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munication.

ing it to have been the very year of the latter event, and that he was only sixteen at the time (the lowest age at which recruits are allowed to enter the Russian army), we find by a very simple calculation that he was at least 119 years of age at the time I saw him. R. B. Kirkwall, Orkney's.

He will find, in Papworth's Dictionary, Price of Brecon bearing the same coat as Caradoc Vreichfras (p. 118.) In conclusion, I should point out that, at p. 252., the Rev. W. Betham is called by mistake Sir W. B. NED ALSNEd. SOUTHEY (2nd S. x. 405.)-I perfectly recollect that when a boy (about 1824) there was an actor of this name performing at the Shrewsbury 394.)-I beg to thank DR. MUNK for his commuJONATHAN GOULDSMITH, M.D. (2nd S. x. 305. Theatre, who was said to be a brother of the poet.nication. His information appears to be so comHe was a very "tame " actor, neither suiting "the action to the word, nor the word to the action," but rather "mouthing " it, and that with so very weak and insignificant a voice, that his entrance was always received with a titter on the part of

the audience. Shrewsbury.

W. A. LEIGHTON.

AYLMER, BP. OF LONDON (2nd S. x. 287. 481., &c.) Though unable to say where the birthplace of this prelate was, let me say that his son is buried in Claydon church, near Ipswich, where there is an inscription to his memory. He is supposed to have built Mockbeggar Hall in that parish. The Mockbeggar Hall at Tuddenham, Norfolk, and that near Hoo, Kent, are apparently buildings of the same date, i. e. 1650. E. G. R. LONGEVITY. Under the heading Longevity, a writer in your most interesting periodical (2nd S. x. 15.) questions the truth of reported instances of persons having reached the age of 100 years in modern times. We could, I believe, in this country alone furnish several such, resting on the best possible evidence, that of parish registers of their birth. But I think I can adduce one perfectly authentic, and resting on the authority of a countryman of mine, now I believe residing in Scotland.

When passing through Russia on my way overland (I mean the real overland route, by Russia and Persia, not that by Egypt, as is usually understood in these days) in the year 1828, I made the acquaintance of Dr. Keir, the physician of the Shérémetien Hospital at Moscow. This is a hospital founded and maintained for the use of his own dependants by Count Shérémetien, said to be the richest nobleman in Russia, having 120,000 souls or male serfs on his property. In going round the wards, a man was pointed out to me by Dr. K. of hale and sound appearance, looking like a man of 75 or 80, and in perfect possession of all his faculties, except that he was a little deaf. It was proved by this man's papers (every serf being furnished with such when he leaves his master's property to work elsewhere) that he had in his youth been enlisted as a soldier, and had passed in review before Peter the Great, who died in 1725. His own impression was that he was a grown man at the time, and that it happened some years before the czar's death. But assum

plete that I am tempted to appeal to him for Gouldsmith's place of burial? farther particulars. For instance, where is Dr. And is anything known of his parents, John Gouldsmith and Eli

zabeth his wife?

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS.

T. E. S.

Personal History of Lord Bucon, from unpublished Papers. By William Hepworth Dixon, of the Inner Temple. (Murray.)

When the remarkable series of articles, illustrative of the personal history and character of England's greatest Chancellor, first appeared in The Athenæum, they awakened in all who read them a feeling of satisfaction that the fair fame of Francis Bacon had at length found an able and eloquent champion, and an earnest hope that so successful a vindication of Bacon, as a statesman and a

legist, might soon be given to the world in a collected

form. That hope is at length realised in the volume before us. Greatly enlarged, and most carefully revised by its author, The Personal History of Lord Bacon will add much to the reputation of Mr. Hepworth Dixon as a biographical and historical writer. It will also go far to rub from the shield of Bacon's glory the rust and tarnish with which, for nearly a century and a half, the slanderous breath of Pope had dimmed its brightness: and to make others follow the example of Hallam, and forgetting the derogatory epithet which gave pungency to the poet's satire, remember Bacon only as "the wisest, greatest of mankind." We have spoken of the work as brilliant in its style, and successful in its object. Mr. Hepworth Dixon deserves to be praised, however, not only for the good use of his many new materials, but for the zeal and industry which he has displayed in their collection.

