Then came of every race the mingled swarm, XXIV. Short time is now for gratulating speech: Thy country's flight, yon distant tow'rs to reach, XXV. Past was the flight, and welcome seem'd the tow'r, XXVI. A scene of death! where fires beneath the sun, XXVII. But short that contemplation-sad and short Where friendly swords were drawn, and banners flew ; And Scotia's sword beneath the Highland thistle shines. And Albert-Albert-falls! the dear old father bleeds! XXX. « Go, Henry, go not back, when I depart, In heav'n; for ours was not like earthly love. No! I shall love thee still, when death itself is past. ΧΧΧΙ. Half could I bear, methinks, to leave this earth,And thee, more loved than aught beneath the sun, If I had lived to smile but on the birth Of one dear pledge;—but shall there then be none, To clasp thy neck, and look, resembling me? Lord of my bosom's love! to die beholding thee!»> XXXII. Hush'd were his Gertrude's lips! but still their bland Ah, heart! where once each fond affection dwelt, Of them that stood encircling his despair, And we shall share, my Christian boy! The foeman's blood, the avenger's joy! XXXVI. But thee, my flow'r, whose breath was giv'n By milder genii o'er the deep, The spirits of the white man's heav'n Nor will the Christian host, Nor will thy father's spirit grieve, XXXVII. .To-morrow let us do or die! But when the bolt of death is hurl'd, Its echoes, and its empty tread, XXXVIII. . Or shall we cross yon mountains blue, He heard some friendly words;-but knew not what Whose streams my kindred nation quaff'd? they were. XXXIII. For now, to mourn their judge and child, arrives XXXIV. Then mournfully the parting bugle bid He watch'd, beneath its folds, each burst that came XXXV. . And I could weep; -th' Oneyda chief His descant wildly thus begun: But that I may not stain with grief The death-song of my father's son, Or bow this head in woe! For by my wrongs, and by my wrath! (That fires yon heav'n with storms of death) Shall light us to the foe: And by my side, in battle true, A thousand warriors drew the shaft? Ah! there in desolation cold, The desert serpent dwells alone, Where grass o'ergrows each mould'ring bone And stones themselves to ruin grown Like me, are death-like old. Then seek we not their camp,-for thereThe silence dwells of my despair!. XXXIX. . But hark the trump!-to-morrow thou NOTES. Note 1, page 13, col. 1. From merry mock-bird's song. THE mocking-bird is of the form, but larger, than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey. What is said of the nightingale, by its greatest admirers, is what may, with more propriety, apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste. Towards evening I have heard | passage as a specimen of their metaphorical manner : <«< Where shall I seek the chair of peace? Where shall I find it but upon our path? and whither doth our path lead us but unto this house?» one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which by this means, had a most astonishing effect. A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years. During the space of a minute he was heard to imitate the wood-lark, chaffinch, blackbird, thrush, and sparrow. In this country (America) I have frequently known the mocking-birds so engaged in this mimicry, that it was with much difficulty I could ever obtain an opportunity of hearing their own natural note. Some go so far as to say, that they have neither peculiar notes, nor favourite imitations. This may be Their few natural notes resemble those of the (European) nightingale. Their song, however, has a greater compass and volume than the nightingale, and they have the faculty of varying all intermediate notes in a manner which is truly delightful.-ASHE's Travels in America, vol. ii, p. 73. denied. Note 2, page 13, col. 1. And distant isles that hear the loud Corbrechtan roar. The Corybrechtan, or Corbrechtan, is a whirlpool on the western coast of Scotland, near the Island of Jura, which is heard at a prodigious distance. Its name signifies the whirlpool of the Prince of Denmark; and there is a tradition that a Danish prince once undertook, for a wager, to cast anchor in it. He is said to have used woollen instead of hempen ropes, for greater strength, but perished in the attempt. On the shores of Argyleshire, I have often listened with great delight to the sound of this vortex, at the distance of many leagues. When the weather is calm, and the adjacent sea scarcely heard on these picturesque shores, its sound, which is like the sound of innumerable chariots, creates a magnificent and fine effect. Note 3, page 13, col. 2. Of buskin'd limb, and swarthy lineament. In the Indian tribes there is a great similarity in their colour, stature, etc. They are all, except the Snake Indians, tall in stature, straight, and robust. It is very seldom they are deformed, which has given rise to the supposition that they put to death their deformed children. Their skin is of a copper colour; their eyes large, bright, black, and sparkling, indicative of a subtile and discerning mind: their hair is of the same colour, and prone to be long, seldom or never curled. Their teeth are large and white; I never observed any decayed among them, which makes their breath as sweet as the air they inhale.