ful friend." This derivation from the German is confirmed by the fact that the mother of the illustrious dramatist was of a noble family from the Low Countries. Again, the local name Goldhanger (Essex) has no reference to the metal, but is rather a corruption of Wald-hanger, i. e. woodhanger, and Cold-harbour is doubtless from wald, harbour. Farther, the words wood, wald, weald, wold, coal, and the N. coet, coed, are probably merely different orthographies of the same word. We have at least 2000 surnames from this root, wald, walt, R. S. CHARNOCK.

CARY'S "RELATION OF FRANCE" (2nd S. xi. 307.) -Sir George Cary's "Relation of France" (a very valuable paper) was published by Dr. Birch as an Appendix to his

"Historical View of the Negotiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brussels, from 1592 to 1617; extracted from the Papers of Sir Thomas Edmondes, 8vo. Lond. 1749."

The manuscript from which Birch printed is now Additional MS., British Museum, 4460., art. 4. L. B.

19

SONNET, "WHAT IS OUR LIFE? (2nd S. xi. 226.)-This is contained, with the music, in Orlando Gibbons's First Set of Madrigals and Mottets of 5 Parts: apt for Viols and Voyces. 4to. London, 1612; reprinted (in score) by the Musical Antiquarian Society, folio. London, 1841. As there are several variations between the poem as there given and the copy sent by your correspondent, I have thought it worth while to transcribe it:

"What is our life? A play of passion;

Our mirth? the musicke of diuision: Our mothers' wombes the tyring houses be Where we are drest for this short Comedy: Heauen the Judicious sharpe spectator is That sits and markes still who doth act amisse : Our graues, that hide vs from the searching Sun, Are like drawne curtaynes when the play is done. Thus march wee playing to our latest rest, Onely wee dye in earnest. - that's no Jest." A copy will also be found at page 278. of Oliphant's Musa Madrigalesca, 8vo. London, 1837. Who was the author? W. H. HUSK.

DR. JOHNSON'S WORKS (2nd S. xi. 269.) - Had MR. GREAVES's explicit statement called for any confirmation, it is in my power to afford it, but he has named correctly the gentleman who superintended the edition of Johnson's Works, published in 1825, in eleven 8vo. volumes. İ possess a memorandum given me by the late Mr. Pickering, one of the publishers of this edition, in these words - "Edited by Francis Walesby, M.A. of Lincoln College, Oxford, Anglo-Saxon Professor." This note is preserved on the titlepage of the first volume. It was on my sugges

tion that the editor inserted amongst the poems Johnson's fine lines on music a translation from the Medea of Euripides :

"The rites deriv'd from ancient days, With thoughtless reverence we praise; The rites that taught us to combine The joys of music and of wine," &c.; and also Dr. Joseph Warton's imitation of the same passage, "Queen of every moving measure. It is strange that Johnson's translation should not have been previously admitted into his Works. It was originally given by Dr. Burney in the 2nd vol. of his Hist. of Music, who states that he was lation." "obliged to a learned friend for this elegant transIt appeared also in a periodical work, Savage's Librarian (1808), where both the original Greek and the translation are engraved as specimens of Porson's exquisite penmanship. The most trifling criticism of that scholar is worth attention, I therefore give two lines as he has transcribed them:

CARDONNEL FAMILY (2nd S. x. 239. 456.)—The following extract, from Dr. Carlyle's amusing account of himself and his times, will be interesting to some of your correspondents, who have made inquiries respecting this family : —

"The other person was Mansfelt Cardonnel, Esq., Commissioner of the Customs. His father, Adam de Cardonnel (for they were French Protestants by descent), had been secretary to the Duke of Schomberg, who was killed at the battle of the Boyne at the age of eighty. He had been affronted the day before by King William not having entrusted him as usual with his plan of the battle, as Adam de Cardonnel told his son. Another brother, James, was secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, and had made a large fortune. His daughter and heiress was Lady Talbot, mother of Lord Dynevor. My friend's mother was a natural daughter of the Duke of Monmouth; and as he was by some other line related to Waller, the poet, he used to boast of being descended from the usurper as well as the royal heir. He was not a man of much depth or genius, but he had a right sound understanding, and was a man of great honour and integrity, and the most agreeable companion that ever was. He excelled in story telling, like his great-grandfather Charles the 2nd; but he seldom or ever repeated them, and indeed had such a collection as served to season on a very limited income he lived every conversation,very hospitably. He had many children, but only one

There is an error in the last line: for "Sooth" we should read "Smooth the brow of dumb despair."

DETRUS, AN EARLY PAINTER (2nd S. xi. 209.) If W. J. T. will again examine the old picture, I think he will find the unknown artist's name to be "Petrus," Peter somebody. JAYDEE.