Dædalus; or, the Causes and Principles of Greek Sculpture. By Edward Falkener, Member of the Academy of Bologna, and of the Archæological Institutes of Rome and Berlin. (Longman & Co.)

In the limited space which we can devote to this splendid volume, it is hard to decide which is the more difficult part of our task, to do justice to the exquisite taste with which it has been produced, the beauty of its

or to the

"Re

illustrations, and the elegance of its bindingprofound learning with which Mr. Falkener discourses on the causes and principles of the excellence of Greek sculpture. The frontispiece, which represents a storation of the Parthenon at Athens, showing the Chryselephantine statue of Minerva by Phidias," is the key-note to the volume, in which Mr. Falkener expounds his views on ancient art with great learning and judgment, and in a manner to show his perfect mastery of the subject; following these with his speculations as to

and in which

the causes of the decline of Modern Art he contends that "if we may not equal the ancients we may at least, by studying them as we ought, preserve ourselves from falling into error," and "that the errors and mistakes of modern art are ever to be attributed to a neglect of those precepts mutely but eloquently revealed to us by the marbles and bronzes of our museums." The book is one which must command the attention of all admirers of Ancient Art. The chapter "On Chryselephantine Sculpture and Iconic Polychromy" will be read with very considerable interest. The photographs and other illustrations are of the highest class, and add greatly to the value and beauty of the book.

Antique Gems; their Origin, Uses, and Value as Interpreters of Ancient History, and as Illustrative of Ancient Art. With Hints to Gem Collectors. By the Rev. C. W. King, M.A. (Murray.)

It is certainly somewhat extraordinary that there does not exist in English any scientific treatise, or popular manual, to which the student can be referred, who desires to enter upon the study of those remains of ancient art, with which few are to be compared for grace and beauty, or for their importance to the historian, archæologist, and artist the engraved Gems of Antiquity. This want, however, exists no longer. In the handsome volume before us, the author has recorded his "own observations, the accumulated memoranda of many years, and the results of the careful examination of many thousands of gems of all ages and of every style," these being illustrated by passages from ancient authors, and by copious extracts from other sources, tending to elucidate the snbject. The book itself may be well styled a Handbook of Ancient Gems: for by means of its copious Index, the incipient gem-collector will in future easily obtain a solution of the numerous problems which the author had to work out for himself at a vast expenditure of time, temper, and money. Nor is the work by any means confined to ancient art: Mediæval jewellery, medieval superstitions as to the power of gems and of their sigils, and the very extensive and interesting class of gnostic gems, hitherto scarcely treated of by English writers, form most important features of the present work, which being profusely and admirably illustrated, establishes fresh claims on the part of Mr. Murray to the gratitude of all who are interested in the history and literature of Art. While Mr. King will assuredly win the thanks of a large circle to whom his valuable and instructive book will open a new source of enjoyment.

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Legends and Lyrics. A Book of Verses. By Adelaide Anne Procter. Second Volume. (Bell & Daldy.)

Characterised by the same depth of poetic feeling as its predecessor, we can accord to this second volume of Miss Procter's Poems no higher praise for it is high praise than that it is every way worthy of her.

Little Ella and the Fire King, and other Fairy Tales, by M. W., illustrated by Henry Warren. (Edmonston & Douglas.)

A series of pretty stories gracefully told, and with a simple moral suitable to the understanding of very young readers. Mr. Warren's illustrations will add to the pleasure of those lucky children who may receive this volume as a New Year's Gift.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.

ACKERMAN'S COTTAGES ON THE ESTATE OF THE DUKE OF BEDFORD.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be
sent to MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, Publishers of" NOTES AND
QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

THE HOLY BIBLE, in which the leading and more Interesting Chapters are Distinguished for Youthful Meditation, &c.: to which is prefixed The Porteusian Index. London: Printed for the Porteusian Bible Society. 1822. 12mo. 4 copies.

Wanted by W. F. De La Rue, 110. Bunhill Row, London, E. C.

FIRST FOLIO SHAKSPEARE. 1623. The title-page and verses opposite by B. I. not absolutely necessary.

Wanted by Mr. Realer, 39. Paternoster Row London, E.C. RITTER'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

Wanted by G. W. M. Reynolds, 41. Woburn Square, W.C.

