THE ORACLE Is regularly sold by the following newsagents, from whom back numbers can generally be obtained. Any newsagent, however, CASTLE CARY (Somerset) CHELMSFORD CHELTENHAM .. GOSPORT GRAVESEND GREAT MARLOW GUILDFORD .. .. IPSWICH JERSEY LEAMINGTON LLANELLY.. LEEDS .. LONDON E.C. LITTLEHAMPTON.. The Publisher will be pleased to appoint an agent for the sale of "THE ORACLE" in any town not represented. whose names do not appear in this list, can have their names inserted by communicating with the Publisher. A Contents Bill will be sent to any newsagent, post free, every week, on application. Printed and Published by HENRY JOHN INFIELD, 100, Fleet Street, London, E.C. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, ON ALL TOPICS, FREE OF CHARGE. VI. No. 146. (Registered for transmission abroad) FOR THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 18, 1882. Thrift-Will you kindly furnish a sketch of the public movement upon the subject of" Thrift," the most popular arguments in its favour, and some of the most valuable advantages likely to be derived from its adoption?-ROBT. M. S. "THE strength of France," said M. Gambetta, "is in a great measure due to the thrifty and industrious character of the French women." 66 Thrift," says the Times, "is a quality in which the English people are notoriously deficient. What is wanted is the discovery of some means by which the various economizing apparatus of the country might be brought into relation with the Post Office system, and yet not be absolutely absorbed in it. In France, Thrift, originated perhaps in necessity, has crystallized into a national habit." Mill and ether writers on political economy have also dwelt on the Englishman's reckless and extravagant propensities. Under these circumstances it occurred to some gentlemen interested in the amelioration of the community to form a National Thrift Society, which should have for its objects "the incul DREAD READFUL SUFFERING from NEURALGIA. How many unfortunate people experience this, agonized by a malady which, while it prevails, reduces the sufferer to the condition that all worldly advantages are for the time valueless! Yet it may be speedily removed and pain almost immediately allayed by "JENNER'S NEU. RALGIA PILLS," which are also wonderfully effective in curing Toothache and all Diseases of the Nerves. Sufferers are earnestly desired to try them. Sold by Chemists, 131d. per box, or sent direct for 15 stamps by the Proprietors, LAWRENCE & CO., 485, Oxford Street, London. (x. 3, 82.) ings wherever they are most needed, and in establishing Penny Banks. The first number of Thrift which appeared in January last, contains articles by Dr. W. B. Richardson, Miss Florence Nightingale, Professor Leoni Levi, and others. The journal states we might almost include as a fourth branch of our work, the miscellaneous information on various matters connected with Thrift, Life Assurance, &c., given both by correspondence and on personal application, and we may state, not without some amount of pride, that the whole of the above-mentioned work [Meetings, Banks, &c.] has been carried on with an income scarcely exceeding £400." The expenses of the working of the Society are defrayed by voluntary contributions, and among the donors or subscribers to the Society or the journal we notice the names of the Duke of Bedford, the Earls of Aberdeen, Derby, Jersey, Portsmouth, Shaftesbury, and Stanhope, together with a large number of nobility, clergy, and gentry. Offices, 1, Finsbury Circus, E. C. The following are a few of the pamphlets distributed gratuitously- Thrift in the House," "Thrift in the Workshop," "Cottage Thrift,'" "Glass of Beer Thrift," "Be Thrifty," General Economy,' "Save See also Thrift Lessons," 66 IRKBECK BANK.-Southampton Buildings, Current Accounts opened according to the usual practice of other Bankers, and Interest allowed on the minimum monthly balances when your Pence," &c., &c. not below No commission for keeping accounts, excepting undercharged by J. T. Walters. M.A. (3/6), and the works named in circumstances. The Bank also receives money on Deposit at Three per cent. Interest, repayable without notice. charge, the custody of Deeds, Writings, and The Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of the purchase and sale of Stocks and Shares. A Pamphlet, with full particulars, on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. 31st March, 1881. exceed Four Millions. immediate office of the BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. with immediate possession, either for Building or BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. PAMPHLETS POST FREE The Oracle, v. 82. Institutions. Thames Bridges.