- Travels through America by Capts. LEWIS and CLARKE, in 1804-5-6. Note 4, page 14, col. 1. Note 6, page 14, col. 1. Our wampum league thy brethren did embrace. When they solicit the alliance, offensive or defensive, of a whole nation, they send an embassy with a large belt of wampum and a bloody hatchet, inviting them to come and drink the blood of their enemies. The wam pum made use of on these and other occasions, before Note 7, page 14, col. 1. As when the evil Manitou. . It is certain the Indians acknowledge one Supreme Being, or Giver of Life, who presides over all things; that is, the Great Spirit; and they look up to him as the source of good, from whence no evil can proceed. They also believe in a bad Spirit, to whom they ascribe great power; and suppose that through his power all the evils which befall mankind are inflicted. To him, therefore, they pray in their distresses, begging that he would either avert their troubles or moderate them when they are no longer avoidable, «They hold also that there are good Spirits of a lower degree, who have their particular departments, in which they are constantly contributing to the happiness of mortals. forThese they suppose to preside over all the extraordinary productions of Nature, such as those lakes, rivers, and mountains that are of an uncommon magnitude; and likewise the beasts, birds, fishes, and even vegetables or stones, that exceed the rest of their species in size or singularity.-CLARKE's Travels among Peace be to thee! my words this belt approve. The Indians of North America accompany every mal address to strangers, with whom they form or recognise a treaty of amity, with a present of a string, or belt, of wampum. Wampum (says Cadwallader Colden) is made of the large whelk shell, Buccinum, and shaped like long beads: it is the current money of the Indians.-History of the five Indian Nations, p. New York edition. Note 5, page 14, col. 1. The paths of peace my steps have hither led. 34. In relating an interview of Mohawk Indians with the Governor of New York, Colden quotes the following the Indians. The Supreme Spirit of good is called by the Indians Kitchi Manitou; and the Spirit of evil Matchi Manitou. Note 8, page 14, col. 1. Fever-balm and sweet sagamité. The fever-balm is a medicine used by these tribes; it is a decoction of a bush called the Fever Tree. mité is a kind of soup administered to their sick. Note 9, page 14, col. 1. And I, the eagle of my tribe, have rush'd The testimony of all travellers among the American Indians who mention their hieroglyphics, authorises me in putting this figurative language in the mouth of Outalissi. The dove is among them, as elsewhere, an emblem of meekness; and the eagle, that of a bold, noble, and liberal mind. When the Indians speak of a warrior who soars above the multitude in person and endowments, they say, « he is like the eagle who destroys his enemies, and gives protection and abundance to the weak of his own tribe.>> Note 10, page 14, col. 2. Saga-out; the stem is of cane, alder, or some kind of light wood, painted with different colours, and decorated with the heads, tails, and feathers of the most beautiful birds. The use of the calumet is to smoke either tobacco or some bark, leaf, or herb, which they often use instead of it, when they enter into an alliance or any serious occasion or solemn engagements; this being among them the most sacred oath that can be taken, the violation of which is esteemed most infamous, and deserving of severe punishment from Heaven. When they treat of war, the whole pipe and all its ornaments are red: sometimes it is red only on one side, and by the disposition of the feathers, etc. one acquainted with their customs will know at first sight what the nation who presents it intends or desires. Smoking the calumet is also a religious ceremony on some occasions, and in all treaties is considered as a witness between the parties, or rather as an instrument by which they invoke the sun and moon to witness their sincerity, and to be as it were a guarantee of the treaty between them. This custom of the Indians, though to appearance somewhat ridiculous, is not without its reasons; for as they find that smoking tends to disperse the vapours of the brain, to raise the spirits, and to qualify them for thinking and judging properly, they introduce it into their