Notices to Correspondents.

GENTLE READERS, ONE AND ALL, A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR TO YOU! This is the twelfth opportunity We have had of offering this friendly greeting; and when you look at the literary banquet which WE this day spread before you, we think that you will admit that, thanks to the kindness of our many learned Friends and Correspondents, eleven years have not exhausted our resources, that Age has not withered, nor Custom staled the infinite variety of Notes and Queries.

Mary Queen of Scots and Douglas of Lochleven; Deed of Richard Caur de Lion, with Love-Ribbon attached; Richard Hooker and the First Edition of his Ecclesiastical Polity; Van Lennep's Ballad, Heer vom Culemberg: Register of Christ Church, Cork; Was Macbeth a Usurper? Gutenberg's First Press; the Rev. M. A. Tierney's reply to Mr. Gardener; and many other Papers of equal interest, will appear in the next or following number.

DIARY OF WILLIAM OLDYS. We have been induced by the promise of some valuable but hitherto unused materials for the biography of this worthy, to postpone for a week or two the publication of the Diary.

PROPER NAMES AND REFERENCES. Our Correspondents will, we are sure, e.ccuse us if, at the commencent of a new volume, we once more remind them of the necessity of writing distinctly ALL PROPER NAMES at least; and of the trouble which they will save us if, when answering Queries, they would kindly add a reference to the volume and page in which the Queries replied to, are to be found.

E. W. SHACKELL will find the epitaph on Elia Lælia Crispis discussed in our 1st S. iii. 242. 339. 506.

A SUBSCRIBER. Samuel Lucas.

B. W. W. In the reign of James I.

J. A. STAVERTON. See our 1st S. x. 366. for some account of Sternhold and Hopkins's Psalms.

ERRATUM. 2nd S. x. p. 463. col. i. 1. 5. from bottom, for "the Aberford ash "read" the ash.'

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Sie Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 11s. Ad., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS. BELL AND DALDY, 186. FLEET STREET, E.C.: to whom al COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed.

Now ready, 30th Edition, with the Arms beautifully engraved, price 31s. 6d. handsomely bound, with gilt edges, ODGE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE H.R.II. The PRINCE CONSORT, and Corrected throughout by the Nobility.

LODGE'S

HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great Marlborough Street, W. NOVELTIES. Many such are now being exhibited at Messrs. Nicoll's new ware-rooms, for ladies' mantles and riding-habits; for instance, Highland waterproof cloaks, falling in graceful folds the whole length of the figure. Like the Spanish roquelaire, these have an expanding hood with a patent mecanique, for the purpose of raising the lower part, and leaving the wearer's arms free. The cloak is invaluable as a wrapper in travelling in carriage or walking exercise; and as it fits all figures it is the best present taken from London to the country. Scalfur and cloth jackets are also exhibited, the latter called au coin de feu -skilled forewomen attending to ladies' riding habits and trowsers. This branch, with the juvenile department, is now added to the original place of business, namely, 114. 116. 118., 120. Regent-street, where the best skill and materials of France, Germany, and England, with moderate price, may always be met with.

KNICKERBOCKERS. In the Cornhill Magazine, of October, 1860, the above costume is described in the following terms:-"Knickerbockers, surely the prettiest boy's dress that has appeared these hundred years." In order to place this great improvement in boy's dress within the reach of all well-to-do families, Messrs. Nicoll now make the costume complete for Two Guineas. There is a large selection of Paletots, overcoats, and other garments prepared for young gentlemen coming home for the holidays. H. J. and D. Nicoll, 114, 116. 118. 120. Regent-street, London.

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QUERIES:-Cecil Arms, 28-Lies and Truth, Ib. —Angel Halfpence Bomb - Chequers Harvey Combe- The Late Rt. Hon. William Elliot, of Wells, M.P. for Peterborough - Freebairne's Transcripts from the Vatican Mr. S. Gray-Handley and Pickering-Nevison, the Highwayman Norden's "Survey of Lindsey Johannes Percy- -"Protestant Magazine"-Richmond House, Holborn-Severe Winters-Welch Whitsuntide, 28. QUIRIES WITH ANSWERS: Satirical Allusion to Johnson-Blemunde's Diche - Rowley and Chatterton - Secondary Meaning of " Drug"-"Flim-Flams," &c., 30. REPLIES:- James I. and the Recusants, 31- - Fisher (not Ficher): a Commonwealth Poet, 32- Praed's Verses ascribed to Mother Shipton, 33 - Classical Surveying of Roman Roads, &c., Ib. - Chancels, 34- The Origin of Species, Ib. -"Collino Custure Me," 35 - Dutch Tragedy of Barneveldt Doldrum, King of the Cats - Separation of Sexes in Churches-Irish Manufactures-SmytanitesHenshaw Stationers of the Middle Ages-Haddiscoe