-Kindly inform me the dates of the opening of these IF YOU CANNOT PROCURE ONE OF OUR of the 18th century. new durable cation of a national habit of systematic thrift, by the The Birkbeck Building Society's Annual Receipts rst at a cost of £255,000: the second at that of wide-spread distribution of literature on the subject, £75,000; the third and fourth jointly at that of by the establishment of Penny Banks and Provident HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO £170,000; and the last at that of £35,974. WandsDispensaries throughout the country; by lectures, con- Possession and no rent to pay. Apply at the worth Bridge was made free 26th June, 1880, at a ferences, and meetings; by advocating life insurance,HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF LAND cost of £53,311. The other two bridges namedand the purchase of annuities; and by encouraging and Westminster and Blackfriars--were always free. The promoting thrift in various other ways." Such a society circumstances under which it happened that they were has accordingly been founded, of which the following are the officers, &c. :-President, the Earl of Shaftesso-for an imposition could not well be made, because of the necessity for a new bridge-were simply that the bury; Hon. Treasurer, S. Hoare; Hon. Secretary, old bridges were defective, and that the old bridges Colonel H. J. Willett; Chairman of Committee, Robt. were free from toll. Now it is curious that with Freeman; General Secretary, T. Bowden Green; regard to both these bridges, Prof. Fleeming Jenkins, Lecturers, Miss Emily Faithfull, W. E. Church, in his volume on the construction of bridges (reprinted and Dr. Greville Wallpoole. A large number of from the making edition of the Ency. Brit.), should meetings were held, and lectures delivered during 1881; thus express himself:-"Old Westminster Bridge and it is proposed to establish a centre for this Society (Labelye), and Old Blackfriars Bridge (Mylne), both of in each county. In the course of last year also a which have now been removed, were built in the middle deputation of fifteen gentlemen from the Society waited Their failure after so short a on Mr. Mundella, at the Education Office, to submit to period was due to a defective system of foundation, and him a scheme for the promotion of thrift in the elemento the increased scour caused by the removal of Old tary schools; and they found Mr. Mundella wholly in London Bridge." And as to Westminster Bridge, Hone, accord with their views. The scheme approved of by who has collected a vast amount of curious information the Education Department consists in the establishupon the subject of lotteries in his " Every-day Book," ment of a Penny Bank in every Board School in tells us that in the ninth year of George II., Parliament London; the management to be undertaken if possible passed an Act for building this bridge by a lottery, by some local members of the Thrift Society, so as not under a scheme shewing that £100,000 was to be to add any additional burden to the teachers. " "Gentleraised; there being 125,000 tickets at £5 each, and men," said Mr. Mundella, "you can have thousands of 30,616 prizes, amounting to £523,000, together with school banks in London alone in the course of a few £1000 for the first and last drawn. Other lotteries years; and if you do you will be doing good service to were granted for completing the bridge. The total your country, and we, as representatives of this departexpense of this bridge, which was thus defrayed by ment, will be most grateful to you." This Thrift Is renowned as the gem of all Washing Machines, Parliament, amounted to £389,500; while that of BlackSociety is one of the most recent of our national institufriars (at first called Pitt's bridge), was only £260,000, tions and promises to become one of the most practically and this was met by a toll imposed on passengers for beneficial. It has already established a monthly organ of several years but by the Act 52 Geo. III., a parits own, in which to expound its principles and chronicle ticular fund, consisting of a balance of consols, after its progress. The courteous secretary, Mr. Bowden Green, is very active in distributing gratuitously thrift payment for erection, rent of certain premises, and £15,000 raised on credit of the Orphans' Fund, was set pamphlets, tracts, and papers, and in organising meetapart for lighting, watching, cleaning, and repairs. History. The Crusades.-Will you give an epitome of the Crusades ?— L. ADVERTISEMENTS. N. FOWLER, Phrenological Publisher, An Improved Bust (in china). 10s. 6d. Is, and is. 6d. 45. Phoenician coast, the last fief of the kingdom of Jerusalem, was taken by Sultan Kelaun. See Michaud's "History of the Crusades," translated from the French by W. Robson (Routledge); "The History The Pet of the Household. By Mrs. Fowler. 