CHALDEA

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE
RISE OF ASSYRIA

(TREATED AS A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE
STUDY OF ANCIENT HISTORY)

Zinaida. BY Ale hycena

Mme ZENAÏDE A. RAGOZIN

MEMBER OF THE "SOCIÉTÉ ETHNOLOGIQUE OF PARIS; OF THE AMERICAN
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE "ATHÉNÉE

ORIENTAL SOCIETY

ORIENTAL OF PARIS

SECOND EDITION, REVISED

"He (Carlyle) says it is part of his creed that history is poetry, could we
tell it right."-EMERSON.

"Da mihi, Domine, scire quod sciendum est."-"IMITATION OF CHRIST."
("Grant that the knowledge I get may be the knowledge worth having."-
Matthew Arnold's translation.)

NEW YORK

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN

743.7439

evard University,
Cucation Library.

TRANSFERRED TO

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

1932

COPYRIGHT

By G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
1886

Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by
The Knickerbocker Press, New York
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

§1. Complete destruction of Nineveh.-§§ 2-4. Xenophon

and the "Retreat of the Ten Thousand." The Greeks pass

the ruins of Calah and Nineveh, and know them not.-

$3. Alexander's passage through Mesopotamia.—§ 6. The

Arab invasion and rule.-§ 7. Turkish rule and mismanage

ment.—§ 8. Peculiar natural conditions of Mesopotamia.—

§ 9. Actual desolate state of the country.--§ 10. The plains

studded with Mounds. Their curious aspect.-§ 11. Frag..

ments of works of art amidst the rubbish.---§ 12. Indiffer-

ence and superstition of the Turks and Arabs.—§ 13. Exclu-

sive absorption of European scholars in Classical Antiquity.

-§ 14. Forbidding aspect of the Mounds, compared with

other ruins.- 15. Rich, the first explorer.—§ 16. Botta's

work and want of success.-§ 17. Botta's great discovery.

- 18. Great sensation created by it.-§ 19. Layard's first

expedition.

II.

LAYARD AND HIS WORK

19-35

1. Layard's arrival at Nimrud. His excitement and

dreams. § 2. Beginning of difficulties. The Ogre-like

Pasha of Mossul.-§ 3. Opposition from the Pasha. His

malice and cunning.- 4. Discovery of the gigantic head.

V