Font - Prince Maurice-Names on Jamaica Monuments -Story of a Swiss Lady-Sir John le Quesne-New Mode of Canonisation-A_Christmas Ditty of the Fifteenth Century -Curious Remains in Norwich - Arms of Haynes Greene Family," &c., 35. Notes on Books.

Notes. SPENCEANA.

SOME ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE, WRITINGS, AND CHARACTer of dr. swift.

(Continued from p. 3.)

After this loss of his great friend and tutor in politics, Swift went to London, and apply'd to King William, by way of petition, for a prebend of Westminster or Canterbury; one of which had been promis'd to him, on the sollicitation of his late friend. L Romney promis'd him to second his petition, but (as he suppos'd), never spoke a word about it. He also dedicated ST Wm Temple's Works to the king, but without any effect. This made him accept of an invitation from the Earl of Berkely, Lord Justice of Ireland, in conjunction with my Lord Galway, to attend him to that kingdom, as his Chaplain and private Secretary. He acted in both those capacities during the time of the journey, and expected to

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1

Bush. After they had been there some months, the Deanery of Derry became vacant2, and it was the Earl of Berkeley's turn to dispose of it.3 Swift expected it, but was put off with some livings, which bore but a small proportion to the value of the Deanery. These were the Rectory of Aghar, united to the Vicarages of Laracor and Rathbeggan, in the diocess of Meath 5, and were all together worth about 260l. a year. He himself supposed that this disappointment, too, was owing to the management of Secretary Bush; but others say that Dr King (then Bishop of Derry), remonstrated against him, as too young and too volatile, for the dignity and duties belonging to so great a Deanery. When Swift went down to his livings, he us'd to reside at Laracor, and lived there in a very exemplary manner. No body had more of True Christianity than he; and even as to the forms, he was very exact and punctual, except in two or three instances (which may be better given when we come to his character), when his humour seems to have run away with the general decency of his behavior.

7

6

About a year after his being presented to these livings, Swift took his Doctor's Degree, and pass'd the seven or eight following years, sometimes at Laracor, and sometimes at Dublin (where he was much at the Castle during La Berkeley's government), and now and then indulg'd himself with a trip into England. I imagine that latterly these grew more frequent. his papers under the character of Bickerstaff were written here, he must have been with us both in 1708 and in 1709; and the next year he began the longest visit that he ever made to England after the death of S William Temple. In the autumn of 1710 Dr Swift was empowered by the clergy of Ireland to transact an affair for them, which was of considerable consequence to that nation. About seven years before, Queen Anne had been so good as to give up the first fruits and tenths of the clergy of England, in order to make a fund for augmenting the smaller livings: this incited the clergy of Ireland to request that their first fruits and twentieth parts might, in the same manner, be given up by the crown, and apply'd toward purchasing glebes, and building residentiary houses for their poor-endow'd vicars. Swift, in the very beginning of this transaction, show'd his address, and great capacity for business. He 1 Dr. Swift's own account, p. 52.

2 Hawksworth, p. 14.

3 This was in the year 1700. Mr. Swift's note to Dr. Swift's own account, p. 52.

4 Dr. Swift, ibid.

5 Mr. Swift, p. 115.

6 Mr. Swift, p. 113., Lives of the Poets, v. 83. 7 Mr. Swift.

8 Mr. Hawksworth, p. 17.

9 See the Act of Parliament for the making more effectual her Majesty's Gracious Intentions for the Augmentation of the Maintenance of the Poor Clergy, in the second year of her reign.