councils, where, after their resolves, the pipe was considered as a seal of their decrees, and as a pledge of their performance thereof, it was sent to those they were consulting, in alliance or treaty with ;-so that smoking among them at the same pipe, is equivalent to our drinking together and out of the same cup. -Major ROGERS'S Account of North America, 1766. Far differently, the mute Oneyda took, etc. They are extremely circumspect and deliberate in every word and action; nothing hurries them into any intemperate wrath, but that inveteracy to their enemics which is rooted in every Indian's breast. In all other instances they are cool and deliberate, taking care to suppress the emotion of the heart. If an Indian has discovered that a friend of his is in danger of being cut off by a lurking enemy, he does not tell him of his danger in direct terms as though he were in fear, but he first coolly asks him which way he is going that day, and having his answer, with the same indifference tells him that he has been informed that a noxious beast lies on the route he is going. This hint proves sufficient, and his friend avoids the danger with as much caution as though every design and motion of his enemy had been pointed out to him. - If an Indian has been engaged for several days in the chase, and by accident continued long without food, when he arrives at the hut of a friend, where he knows that his wants will be immediately supplied, he takes care not to show the least symptoms of impatience, or betray the extreme hunger that he is tortured with; but on being invited in, sits contentedly down and smokes his pipe with as much composure as if his appetite was cloyed and he was perfectly at ease. He does the same if among strangers. This custom is strictly adhered to by every tribe, as they esteem it a proof of fortitude, and think the reverse would entitle them to the appellation of old women. If you tell an Indian that his children have greatly signalized themselves against an enemy, have taken many scalps, and brought home many prisoners, he does not appear to feel any strong emotions of pleasure on the occasion; his answer generally is,-they have 'done well,' and he makes but very little inquiry about the matter; on the contrary, if you inform him that his children are slain or taken prisoners, he makes no complaints he only replies, It is unfortunate:'-and for some time asks no questions about how it happened.-LEWIS and CLARKE's Travels. : Note 11, page 14, col. 2. His calumet of peace, etc. Nor is the calumet of less importance or less revered than the wampum in many transactions relative both to peace and war. The bowl of this pipe is made of a kind of soft red stone, which is easily wrought and hollowed The lighted calumet is also used among them for a purpose still more interesting than the expression of social friendship. The austere manners of the Indians forbid any appearance of gallantry between the sexes in day-time; but at night the young lover goes a calumetting, as his courtship is called. As these people live in a state of equality, and without fear of internal violence or theft in their own tribes, they leave their doors open by night as well as by day. The lover takes advantage of this liberty, lights his calumet, enters the cabin of his mistress, and gently presents it to her. If she extinguishes it, she admits his addresses; but if she suffer it to burn unnoticed, he retires with a disappointed and throbbing heart.-ASHE's Travels. Note 12, page 14, col. 2. Train'd from his tree-rock'd cradle to his bier. « An Indian child, as soon as he is born, is swathed with clothes, or skins; and being laid on his back, is bound down on a piece of thick board, spread over with soft moss. The board is somewhat larger and broader than the child, and bent pieces of wood, like pieces of hoops, are placed over its face to protect it, so that if the machine were suffered to fall, the child probably would not be injured. When the women have any business to transact at home, they hang the board on a tree, if there be one at hand, and set them swinging from side to side, like a pendulum, in order to exercise the children.-WELD, vol. ii, p. 246. Note 13, page 14, col. 2. The fierce extremes of good and ill to brook Of the active as well as passive fortitude of the Indian character, the following is an instance related by Adair great honour and sweet revenge by cutting them offin his Travels: Resolution, a convenient spot, and sudden surprise, It is surprising, says the same author, «to see the long « A party of the Senekah Indians came to war against the Katahba, bitter enemies to each other.