45. of the Crusades," by Charles Mills, 1820; G. P. R. The Manual of Phrenology By A. T. Story. James's "Chivalry and the Crusades," 1838; the latter Board School Gymnastics. By A. T. Story, Is. volumes of Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman The Phrenological Magazine, a monthly periodi- Empire"; Proctor's "History of the Crusades," 1854; cal of Mental Science, Education, and Enter-and Children's Crusade" (New York), 1870. Also Full Catalogues of Phrenological Works on good epitomes in Ripley and Dana's "American Cyclopædia," "Encyclopædia Britannica,' Penny Cyclopædia," and most other cyclopædias of any note. Age of Commencement of Life Work. Please give the age of tainment, 6d. monthly. application. (z. 2, '82) POPULAR DIALOGUES, &c.-Thousands of DIALOGUES aud PIECES on Temperance TO TOBACCONISTS COMMENCING.-A pamphlet post free, How to Open Seymour MICHAEL PAINE, 5, tracts made. Price lists on application. M. P. CRUSADES (Fr. croisade) was the name given to the COMPANY LONDON AND COUNTY ADVANCE AND periods, repayable by easy instalments, at (r. 26, '82). FOR the Latest and fresh Midland Counties T ADVERTISING AGENTS.-"The Mex- Wath-on-Dearne, and Conisboro' Gazette," as a copy of paper may be had on application to the HEXHAM COURANT. Market Place, Hexham, Northumberland. some great men when they began their life's work, especially those who have been instrumental in advancing Christianity.-J. P. H. HAT ATTERS, Wholesale and Retail, should THERE must be great incompleteness in any answer to Examiner, the only Weekly Journal published such a question as this. Advertise in the Denton and Haughton Perhaps the best plan will connection with the Hatting Trade. Office: be to run through a few instances occurring to us, prietor: W. J. Knowles. Market Place, Denton, near Manchester. Pro- in alphabetical order, and then to add others suggested by books dealing with famous, clever, or otherwise Conspicuous boys. The incidents of life lead 80 directly one into another, that except where from childhood the work afterwards associated with the child's name has been pursued, it is impossible to fix any point at which the "life-work " may be said to have begun. This is still more so among the clergy, especially of the Church of England, as the times fixed by the rules of the Church do not allow considerable differences. It is fortunate, however, that there is no custom so inflexible as that recognized by the Jews. Following this plan, we find that Pierre Abelard (v. 406) devoted himself to study from his youth, and, having left his first teacher Rosceline, came to Paris at the age of twenty, and in less than two years had rivalled and eclipsed his tutor, Guillaume de Champeaux. Lord Abinger had from boyhood an appearance of sedate importance, and this, with practical sagacity, procured early for him a rapid and lucrative business. On the other hand, Albertus Magnus was in early youth singularly obtuse: but he soon displayed prodigious capacity, so that his immense and varied acquirements rapidly raised him to eminence. Philip, setting out on an expedition against Byzantium, delegated to his son Alexander the Great, then sixteen, the government during his absence. Alexander's first essay in arms was made two years later, at the battle of Chaeronea, by which his father established the Macedonian supremacy in Greece. Alfieri displayed in childhood his self-willed obstinacy of character; and, at the end of his education, he was nearly as ignorant as at its commencement. serious work began at twenty-five or twenty-six. St. Ambrose, owing doubtless in great part to the cry of the child of the crowd, "Ambrosius Episcopus," was a bishop at thirty-four. Thomas Aquinas, from his earliest years, was smitten with a love of solitary study, and, when a very young man, entered the Dominican roving, but the influence of his mother Monica, and the preaching of St. Ambrose produced a permanent change in him when thirty-two. Anna Letitia Barbauld was as remarkable while a child for quickness of intellect and goodness of disposition, as, in later life, she was for the elegance of her taste, the extent of her acquirements, and her skill in classical literature. The juvenile habits of Richard Baxter in THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE COAL AND IRON cluded such naughtinesses as lying and stealing fruit: is the best me lium for advertising in one of the but he was ordained at twenty-three, and rapidly in Yorkshire. It was established in 1858, and was most important mining and ironworking districts gained such a reputation at Bridgenorth as to be enlarged in 1876 to 56 long columns. It is the earnestly invited to Kidderminster. Beckett and only newspaper published in the Borough and Union of Rotherham, and has a large circulation Bede both entered carly on their