chose to apply to the La Treasurer Oxford', who had been concern'd in obtaining the former favor for the English clergy. He got himself recommended to him as one who had been ill us'd by the Whig ministry. He was for applying solely to that lord; and when he himself desired him to communicate it to others, endeavour'd to seem to him to do it only in form; but that his whole trust was only in him. By these means he got that affair compleated in a little more than a month 3, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. No one of the writers that I follow has mentioned any particular case, that I remember, in which Swift was ill used by the Whig Ministry, but it is not difficult to collect from them, why he (who had a full notion of his own merit, and as high a detestation of ingratitude) might think himself ill us'd, by some of the chiefs of them. He had written a piece in 17014 in defence of the Las Somers and Halifax, and some other of King William's favourites, when they were pursu'd with so much warmth in the House of Commons. This he himself (as well as his cosin Swift) might think deserv'd some preferment for him in England, or some promotion in Ireland. As he got neither from any of them, this might be provocation enough to him to make him quit their party. However that be, in 1708, he wrote several things, which his cosin says 7 were design'd covertly against the Whig Administration. So that if the Doctors did not go to London in 1710, "with a design of attaching himself to the Tory ministers," he, at least, came pretty well prepared for it. The Lord Treasurer either saw so much in Dr. Swift, in their first interviews, or had entertain'd so high an opinion of him before, that he (and he was joined for this, by some other chiefs of the ministry, and particularly by La Bolingbroke), seems to have courted him to act with them, in a most uncommon manner, and he was of singular service to them by his writings, in the four last years of Queen Anne's reign; and would perhaps have been of yet more by his advice toward the close of it, had their private interests and enmities allow'd them to listen to

1 Mr. Swift, p. 145.

2 Dr. Swift's own account. Mr. Swift, p. 145.(?) 3 Mr. Swift, p. 145.(?)

4 Contests in Athens and Rome.

5 In this piece, Aristides was meant for Ld Somers; Themistocles for the Earl of Oxford; Pericles, La Halifax; and Phocion, the Earl of Portland. - Hawksworth, vol. iii.

6" Aristides and Pericles ought to have been grateful to him."-Mr. Swift, p. 147.

7 Id, p. 148. Speaking of his Sentiments of a Church of England Man; the Argument against wholly abolishing Christianity; and the Letter from a Member of the House of Commons in Ireland.

8 Mr. Swift, p. 329.

9 See the account of his reception by them in Mr. Swift, pp. 312. to 319. from his Letters to Mrs. Johnson, and Hawksworth, pp. 19. to 21,

him. They received him, from the very first, with a great deal of obligingness and condescension, and enter'd into a strong friendship, and a great deal of openness wth him, which encreased afterwards to such a height with La Oxford in particular, that perhaps there never was any poet received by a first minister into so intimate and familiar an acquaintance as Swift was by that lord, unless, perhaps, we are to except Horace's intimacy with Mæcenas.

Of the two most favourite writers of the people at that time [1710], Steele was very warmly engaged in the interest of the Whigs; and Addison, tho' either more cool or more cautious, was on the same side. A little before Swift's transactions with La Oxford, that weekly paper, called the Examiner, began to be publisht in defence of the Tory ministers and their schemes, and the chief writers of it were Prior and Oldisworth1; the former of whom was much fitter for telling a story in a lively manner in verse, than either for writing prose in general, or for controversial writings in particular; and the other never rose above the character of a mediocre writer, either in prose or verse. The ministry wanted some abler hand to defend so difficult a cause as theirs, and they found everything that they wanted in Dr Swift. This their distress, and his known abilities, may account perhaps for all the uncommon civilities and condescension which they show'd toward him. Swift, soon after his being wholy won to them by their behaviour, took their pen from those who were at first employ'd to write the Examiners, and kept it in his own hands 2 for above half a year, and maintained their cause in several very material pieces, and some very slight ones (as his manner was), for nobody argued more solidly, or jested more frivolously, than he, throughout all the remaining part of the queen's reign. What these were, will be more fully seen when we come to give the list of his writings. Just after he had compleated his part in the Examiner [1711], Swift began writing his Conduct of the Allies, and published it toward the close of the November following. This took so greatly, that there was a second edition of it within less than a week, which, tho' of 5000, sold off in 5 hours. This was in opposition to Steele's Crisis: had but too great an effect on the nation, and was of singular service in the support of that ministry and their measures. His Advice to the Members of the October Club (a set of above a hundred Tory Members of Parliament, who met frequently together, and were consulting how to carry on things with more violence than was

1 Dr. Friend, Atterbury, St. John, and W. Oldisworth were not employed till after Swift quitted it.-Dr. Lowth. See Advertisement before The Examiner.

