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When these regions were to be illuminated, says Acosta, cùm divino concilio decretum esset, prospectum etiam divinitus est, ut tam longi itineris dux certus hominibus præberetur.-De Natura Novi Orbis.

A romantic circumstance is related of some early navigator in the Histoire Gen. des Voyages, I. i. 2. • On trouva dans l'ile de Cuervo une statue équestre, couverte d'un manteau, mais la tête nue, qui tenoit de la main gauche la bride du cheval, et qui montroit l'occident de la main droite. Il y avoit sur le bas d'un roc quelques lettres gravées, qui ne furent point entendues; mais il parut clairement que le signe de la main regardoit l'Amérique. »

Note 6, page 28, col. 2.

He spoke, and, at his call, a mighty Wind. The more Christian opinion is that God, at the length, with eyes of compassion as it were looking downe from heaven, intended even then to rayse those windes of mercy, whereby---this newe worlde receyved the hope of salvation.-Certaine Preambles to the Decades of the Ocean.

Note 7, page 28, col. 2.

Folded their arms and sat.

To return was deemed impossible, as it blew always

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Note 9, page 28, col. 2.

Atlantic kings their barbarous pomp display'd.

See Plato's Timæus; where mention is made of mighty kingdoms, which, in a day and a night, had disappeared in the Atlantic, rendering its waters unnavigable.

Si quæras Helicen et Burin, Achaidas urbes,
Invenies sub aquis.

At the destruction of Callao, in 1747, no more than one of all the inhabitants escaped; and he, by a providence the most extraordinary. This man was on the fort that overlooked the harbour, going to strike the flag, when he perceived the sea to retire to a considerable distance; and then, swelling mountain-high, it returned with great violence. The people ran from their houses in terror and confusion; he heard a cry of Miserere rise from all parts of the city; and immediately all was silent; the sea had entirely overwhelmed it, and buried it for ever in its bosom: but the same wave that destroyed it, drove a little boat by the place where he stood, into which he threw himself and was saved.

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Note 18, page 29, col. 2.

Where Plata and Maragnon meet the main.

Note 23, page 29, col. 2.

He spoke; and all was silence, all was night! These scattered fragments may be compared to shreds of old arras, or reflections from a river broken and confused by the oar; and now and then perhaps the imagination of the reader may supply more than is lost. Si qua latent, meliora putat. It is remarkable,» says the elder Pliny, that the Iris of Aristides, the Tyndarides of Nicomachus, and the Venus of Apelles, are held in higher admiration than their finished works." it not so in almost every thing?

Call up him that left half-told The story of Cambuscan bold-Note 24, page 30, col. 1.

The soldier, etc.

And is

In the Lusiad, to beguile the heavy hours at sea, Veloso relates to his companions of the second watch the story of the Twelve Knights. L. vi.

Note 25, page 30, col. 1.

So Fortune smiled, careless of sea or land!
Among those who went with Columbus, were many
Primero was

Rivers of South America. Their collision with the adventurers, and gentlemen of the court. tide has the effect of a tempest.

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Note 22, page 29, col. 2.

No voice, as erst, shall in the desert rise;

Alluding to the oracles of the Islanders, so soon to become silent and particularly to a prophecy, delivered down from their ancesters, and sung with loud lamentations (Petr. Martyr, dec. 3, lib. 7) at their solemn festivals (Herrera, I, iii. 4) that the country would be laid waste on the arrival of strangers, completely clad, from a region near the rising of the sun. Ibid. II, 5, 2.

It is said that Cazziva, a great Cacique, after long fasting and many ablutions, had an interview with one of the Zemi, who announced to him this terrible event (F. Columbus, c. 62), as the oracles of Latona, according to Herodotus (II, 152) predicted the overthrow of eleven kings of Egypt, on the appearance of men of brass, risen out of the sea.

Nor did this prophecy exist among the Islanders alone, It influenced the councils of Montezuma, and extended almost universally over the forests of America. Cortes. Herrera. Gomara. The demons whom they worshipped,» says Acosta, in this instance told them the truth.

the game then in fashion.-Sce VEGA, p. 2, lib. iii, c. 9. Note 26, page 30, col. 1.