course. throughout South Yorkshire. Besides full and education of Beethoven began under his father when of general and Parliamentary intelligence, he was only five. Bellini produced at the San Carlo editorials, and comments on important local Theatre, Naples, his opera Bianco e Ferdinando before selections, and the latest telegrams appear weekly. he was twenty. Edward Bickersteth did not preach IMPORTANT TO ADVERTISERS. Estab his first sermon till twenty-nine, his earlier life being PENDEN 1850BRIEN, ESHIRE INDE spent in the Post Office and in the law. Blumenbach, Weekly Journal. Is published every Friday naturalist, physiologist, and comparative anatomist, the country by Baturday morn reach all parts exhibited, while still a child, inclination for those Contains special, original, and authentic reports pursuits which in after years distinguished him. and foreign news, paying great attention to Bossuet, the divine, at the age of sixteen, began by literature, with reviews of books, magazines, etc. occasional exhibitions, to evince his extraordinary Terms for advertising are moderate, and pub lisher will furnish specimen copies free on appli powers of pulpit eloquence. JOHN MILLER, Publisher, High Street, Earr Thomas Brown, when cation. Paper, post free, 6s. 6d. per arnum but eighteen, published his reply to Darwin's head, to whom Post Office orders, bank cheques "Zoonomia." C. Julius Cæsar was in quite early etc.. are made payable. manhood when he distinguished himself in camp and forum; but is at the same time one of the very few whose most distinguishing actions have fallen at a period later in life than thirty, Calcott, son of a bricklayer, and Doctor of Music, gave very soon KENT COUNTY MA Serial advertisements inserted at one charge in himself with the crown from the altar. A sixth expe- THE FROME TIMES is published every Wed- order. St. Augustine was in early life loose and dition was proclaimed, but with no good result. The Christians were driven from Jerusalem; but in 1238 the English arrived, and Jerusalem and most of the Latin kingdom was ceded to them. This crusade thus honourably closed in 1240. The seventh grew out of that vast Mogul movement which terrified the world in the thirteenth century. At its close, 1244, the Egyptians held the holy city. In 1245, a seventh crusade was proclaimed at the Council of Lyons. It was chiefly confined to France and England, and was led by Louis IX. of France. The war lasted for years, and was characterized by constant disaster to the Christian arms. At length the Latin principality of Antioch fell in 1268, myriads of Christians being slain or sold into slavery. Nothing was left but Acre. For the last time Europe's Christian zeal was roused, and the eighth crusade begun. Louis IX. headed it in 1270. But on his death, and that of crowds of brave soldiers and illustrious nobles, the French relinquished the enterprise; but the English, numbering only 1,000, who had joined them, headed by Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I., resolved to proceed to Palestine. The name of Plantagenet was great in the East, and Sultan Bibars, the oft-times victor of the Christians, immediately retreated. Edward collected 7,000 men, defeated a Mussulman army, and stormed Nazareth, which became the scene of a frightful massacre. But his ranks succumbed to disease, and, despairing of success, he concluded a truce of ten years and departed home, 1272; and so came to an end the last crusade, 177 years from the preaching of the first. In 1289, Tripoli, on the indications of the career awaiting him. Calvin received, when twelve, a benefice in the cathedral at Norgon, and, at seventeen, the pastoral cure of Monteville; but by twenty-three he had provoked the Sorbonne through his zeal for the new doctrines. The Venetian government recognized the power and beauty of Canova's work in his early age. Charles XII., on coming to the throne, was despised as a weak boy by the rulers of Russia, Poland, and Denmark, but the Swedish king, fifteen years of age, shewed astonishing and successful energy. Chatterton died at seventeen. At thirteen, Cherubini wrote a Mass full of the promise of his future eminence. Cicero in boyhood displayed great aptitude for learning. Adam Clarke when placed at school was dull, but little after seventeen his love for Hebrew and Biblical studies was awakened. Samuel Clarke was already tolerably known as the translator of Rohault's physics, when, aged twentyfour, he published "Three Practical Essays on Baptism, Confirmation, and Repentance." The daring and unmanageable spirit of Clive was manifest in boyhood he gave up the mercantile profession for a captain's commission at twenty-two, between four and tive years later he had relieved Trichinopoly. Cranmer's important work, whether as