2 The first Examiner of Swift's is No. 13. of Nov. 2, 1710; and he wrote all on to No. 44. June 7, 1711. Mr. Swift, p. 291.

thought adviseable by the ministry [1712]), was, I think, the next piece of importance that he publish'd. These gentlemen, not contented with displacing, were for prosecuting and inflicting capital punishments on such chiefs of the opposite party as were the most obnoxious; and Swift's address to them was meant to lessen their heats, and to give them more steadiness and temper.

(To be concluded in our next.)

GUTENBERG'S FIRST PRINTING PRESS.

When at Mayence a few months since, I visited the house in which Gutenberg first exercised his newly-discovered art of printing. The present Occupier is a wine-merchant, who obligingly showed me every thing which now remains connected with the inventor; and as it may not be known to many of your readers that part of his first printing-press has been found in that house, it may be interesting to give a short account of this precious relic, and the situation in which it has so long remained.

The house has been much altered since the time of Gutenberg, and the level of the street has been raised several feet, so that what is now the cellar was then the ground floor of the building. In 1857 Mr. Borzner (the late proprietor), in excavating underneath his house, discovered the walls which had formed the original cellars, and on removing some of these, he found a recess or closet, in which were the remains of the press and some other materials. I visited the place in which it was discovered. The room had evidently been whitewashed and furnished with windows. The principal piece of the press was the top cross beam, in which worked the upright screw. It was made of oak, and provided with the necessary hole in the centre, in which the screw thread is still visible. It is about 3 feet 4 inches long, and upon one side is deeply cut the following inscription: J. MCDXLI. G." This occupies the whole space, and there is no doubt that the unusual mode of expressing 400 by CD was adopted because there was not sufficient room for the cccc. The J and G are the initials of the printer. This fragment is now preserved in a

G.MODXLIG

66

glass case. With it were found some other pieces of wood, supposed to have been parts of the press, a few stone mulls, used no doubt for grind ing the ink, and four coins, one of each of the reigns of Augustus, Trajan, and Marcus Aurelius, one illegible.

Gutenberg, on his return from Strasburg about the year 1445, settled in a portion of the house of his paternal uncle, John Geinsfleish, the Hotel du Jungen, where he erected his press; and from the date on the beam it must have been used in Strasburg, where Gutenberg resided in 1441, in the production of prints from wood blocks, which he is known to have executed in that town. The locality in which the discovery was made confirms the opinion generally held, that he worked in secret, in order that the invention might not become public. John Schoeffer, the eldest son of Peter Schoeffer, in the end of a history which he printed in 1515, after giving an account of the invention of printing, says:

"That John Fust and Peter Schaeffer kept this art secret, binding with an oath all their assistants and servants on no account to reveal it, which art was afterwards spread abroad in different lands in the year 1462 * by the same assistants."

In 1462, Mayence was taken by Adolphe of Nassau, and Fust's printing-office destroyed, and during this commotion the workmen went to Rome, Cologne, Basle, Strasburg, &c.

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"The most worthy art of printing was first discovered in Germany, at Mayence on the Rhine, and was a great honour for the German nation. This took place from 1440 to 1450, during which time the art was perfected and what belongs to it. But in the year which is called print, and the first book printed was the Bible, and it 1450, a golden year (i. e. a jubilee year) they began to was printed in a thick letter, which is the letter now printed in missal books." "The first discoverer of printing was a citizen of Mayence, and his name was John Gutenberg." "The commencement and progress of the said art was related to me by Master Ulrich Zell, printer at Cologne, in the year 1499, through whom the art was first brought to Cologne." +

The discovery of the press, and the situation in

[* Our correspondent having expressed a strong wish for the insertion of this woodcut, which he very obligingly forwarded for the purpose, we felt compelled to break through our usual rule of excluding such illustrations. This exception might indeed be justified by the great interest of the subject.-ED. "N. & Q."]

† Cologne Chronicle, Koelhoff, 1499, pp. 311.

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