-In the woods the former discovered a sprightly warrior belonging to the latter, hunting in their usual light dress: on his perceiving them, he sprung off for a hollow rock four or five miles distant, as they intercepted him from running homeward. He was so extremely swift and skilful with the gun, as to kill seven of them in the running fight before they were able to surround and take him. They carried him to their country in sad triumph; but though he had filled them with uncommon grief and shame for the loss of so many of their kindred, yet the love of martial virtue induced them to treat him during their long journey, with a great deal more civility than if he had acted the part of a coward. The women and children, when they met him at their several towns, beat him and whipped him in as severe a manner as the occasion required, according to their law of justice, and at last he was formally condemned to die by the fiery torture. It might reasonably be imagined that what he had for some time gone through, by being fed with a scanty hand, a tedious march, lying at night on the bare ground, exposed to the changes of the weather with his arms and legs extended in a pair of rough | stocks, and suffering such punishment on his entering into their hostile towns, as a prelude to those sharp torments for which he was destined, would have so impaired his health and affected his imagination, as to have sent him to his long sleep, out of the way of any more sufferings.-Probably this would have been the case with the major part of white people under similar circumstances; but I never knew this with any of the Indians: and this cool-headed, brave warrior, did not deviate from their rough lessons of martial virtue, but acted his part so well as to surprise and sorely vex his numerous enemies :-for when they were taking him, unpinioned, in their wild parade, to the place of torture, which lay near to a river, he suddenly dashed down those who stood in his way, sprung off, and plunged into the water, swimming underneath like an otter, only rising to take breath, till he reached the opposite shore. He now ascended the steep bank, but though he had good reason to be in a hurry, as many of the enemy were in the water, and others running, very like bloodhounds, in pursuit of him, and the bullets flying around him from the time he took to the river, yet his heart did not allow him to leave them abruptly, without taking leave, in a formal manner, in return for the extraordinary favours they had done, and intended to do, him. After slapping a part of his body, in defiance to them (continues the author), he put up the shrill war-whoop,sitive continues to animate the body. Sometimes it is as his last salute, till some more convenient opportunity offered, and darted off in the manner of a beast broke loose from its torturing enemies. He continued his speed, so as to run by about midnight of the same day as far as his eager pursuers were two days in reaching. There he rested till he happily discovered five of those Indians who had pursued him :-he lay a little their camp, till they were sound asleep. Every circumstance of his situation occurred to him, and inspired him with heroism. He was naked, torn, and hungry, and his enraged enemies were come up with him; but there was now every thing to relieve his wants, and a fair opportunity to save his life, and get If an Indian were driven out into the extensive woods, with only a knife and a tomahawk, or a small hatchet, it is not to be doubted but he would fatten even where a wolf would starve. He would soon collect fire by rubbing two dry pieces of wood together, make a bark hut, earthen vessels, and a bow and arrows; then kill wild game, fish fresh-water tortoises, gather a plentiful variety of vegetables, and live in affluence.»—Ibid., p. 410. Note 14, page 14, col. 2. Mocassins is a sort of Indian buskins. Note 15, page 14, col. 2. Sleep, wearied one! and in the dreaming land Shouldst thou to-morrow with thy mother meet. «There is nothing (says Charlevoix), in which these barbarians carry their superstitions farther, than in what regards dreams; but they vary greatly in their manner of explaining themselves on this point. Sometimes it is the reasonable soul which ranges abroad, while the sen the familiar genius who gives salutary counsel with respect to what is going to happen. Sometimes it is a visit made by the soul of the object of which he dreams. But in whatever manner the dream is conceived, it is always looked upon as a thing sacred, and as the most ordinary way in which the gods make known their will to off men. way Filled with this idea, they cannot conceive how we should pay no regard to them. For the most part they look upon them either as a desire of the soul, inspired by some genius, or an order from him, and in consequence of this principle they hold it a religious duty to obey them. An Indian having dreamt of having a finger cut off, had it really cut off as soon as he |