Yet who but He undaunted could explore.

Many sighed and wept; and every hour seemed a year, says Herrera.-I, i, 9 and 10.

Note 27, page 30, col. 2.

The solemn march, the vows in concert given.

His public procession to the convent of Rábida on the day before he set sail. It was there that his sons had received their education; and he himself appears to

have passed some time there, the venerable Guardian,

Juan Perez de Marchena, being his zealous and affectionate friend. The ceremonies of his departure and return are represented in many of the fresco paintings in the palaces of Genoa.

Note 28, page 30, col. 2.

While his dear boys-ah, on his neck they hung.

But I was most afflicted, when I thought of my two sons, whom I had left behind me in a strange country --before I had done, or at least could be known to have done, any thing which might incline your highnesses to remember them. And though I comforted myself with the reflection that our Lord would not suffer so earnest an endeavour for the exaltation of his church to come to nothing, yet I considered that, on account of my unworthiness,» etc.-F. COLUMBUS, C. 37. Note 29, page 30, col. 2.

The great Gonzalo.

The Great Captain. Granada surrendered on the 2d of January, 1492. Columbus set sail on the 3d of August following.

Gonzalo Fernandes, already known by the name of

Note 30, page 30, col. 2. Though Roldan, etc.

Probably a soldier of fortune. There were more than one of the name on board.

Note 31, page 31, col. 1.

The Cross shone forth in everlasting light! The Cross of the South; «una Croce maravigliosa, e

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Note 33, page 31, col. 1.

Who bears Axalhua's dragon-folds to heaven.

As the Roc of the East is said to have carried off the Elephant. See Marco Polo.-Axalhua, or the Emperor, is the name in the Mexican language for the great serpent of America.

Note 34, page 31, col. 1.

To where Alaska's wintry wilds retire.

Call'd on the Spirit within. Disdaining flight,
Calmly she rose, collecting all her might. 1
Dire was the dark encounter! Long unquell'd,
Her sacred seat, sovereign and pure, she held.
At length the great Foe binds her for his prize,
And awful, as in death, the body lies!
Not long to slumber! In an evil hour
Inform'd and lifted by the unknown Power,

It starts, it speaks! We live, we breathe no more! etc.

Many a modern reader will exclaim in the language of Pococurantè, «Quelle triste extravagance!» Let a great theologian of that day, a monk of the Augustine order, be consulted on the subject. Corpus ille perimere vel jugulare potest; nec id modò, verùm et animam ita urgere, et in angustum coarctare novit, ut in momento quoque illi excedendum sit.»>-LUTHERUS, De

Missa Privata.

Note 42, page 31, col. 2.

And can you shrink? etc.

The same language had been addressed to Isabella.— F. COLUMBUS, c. 15.

Note 43, page 31, col. 2.

Oh had I perish'd, when my failing frame.

His miraculous escape, in early life, during a sea-fight

Northern extremity of the New World.-See Cook's off the coast of Portugal.-Ibid. c. 5. last Voyage.

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Note 40, page 31, col. 1.

'T was Merion's self, covering with dreadful shade.
--Now one,

Now other, as their shape served best his end. Undoubtedly, says Herrera, the Infernal Spirit assumed various shapes in that region of the world.

Note 41, page 31, eol. 1.

Then, inly gliding, etc.

Note 44, page 31, col. 2.

The scorn of Folly, and of Fraud the prey.

Nudo nocchier, promettitor di regni!

By the Genoese and the Spaniards he was regarded as a man resolved on a wild dedication of himself to unpathed waters, undreamed shores; and the court of Portugal endeavoured to rob him of the glory of his enterprise, by secretly dispatching a vessel in the course which he had pointed out. <«<Lorsqu'il avait promis un nouvel hémisphère,» says Voltaire, on lui avait soutenu que cet hémisphère ne pouvoit exister; et quand il l'eut découvert, on prétendit qu'il avait été connu depuis long-temps..

Note 45, page 31, col. 2.

➖➖➖➖➖He spoke not uninspired.

He used to affirm, that he stood in need of God's particular assistance; like Moses, when he led forth the people of Israel, who forbore to lay violent hands upon him, because of the miracles which God wrought by his means. So, said the Admiral, « did it happen to me on that voyage.»-F. COLUMBUS, C. 19.—— « And so easily," says a Commentator, « are the workings of the Evil one overcome by the power of God!»

