orphans have turned out excellent schoolmasters, surveyors, and even architects; and nearly the whole expense is defrayed by the Male Asylum Press, conducted by sixteen young men, and ten apprentices, all selected from the Institution."

"10th March.

"The Bishop held his visitation at St. George's, attended by fourteen of the clergy. His charge was much improved by the introduction of a good deal of matter connected with subjects of local interest, and especially some additional remarks on the Abbé Dubois. Mr. Lawrie, the junior minister of the Scotch Church, called on the Bishop after the service, and introduced the missionaries of the London Society, for here, as elsewhere, admiration and respect for him seem to form a point of union for members of every Church. A request has been made to him by some of the leading members of society that he would print the sermons preached during his residence at Madras, and he has consented to do so on his return. Several times, as we have been riding by St. George's, he has remarked its beautiful structure rising amidst the palms that surround it, as a striking emblem of the peaceful and gradual establishment of Christianity in India; and to-day, as we were going to church, he mentioned his intention of complying with this request, and promised to make a sketch of St. George's for the frontispiece of the little volume with this appropriate motto— Crescite felices, eoa crescite Palma!"

As in Bombay, the year before, Heber had enjoyed the society of the greatest administrator, Mountstuart Elphinstone, in Madras he soon learned to appreciate the extraordinary ability and high character of another of the group of remarkable Scotsmen then ruling the East-Sir Thomas Munro. That Glasgow boy had raised himself, alike as soldier and statesman, to be the noblest benefactor of the millions of South and Central India. When in 1819 the Hon. Hugh Elliot ceased to be Governor of Madras, and Lord William Bentinck declined the appointment, George Canning was about to nominate another as the successor, but on the Court of Directors suggesting the name of Munro, the great statesman at once said, "Nay, if you have such a card as that, it must be played." At the usual parting dinner given to the new Governor by the Court of Directors at the London Tavern, Canning declared that whatever the sources from which power

is derived, all were agreed that it should be exercised for the people, and if ever an appointment had taken place to which this might be ascribed as the distinguishing motive, it was Munro's. Lord William Bentinck, himself soon to become Governor-General, hastened to congratulate Munro that his great and noble services had at last toiled through to their just distinction. The officer who had ruled Madras for five years, after carrying out the military and revenue systems for the good of its millions of peasantry, was a man after the heart of Heber, and they appreciated each other.1 "There was something so mild, so amiable, and so intelligent about Heber that it was impossible not to love him," wrote Munro. Mt. Robinson gives us this picture of the two men and of Lady Munro :

"11th March.

"The Bishop, attended by the Archdeacon and eight of the clergy, visited the Nawab, or rather his uncle the Regent, Azim Jah Bahadur (for the Nawab himself is an infant). We were in our robes, and the Bishop in his Doctor's gown.

"Thence we went in our robes to Lady Munro, to whom the Bishop presented the vote of thanks from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, for her kind patronage, particularly of the schools at Vepery, to which she has been in the habit of presenting annual prizes from her own bounty. I have seldom

1 When, in 1821, George Canning resigned the office of President of the Board of Control, Munro wrote to him in terms like more than one passage of Heber's Journal: "I always dread changes at the head of the India Board, for I fear some downright Englishman may at last get there who will insist on making Anglo-Saxons of the Hindoos. I have no faith in the modern doctrine of the rapid improvement of the Hindoos or any other people. The character of the Hindoos is probably much the same as when Vasco da Gama first visited India, and it is not likely that it will be much better a century hence." After urging the opening of vernacular and English schools, by which, however, we shall not raise their moral character," he recommended the opening of high offices to the natives, which, ten years after, Lord William Bentinck began, and which has continued in increasing numbers to the present time. But he added, "All that we can give them without endangering our own ascendency should be given. The sphere of their employment should be extended in proportion as we find that they become capable of filling properly higher situations." See the late Dr. John Bradshaw's Sir Thomas Munro and the British Settlement of the Madras Presidency in Sir W. W. Hunter's series of the "Rulers of India." See also the maxims and suggestions collected from Munro's writings at pages 282, 283 of Gleig's Life, 1861 (John Murray).