courtier or divine, was rather late in life. The premature intellect of D'Alembert was such that at ten he had acquired all the knowledge his masters could convey him. Sir Humphrey Davy was lecturer at the Royal Institution when twenty-three. Timothy Dwight gave evidences of extraordinary quickness when a child; he was appointed tutor in Yale College at nineteen, and in his first session conducted his pupils through spherics and fluxions into the Principia of Newton. He was not licensed to preach till twenty-five. The acuteness of intellect of Jonathan Edwards was well developed in boyhood: he was thirty-two when the cause of the remarkable religious excitement marking in America the year 1735. Sir Thos. Fairfax served under Lord Vere when a ripe boy. Fénelon became qualified to obtain orders at the age of twenty-four; his first appointment was to the superiorship of the newlyconverted female Catholics, and his success in this station brought him under the notice of Louis XIV. Further instances will be given in future issues. Dying to Save the Queen's Colours."-Kindly give me an account of Lieutenants Melville and Coghill's struggle to save the Queen's Colours in the battle of Insandlihana, and any other episode of a like character.-ALEPH. Os the 22nd January, 1879, when the Zulus made their final charge at the battle of Isandlwhana, and, in overpowering numbers, surrounded the British, a desperate rush was made by some of the mounted officers and men towards the far away Buffalo river. Lieutenant Teignmouth Melville, the Adjutant of the 1-24th Warwickshire) Regiment, a Cornishman, seized the Colours and galloped off. The bed of the Buffalo is rocky, and the water rushes by in channels, now deep, now shallow. The fugitives had been closely pursued by the enemy on foot the whole way. The ground was Borough that the Zulus easily kept up with the horsemen, many of whom were slain. Lieutenant Melville plunged tato the stream and struggled to get across. He had on a acarlet jacket and thus especially drew upon him the fire of the pursuers who had gained the bank. His horse reared and plunged amidst the rocks, and, though A magnificent rider, he was thrown, for the Colours hampered him. He was washed against a boulder, to which clung an officer of the Natal Native Contingent, who, at Melville's request, caught hold of the Colours. But the stream came at such a pace that it washed both off the rock, into deep still water. Here Lieut. Coghill, A.D.C., also of the 1-24th, who had dden safely across, went in to assist Melville, who had to let the Colours go. Coghill's horse was shot dead before he could reach his comrade. All three got cut, however, and, terribly exhausted, began to climb the steep bank. Coghill was lame from a wound in his knee. He saw the Zulus who had crossed coming after them, and said he could go no further; Melville said he too was done up. They defended themselves with revolvers as long as they could. The Contingent officer who was unarmed went on. Here the two officers were either shot or assegaied. A week afterwards their bodies, neither stripped nor mutilated, were found lying close to each other, and 350 yards from the river bank. On the 4th of February, Major Black, of the 2-24th Regiment, with a small party of volunteers, went from Rorke's Drift, and buried the bodies where they fell. They then sought for the Colours, About 500 ADVERTISEMENTS. Books for Sale. Alpha, 1, Belle Vue, Weymouth. 48 Is, vols. What offers? 1879, 36 numbers. What offers! "C. B.," care of H. 3. Infield, 100, Fleet Street, E.C. In Q. Horatium Flaccum, Notæ atque Emendationes, 1711. Dutch Bible, date 1633, measures 5 by 7, and z inches thick, with wooden backs." Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible, 3 vols., date 1732, folio. Pearson on the Creed, 1676. of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, eight yards below the crossing place, they found first the Colour case, and then the Colours in rags lying in the water. They would not have found them had not the river gone down three feet since the day they were lost. Major Black rode back to the Laager at Rorke's Drift, where the Colours were received with cheer after cheer by the men of the 2nd Battalion, who lined the walls made of biscuit boxes and mealie sacks.-Lieutenant (afterwards Colonel) O'Connor, of the 23rd Foot, was one of the centre serjeants at the battle of the Alma, and advanced between the officers carrying the Colours. When near the Redoubt, Lieutenant Anstruther, who was carrying a Colour, was mortally wounded, and Lieutenant O'Connor was shot in the breast at the same time and fell, but, recovering himself, snatched up the Colour from the ground, and continued to carry it till the end of the action, although urged by Captain Granville to relinquish it and go to the rear on account of his wound.