THE PENDRILL FAMILY (2nd S. x. 306.)—I have just stumbled on the following notices of some of the descendants of this family, which may perhaps be acceptable to your querist. They are possibly contained in the notes to Mr. Hughes's reprint of the Boscobel volume, which I regret to say I have

not seen.

"On Friday, Dec. 26, 1784, was married at the Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton, Geo. Richards, Esq., late of Poland Street, London, to the relict of the late Mr. Shaw, and a descendant of the family of the Pendrills; who preserved the life of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester, from which she now enjoys a handsome pension from his Majesty."

This is, I believe, copied from the Worcester Journal.

John Pendrill, a carpenter and joiner, residing at Birmingham in 1817, was in the receipt of 481. yearly. He left a son, a printer; who, I believe, enjoyed a similar pension after his father's decease.

Richard Hill, clerk in a brewery at Birmingham in 1817, who claimed descent from the Pendrills in a female line, received a yearly annuity from the government of 70%.

In December, 1815, died at Gresly Green, the residence of the Rev. G. W. Kempson, near Wolverhampton, in the eighty-second year of his age, Mr. Thomas Pendrill Rock, of Brewood, surgeon. The name of Pendrill was given to him as a descendant of the loyal Staffordshire yeoman.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

YORKSHIRE WORDS (2nd S. xi. 49. 117.) "Gare," or rather "gar," "signifies to make or cause" in Scotch.

"He [auld Nick] screwt the pipes, he gart them skirl, Till roof and rafters baith did dirl."

Tam o'Shanter. Halliwell gives "gar," as well as "gare." "I'll gar ye is one of the most common threats at this day, e. g. to a boy who refuses to do something. J. P. O.

MAITLAND OF GIGHT (2nd S. xi. 249.)--"The eldest cadet of this family [Maitland] now extant, is Maitland of Pitreichie, descended of Robert Maitland, a younger son of Robert Maitland of Thirlstain, in the reign of Robert III., who married the heiress of Schives, alias Gight, in Vice-com. de Aberdeen, where the family continued for many years, and were designed

Maitlands of Gight; but since having purchased the Barony of Pitreichie, have now their designation from it. "Sir Richard Maitland of Pitreichie, Baronet, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, caused matriculate his arms, in the Lion Register, thus, Or, a Lion rampant gules, couped at all joints of the field, within a border chequé, argent and azure. Crest, a lion's head, erased, gules. Motto, Paix et Peu."-Nisbet's Her. i. 293.

Vide also Douglas's Peeruge, under "Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale."

P.S.-SIGMA THETA will find the Rev. James Smith of Kincardine mentioned as a correspondent of Macculloch of Cambuslang, in the Christian Instructor for 1839. WILLIAM GALLOWAY.

CURIOUS REMAINS AT NORWICH (2nd S. x. 446.; xi. 38. 158.) — There appears to me to be a great air of probability in the conjecture of Ad., that the jars formed part of an ancient warming apparatus, and I therefore hope that MR. DAVENEY, or some other correspondent, may be prevailed upon to answer the inquiries of MR. CAREY, which appear to have been made chiefly with a view to some such hypothesis. MEMOR.

BURNS: "THE WHISTLE" (2nd S. xi. 232.) — N. N. will find in R. Chambers's Life and Works of Burns, 8vo. edition, full proofs as to the date of the affair of the whistle, and that the poet was present. I believe it is admitted that the bard was in error in speaking of the original Danish possessor of the whistle as one who came over with the Princess Anne in 1590. The likelihood is, that the family tradition misdated the occurrence, and that the real Scandinavian in question was one belonging to the suite of Prince George when he came over to marry the Princess Anne, daughter of the Duke of York, in the reign of Charles II. Prince George's own love of the bottle is well known. R. R.

CALVACAMP (2nd S. xi. 276.)—I cannot help thinking that SENEX has drawn rather a wide deduction from the passage that he has extracted from Gallia Christiana. As far as regards the point under consideration, the passage runs as

follows:

"Toenio qui locus est prope Gallionis Castrum, haud procul a Sequanâ ex quo Toeniorum seu Toteniorum Stirps originem duxit."

From this passage I collect simply that Toeny, from which the Toeni family derived its origin, was near the Castle of Gaillon, not far from the Seine; but I cannot discover any intimation of the Castle of Gaillon ever having been the seat of the family. Indeed, I should rather infer that the writer knew nothing of any seat of the family before it was settled at Toeny.