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witnessed a more interesting or affecting picture: the beauty and gracefulness of Lady Munro, the grave and commanding figure of the Governor, the youthful appearance and simple dignity of the dear Bishop, the beloved of all beholders, presented a scene such as few can ever hope to witness. Sir Thomas listened with deep interest to every word that the Bishop addressed to her, and then said, while he pressed his hand and the tears were rolling down his venerable cheeks, 'My Lord, it will be in vain for me after this to preach humility to Lady Munro; she will be proud of this day to the latest hour she lives.' 'God bless you, Sir Thomas!' was the only answer the feelings of the Bishop allowed him to make; and God bless you, my Lord!' was the earnest and affectionate reply."

"12th March.

"The Bishop preached to an overflowing congregation at the chapel in the Black Town in the morning, and, great expedition having been used in completing the preparations for lighting St. George's, he preached the first evening lecture there, which he has established instead of the former afternoon service. The church was crowded to excess, and the Bishop's farewell address, from the words He sent them away, was a forcible and touching appeal to the hearts of his audience, especially begging them to continue their attendance at this new service, which he had suggested for their greater comfort, and charging them to remember him in their prayers. The somewhat singular text, together with the felicitous transition from the former and argumentative part of his sermon, to the concluding address, and its application to the immediate circumstances of the occasion, made a lasting impression on the minds of his auditors. Alas! they heard him again no more; he sent them away' with his last blessing!"

At Madras, in the closing passages of his Journal, Heber, for the first time in those years of incessant activity and frequent exposure under the Indian sun, describes himself as "almost worn out." In a fortnight he had preached eleven times, had presided at a large meeting of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, had visited six schools, had given two large dinner parties, and had received and paid visits innumerable. This he had done in a climate which he found decidedly hotter than the March he had spent in Calcutta, when the season was unusually sultry. He pronounced Vepery

church to be the finest Gothic ecclesiastical building he had seen in India, and sketched it as on the other side. This is the suburban church of Madras in which the present Archbishop Maclagan worshipped when stationed there as a captain of Madras Sepoys.

The last three weeks of his life were spent by Heber in the character of chief missionary, in which he delighted. With a zeal, a self-sacrifice, and an apostolic wisdom which Ziegenbalg and Schwartz had never surpassed, and the leaders of the Missionary Societies since in the fruitful fields of South India have rarely equalled, he marched from town to town and village to village ever about the Father's business. He left Madras, having formed more than one missionary project, which he hoped to complete on his return. Notably did he anticipate what it fell to others, and of other Churches, to establish long after, and on a wider basis-the establishing of a seminary, not merely for catechists and schoolmasters, but for the training of native ministers "for the immediate supply of the Peninsula." In spiritual, as in civil affairs, he would, at that early time, have taught the natives self-reliance, selfsupport, and missionary extension. His letters to his wife contain these passages :—

"MADRAS, 27th February 1826.

I breakfasted this morning with Sir T. Munro. He was very kind, and expressed regret that the want of accommodation in the Government House prevented his asking me there during my stay. In the course of my conversation with him I saw many marks of strong and original talent.”

"MADRAS, 7th March 1826.

"The chaplains here are a remarkably good and gentlemanly set, and I am greatly impressed with reverence for the worthy old missionary, Dr. Rottler. The weather is very hot-as hot, they say, as it is likely to be here; but I am extremely well. Nobody could be kinder or more considerate than both Sir Thomas Munro and Mr. Hill have shown themselves. They have assigned me a most comfortable set of tents; assigned me (what you will be glad to hear) a surgeon, Mr. Hyne, the deputy assay-master, said to be a very clever and agreeable man, and a young officer, Captain Harkness, by way of guide, and to command the escort, who knows the language and country of Travancore well, besides