-Lieutenant F. S. Roberts (now Gen. Sir, condensed, by R. N.K.C.B.) was following up the retreating enemy at Khodagunge, on the 2nd January, 1858, when he saw in the distance two Sepoys going away with the stan dard. Lieutenant Roberts put spurs to his horse and overtook them just as they were about to enter a village. They immediately turned round and presented their muskets at him and one of the men pulled the trigger, but fortunately the cap snapped and the standard bearer was cut down by Lieutenant Roberts, and the standard re-taken by him. books by Richard Hooker, 1682. The Works of Thomas Jackson, D.D., 1653. Carver, F., Lynn, Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1592, Antwerp, calf. What offers ? Speed's Atlas, 1627. Gill, F. S. H., 43, Southampton Row, London. Clark's commentary Young, 3 vols. (published £1 11s. 6d.), 175. 6d. Christian Lyrics, 2s. 6d. Longfellow's Prose Works, 2s. 6d. Maguire's St. Peter Non-Roman, 15. H. R. G. care of H. field. Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea (an anonymous satire, by Chas. Johnston), 4 vols. 1775. Pocis, Grant of Loggen, 1803. Luther on the Psalins of Degrees, translated by H. Bull, 1615 Botanist's Guide, Dawson Turner, 1805. A. Walker's Familiar Philosophy, 2 vols., 4to, 1802. What offers ? Hugill, F. S., City Club, Ludgate Circus, E.C. Maunder's Treasury of Biography (over 1,000 memoirs added by Cates, 1870), 38. 6d. Douay Bible, 1857 35. Rhemes and the Bishops' Testaments, with Jefferies, Bedwin Street, Salisbury. Grimm's Goblins, 24 plates after Cruikshank, new, 25. (pub. 3s. 6d.) Defoe's Plague in London, Cruikshank plates, Fulke's Notes, 1601. 10s. 6d. new, 35. 2d. (pub. 6s.) Scott's Demonology and Witchcraft, plates, new, 25. 9d. (pub, 6s.) Macmillan, W., Castle Cary, Somerset. A Book of Architecture, containing designs of London, 1728. Buildings and Ornaments, by James Gibbs, Middleton, A., 74, High Street, Birmingham. Froude's England, Cheap Edition, vols. 1 to 4, as new. Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, vols. The Antiquary Magazine, vol. 1 in publisher's Notes and Queries, vols. 1, 2, & 3, sixth series, 3 to 15. Clean, in numbers. binding, 2 in parts. clean in Nos, with indexes. The Bookseller, 1879, 1880, 1881. 1, complete in parts. Smith's Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, vol. Sutton Arthur, Leicester Road, Quorndon, Leicestershire. Magazine of Art, 1880-1, loose. Cassell's Technical Educator, 14 monthly parts. In good condition. What offers ? S. C. T. C., care of G. Hasman, South Road. Glover's Fields, Reigate, Surrey. Dana's Seaman's Manual, 45. Practical Navigation, The Sailor's Sea Book, Greenwood, 5s. Both new. Wilkinson, H., 2, Catlin Street, S.E. Goldsmith's England (abridged, with continuation to Victoria). Biography. Lady Hester Stanhope.-Please give the life of Lady Hester HESTER LUCY STANHOPE was the eldest child of Charles third Earl Stanhope, by Hester, daughter of the great Earl of Chatham. She was born in London, Mar. 12, 1766. On the death of Lady Chatham, in 1803, she went to live with her uncle William Pitt, acting as his secretary, and enjoying his confidence. She continued with him until his death in 1806, when, having been recommended by her uncle to the care of the nation, she was granted a pension of £1,200. Being, however, used to display and grandeur, she found this income insufficient, and therefore retired into Wales, where for a time she lived in great retirement. There she became impressed with the idea that a great destiny awaited her in the Orient, and so made a journey to Syria, visiting Jerusalem, Palmyra, Damascus, and Baalbec, an adventurous undertaking for a female in those days of restricted travel. The Arabs treated her as a queen, over-awed by her display of wealth, and by her varied accomplishments and address; she was tall, stately, and fearless, able to wield the sword as well as the pen. In 1813, she established herself in the deserted convent of Mar Elias, close to the little village of d'Joun, and eight miles from Sidon. Here she adopted the dress, as she did the affairs, of an emir, wearing the pipe and weapons, and ruling her Albanian guards and servants with absolute authority. The convent was situated upon an isolated eminence among the wildest scenery of the Lebaum. She converted it into a fortress, which, garrisoned by her favourite Albanians, became a very cave of Adullam, all who were persecuted and distressed taking refuge there, seeking her assistance. The influence this extraordinary woman wielded over the surrounding country became so powerful, that when Ibraham Pasha was about to invade Syria, in 1832, he was forced to entreat her neutrality. In the same year, after the siege of Acre, she