIVETT, M.D.

1758.

SAVOY AND SAXE-COBOURG GOTHA (2nd S. x. 409. 454.)-It appears from a work entitled The Antient and Present State of Germany, London, 1702, p. 197., "Lothair, Duke of Saxony, being elected Emperor in the year 1135, resigned his Electorate to Henry Guelph, commonly called Henry the Proud." From which it seems