It is stated by Stapleton, in his Observations on the Rolls of the Norman Exchequer (tom. i. p. cxlii.), that Gaillon was included in the territory

ceded by Richard Cœur de Lion to Philip of France, and it appears to have been at that time a place of some consequence as a border fortress. I am not acquainted with its earlier history; I would, however, beg to inquire what ground there is for supposing that its name could ever have assumed the form of Gallo-camp? P. S. CAREY.

THOS. FARNABY (2nd S. xi. 310.) See letters to and from him in G. J. Vossii Epistolæ. (Consult both indexes.) He corresponded with Cunæus (Cunai Epistolæ, p. 318.) See also Clarorum Virorum ad G. J. Vossium Epistolæ, p. 125., b. In a letter dated Lug. Bat., 20 Aug. 1629 (Barlai Epistolæ, p. 292.), we read:

"Quæris de Farnabio. Vixit is Londini in Anglia, ubi honestis artibus ac disciplinis nobilium procerumque liberos imbuit, magno rei familiaris compendio. Ni fallor,

desiit vivere et scribere."

More may be learnt from Whear's Charisteria, 130., and from the same author's Epist. Eucharist., number 50., p. 77. J. E. B. MAYOR.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

HAS EXECUTION BY HANGING BEEN SURVIVED?

(2nd S. xi. 260.)-In Reynolds's Miscellany of the 13th instant appears an article illustrative of this subject, which, if the account be true, is a more extraordinary and interesting case than those which have already appeared in "N. & Q.," but which, from its length, can only be referred to. The article is copied from the New York Ledger, and purports to be reprinted from the Vermont Journal of November 4th, 1789. It is entitled —

"Revivification of Joseph Taylor.

"A remarkable and extraordinary narrative of the revivification of young Joseph Taylor, who was supposed to have been hanged to death (in company with that notorious highwayman, pick-pocket, and housebreaker, Archibald Taylor) on Boston Neck, on Thursday, the 8th of May, 1788, for a violent assault and robbery on the highway, committed on the person and property of Mr. Nathaniel Cunningham, butcher, in October, 1787."

The narrative is contained in a letter addressed by the hero of it to his friend Mr. Phelim Donance, in Boston, and dated " Egg Harbour, mouth of the Delaware, May 12th, 1789." Can any of your Transatlantic correspondents afford information as to the truth of the narrative? and

has there not been recently an asserted case of the revivification of a criminal after execution by hanging in America ? WILLIAM KELLY.

Leicester.

Often. One of the best authenticated cases is recorded in a tract entitled News from the Dead. It is the case of Ann Green, who was hung at Oxford on the 14th of December, 1650. W. C.

ANONYMOUS DRAMAS (2nd S. xi. 88.) Conrad, a tragedy, was written by the late Mr. Alfred Bunn, who was manager of the Birmingham theatre about the year 1817. I happened to be

present at the theatre at Birmingham the first night of its performance. Mr. Conway, the actor, then in his zenith, performed the principal character. As far as my memory serves me, it was a dull heavy play, and only ran a few nights. Avus.

COLOUR OF SERVANTS' LIVERIES (2nd S. xi. 170.) - By far the greater number of existing liveries are modern inventions, selected probably from mere fancy, and on no principle. But liveries took their origin from feudal times, when every baron had his retainers, who wore his badge and his colours, both in war, and in their attendance on him in peace. How far the colour of each chief corresponded with that of his shield is a curious question, which might be partially solved by comparing the arms of such of our old families as still exist with the colours of their liveries; provided the latter are hereditary, and have not been changed in modern times.

I can remember when the carriages of families were painted uniformly with their liveries, and when the absence of such uniformity was supposed to denote the parvenu; but this custom seems but little adhered to at present. STYLITES.

PLURAL OF MEMORANDUM (2nd S. xi. 151.) — As it was some years ago "that P. S. C. read the anecdote respecting which he inquires, I think it more than probable that he alludes to one which is quoted by Croker (Int. Life of Johnson, p. xii.),' in which, however, testimonia and not memoranda is the word which provokes the remark he cites. Croker "Mr. Boswell endeavoured indeed to fill up these chasms as well as he could with letters, memoranda," &c., and adds in a note

says,

"On the use of this Latinism, I venture to repeat a pleasant anecdote told by Bishop Elrington. The late Lord Avonmore, giving evidence relative to certain certificates of degrees in the University of Dublin, called them (as they are commonly called) Testimoniums.' As the clerk was writing down the word, one of the counsel said, Should it not be rather testimonia?' 'Yes,' replied Lord Avonmore, if you think it better English.' This pleasantry contains a just grammatical criticism; but memoranda has of late been so generally used as an English plural, that I have ventured to retain it."