sheltered several hundred refugees. She promulgated peculiar religious sentiments, to which she was faithful to the last, but there is no doubt that on certain points her mind was diseased; this is clear from the fact that in a splendid stable she kept two mares on which she fancied she was to ride with the Messiah into Jerusalem on his second advent. She believed in, and practised, astrology, and other occult arts. Her prodigality and generosity combined, overwhelmed her with debts, by which, during the latter years of her life she was much harassed. She died attended solely "Z. Q.." care of II. J. Infield, 160, Fleet Street-by a numerous troop of native servants who plundered Whytehead's Poetical Remains (scarce), 45. 6d. the house ere the breath had left her body. Her Matthison's Little Hero, &c. (with author's tomb is in the garden adjoining her wild retreat. Her death took place at d'Joun, June 23, 1839. Her "Memoirs as Related by Herself" have been published in three volumes, while the account of her "Travels" fills three volumes more. See the accounts given of visits to her by Alexander William Kinglake, Lamartine, and Dr. Richard Robert Madden. See Warburton's "Crescent and Cross. Cassell' England (first 4 vols.), unbound Comp et files of The Times for 1880 and 1881 (weekly edition), separate or together. Offers invited. Williams, F. F., 11, Oberstein Road, New Wandsworth, S. W. The Merchant's Counting-house Companion, by George T. Graham. 45. 6d. Books used at Dulwich College:Latin-Arnold's Prose Composition, Part I. Cesar De Bello Gallico (Cambridge), A. J. Church's Ovid Selections. French-Darque's Grammar, parts I to II. Law. Yearly Tenancy.-Can the premises let under this agreement be Liquidation: Father and Son.-A has liquidated. Nine months B WILL have to swear that the amount is due to him, Notice to Quit.-I entered upon the house I am now living in on Cumberland ?-E. H. I. You are responsible for the damage done to your neighbour's property by your fowls. It would be necessary to prove that some injury had been done before the plaintiff could obtain a verdict; but even the smallest amount would render you liable to pay costs. You ought to use greater vigilance in future, in order to avoid this danger. Death of Tenant for Life.-Can you tell me what action should be taken by a trustee in order to immediately secure the rents on weekly property upon the death of a widow (who had only a life interest in such property but who had disposed of such life interest to another person) so that the rents could be applied for the benefit of the children entitled under the will on the death of the widow? -C. B. ADVERTISEMENTS. "NOTESCO,' THE NEW LINIMENT, Is endorsed by the medical faculty and highly recommended. Neuralgia, Tic-Doloureux, Toothache, Burns, Scalds, Bruises, Black Eyes, etc. It is also "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, is a splendid sinks into a refreshing slumber and the "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, is invaluable "NOTESCO," the New Liniment,', for Rheu matic Gout. "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, for Burns and Scalds. "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, for Bruises and Sprains Each person who publishes such a work must obtain the information for himself. (2) You may write to as many persons as you please, and get their addresses either from any directory or directories, or in any other way which may be practicable; but, if you depend upon this alone, your class' directory will be imperfect, and comparatively valueless. It is impossible to do anything which is worth doing without taking quite applicable to the getting up of a directory. the proper amount of trouble about it; and this rule is Trustee.-Please explain duties and responsibilities of.-MARS. THERE are various kinds of trustees; and their duties and responsibilities vary according to the terms of the instruments by which they are respectively appointed. A trustee is a person in whom money or other property is legally vested for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que trust; the property so vested being called the trust estate. A trustee may be appointed by deed or Will, and in some cases no such appointment is necessary. If one person becomes possessed of property in which any other person (his wife, for instance) has a beneficial interest the Courts will hold that he is in him to execute such a settlement as may be necessary equity a trustee for that other person, and will direct trusts arise from many circumstances, e.g., if one person in order that substantial justice may be done. Implied purchase property and it is by his direction conveyed to another person, the latter would be held to be a trustee for the former who paid the money; unless there