ST. SWITHIN.

following extract from Latham's English GramFARTHER AND FURTHER (2nd S. xi. 206.)- The mar, p. 75., on the subject of "farther" and "further," may be interesting to F. C. :

"FURTHER. This means more in front or more forward. It is derived from the word fore, as found in foremost. Besides the change of the vowel from o to u, there is the addition of the sound of th. This sound was inserted in an early stage of language. It occurs in the old High German forms vor-d-aro, for-d-oro, vor-d-ero, for-d-ar, fur-d-ir, and in the A.-S. forth, and English forth.

"FARTHER This means more far, or more distant. It is derived from the word far, which appears in the following different forms: fairra, Maeso-Gothic; verro, vër, fër, Old High German; feor, Anglo-Saxon; fiarri, Old

Norse. The proper comparative is found without the th; as vërr-ôr, vëtr-ôro, Old High German. In the English word far-th-er, the th is inserted, either because far-er is inharmonious, or from the word being confounded with fur-th-er."

E. A. B.

ARMS OF BRYAN (2nd S. xi. 266.) — These I take to be those in Burke's Armoury, as of Devonshire and Gloucestershire, a gent three piles azure. The same valuable authority gives, Bryan of Ireland, argent three piles gules. There is little doubt but that the Bryans of Wales were off shoots of the baronial line, Guy de Bryan being Governor of the Castle of Hereford West, 4th Edward III., whose father, Guy (a rebellious baron), in the reign of Henry III. was located in the marches of Wales, and received command to assist the Earl of Glou

cester against the Welsh. These arms, slightly modified, were about the same period borne by John le Scot (son of David, Earl of Huntingdon, and Maud, sister of Ralph de Blundeville), who became Earl of Chester on the death of the said Ralph, and who died, sine prole, 1237, 21st Henry III. His bearing was, or, three piles gules. Burke also gives Bryan of Torven, county of Chester; sable, an eagle displayed argent. SENEX.

Daughters of Adela, Countess of Blois (2nd S. xi. 266.) — In addition to the daughter Maud, or Matilda or Lucia, as she was sometimes called, who was drowned, the Countess Adela had a daughter of her own name, given in marriage to Milo de Brai, Lord of Montlheri, and Viscount of Troyes, but, on the ground of illegality, the marriage was annulled. (Archb. Suger, Bouquet's Recueil, vol. xii. pp. 36. 41.) There are also two other daughters named in L'Art de Verifier (8vo. edit. vol. xi. pp. 362, 363.) Alice, said to have been the wife of Reynald III., Earl of Joigni, and Eleanora, wife of Raoul, Earl of Vermandois. The reference in Burke will be to the latter of these two, though the name of her husband was not Herbert. M. A. E. G.

YNYR (2nd S. xi. 235.)-Ynyr is reputed to have been a king or prince of Gwent, who lived a little before the Norman Conquest, and whose daughter and co-heiress Morvydd married Gwaethvoed, the Cromwell ancestor. The Lewises have never regarded her as an heiress, and have never quartered her arms, nor do the Cromwells appear to have done so until the heralds ransacked Oliver's pedigree, and extracted the arms of Morvydd ferch Ynyr. DRYT.

BIOGRAPHY OF PRINCESSES (2nd S. xi. 287.) — HERMENTRUDE will find nearly all she requires in Agnes Strickland's Lives of the Queens of England. Of course she will have to travel over eight volumes, (edition 1854, the best and most interesting of this valuable publication). S. REDMOND. Liverpool.

MR. C. BROUGHTON (2nd S. xi. 69. 300.) — This gentleman was a Member of the Society of Writers to the Signet in Edinburgh, and died in 1823. He practised latterly as an accountant in that city. G. J.

Edinburgh.

To-FALL (2nd S. xi. 286.) — P. S. C. will find the word "To-fall" in Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary of the Scottish Language. According to this authority it has more than one meaning: "A building annexed to the wall of a larger one; "" a small building adjoining to and with the roof resting on the wall of a larger one,” or “the roof of which rests on the wall of the principal building." G. Edinburgh.

The term "teea-fa," the vernacular for "tofall," is very commonly used in Westmoreland as descriptive of minor erections with one-sided roofs, abutting against superior buildings, and supported thereby at this juncture. Clearly synonymous with the word "lean-to." J. BURTON. Preston.

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON CALLED BEAU" (2nd S. x. 268. 313.) —

"THE

"If our army had been all British, the day would have been soon decided, but the Duke or, as they call him here, from his detestation of all manner of foppery, the Beau, had not above 35,000 British. All this was to be

supplied by treble exertion on the part of our troops. The Duke was everywhere during the battle, and it was the mercy of Heaven that protected him when all his staff had been killed or wounded round him."-Walter Scott to Joanna Baillie, dated Paris, 6th Sept. 1815, Lockhart's Life, iii. p. 364. E. H. A.