were some evidence of the intention of the former to benefit the latter by giving him the land. Or if a mortgage be paid off without re-conveyance, the mortgagee becomes a trustee of the legal estate for the owner of the land. But we must hasten to consider your question as it relates to express trusts. Leaving details aside, we may observe that a trustee must do whatever the instrument appointing him directs to be done; and that he must not charge for his personal attention or loss of time, unless he be expressly authorised to do so by some direction contained in the deed or Will. If he be directed to sell land, the law will give him all powers which may be necessary for carrying the sale into effect, although the document be silent as to those powers. If a testator directs the payment of his debts, and charges them upon his real estate, this will give to the trustees an implied power to sell the real estate; and they will be authorised effectually as if an express power for that purpose had without any express declaration to sell and convey as been inserted in the Will. It is the duty of a trustee to use the same care in all his dealings with the trust estate as a prudent man would exercise in the managea ment of his own property. He must also use due diligence in getting in outstanding debts, rents, &c. Any negligence in either of these respects may have the effect of rendering him personally responsible for any loss which may be directly occasioned thereby; but he will not be responsible for any loss which may happen without his wilful neglect or default. Thus, if, in "NOTESCO," the new Liniment, for Black Eyes. "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, for Cuts. "NOTESCO," the New Liniment, stops Bleed ing. You must give notice to the purchaser of the life interest Mistress and Servant.-I was engaged to Mrs. T for 12 months; it. P.0.0. payable at Vigo Street, W. being engaged to be married, I left when I had served 6 months, Price, 18. 1jd., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., 118., 228., 338. accordance with usual business custom, trust money be giving her verbal and written notice, but she declined paying wages due. Can I get it? If so, what steps must I take to get it?LOUISA. Per Bottle. A. Z. GERMAINS, You may sue in the County Court for the wages due deposited in a bank, either on current account or waiting for investment, and the bank should fail, the trustee would not be responsible, unless he had been warned that failure was imminent, and had neglected to take the warning. If the instrument defines the kinds of securities upon which the trust money may he invested, any loss occasioned by investments upon any other kind of security would fall upon the trustee. If a trustee should use any part of the trust estate in his own business the Court might order him either to account for the profits made thereby, or to pay a higher AGENTS, rate of interest than is usual; but if he should lose any part of the money, he would have to replace it out of his own money; thus illustrating two rules. (1) That he must not make an unauthorized profit out of the trust estate. (2) That he is responsible for losses occasioned by investment in unauthorized securities, A trustee may charge the trust estate all expenses necessarily incurred in its management; and may employ solicitors, estate agents, collectors, and such other persons as may be requisite to assist him therein; JOHN SANGER & SONS, 252, OXFORD STREET. (From the Anglo-American Times.) NOTESCO. This is a Liniment-with a spirit as it not only is an invaluable Specific in all cases of Neuralgia and Rheumatic Gout, removing a pimples and unsightly skin diseases but imparts to the skin in hot and dusty weather a most basis-that is n reality more than it claims to be Getting up a Directory.-Copyright.-Can a Class Directory for the United Kingdom be compiled from the existing general directories (without infringing their copyrights), either (1) by merely extracting the required names from the directories, or (2) nothing at all deleterious, and if taken internally though if he undertakes any of the trouble himself, he cooling and invigorative effect. It contains the majority of the so-called infants' soothing sending a form to each of the addresses, asking the recipient to (1) You must not copy the information which has been (oa 28, '82.) must not charge for doing so. If any doubt should arise as to the persons entitled to any part of the trust money, the trustee may pay the money into Court, and leave the contending parties to apply for it, thus being responsibility. A trustee who is in any doubt as to his relieved of what might otherwise be a perplexing duty in any particular, may apply to a judge in chambers for his opinion or direction, and thus escape |