Note 46, page 31, col. 2.

In his own shape shall Death receive you there.. This denunciation, fulfilled as it appears to be in the eleventh canto, may remind the reader of the Harpy's in Virgil. Æn. III, v. 247.

Note 47, page 31, col. 2.
Rose to the Virgin.-

. I re

Salve, regina. Herrera, J, i, 12.-It was the usual service, and always sung with great solemnity. member one evening,» says Oviedo, when the ship was in full sail, and all the men were on their knees, singing Salve, regina, etc.» Relacion Sommaria.-The

The original passage is here translated at full length. hymn, O Sanctissima, is still to be heard after sunset

Then, inly gliding like a subtle flame,

Thrice, with a cry that thrill'd the mortal frame,

-magnum si pectore possit Excussisse denm.

along the shores of Sicily, and its effect may be better conceived than described. See BRYDONE, I, 330.

Note 48, page 31, col. 2.

Chosen of Men!

I believe that he was chosen for this great service; and that, because he was to be so truly an apostle, as in effect he proved to be, therefore was his origin obscure; that therein he might resemble those who were called to make known the name of the Lord from seas and rivers, and not from courts and palaces. And I believe also, that, as in most of his doings he was guarded by some special providence, his very name was not without some mystery: for in it is expressed the wonder he performed; inasmuch as he conveyed to a new world the grace of the Holy Ghost, etc.

F. COLUMBUS, c. 1.

Note 49, page 31, col. 2.

First from the prow to hail the glimmering light.

A light in the midst of darkness, signifying the spiritual light that he came to spread there.-F. COLUMBUS,

C. 22.

HERRERA, I, i, 12.

Note 50, page 32, col. 1.

Pedro Rodrigo!

Note 56, page 32, col. 1. What long-drawn tube, etc.

For the effects of the telescope, and the mirror, on an uncultivated mind, see WALLIS'S Voyage round the World, c. 2, and 6.

Note 57, page 32, col. 2.

Through citron-groves, and fields of yellow maize. Ætas est illis aurea. Apertis vivunt hortis. P. MARTYR, dec. i, 3.

Note 58, page 32, col. 2.

Ceiba.

The wild cotton-tree, often mentioned in History. Cortes, says Bernal Diaz, « took possession of the country in the following manner. Drawing his sword, he gave three cuts with it into a great Ceiba, and said-->

Note 59, page 32, col. 2.

There sits the bird that speaks!

The Parrot, as described by Aristotle.-Hist. Animal. viii, 12.

Note 60, page 32, col. 2.

Half bird, half fly.

Here are birds so small, says Herrera, that though

Pedro Gutierrez, a Page of the King's Chamber, they are birds, they are taken for bees or butterflies. Rodrigo Sanchez of Segovia, Comptroller of the Fleet.

Note 51, page 32, col. 1.

Slowly, bare-headed, through the surf we bore
The sacred cross.

Signifying to the Infernal Powers (all' infierno todo) the will of the Most High, that they should renounce a world over which they had tyrannised for so many ages.-OVALLE, iv, 5.

Note 52, page 32, col. 1.

But what a scene was there?

This country excels all others, as far as the day surpasses the night in splendour.-Nor is there a better people in the world. They love their neighbour as themselves; their conversation is the sweetest imaginable, their faces always smiling; and so gentle, so affectionate are they, that I swear to your Highnesses, etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 30, 33.

Note 53, page 32, col. 1.

-Nymphs of romance, etc. Dryades formosissimas, aut nativas fontium nymphas de quibus fabulatur antiquitas, se vidisse arbitrati sunt.-P. MARTYR, dec. i, lib. v.

And an eminent Painter of the present day, when he first saw the Apollo of the Belvidere, was struck with its resemblance to an American warrior.-WEST'S Discourse in the Royal Academy, 1794.

Note 54, page 32, col. 1.

And see, the regal plumes, the couch of state!

<< The Cacique came down to the shore in a sort of palanquin-attended by his ancient men.-The gifts, which he received from me, were afterwards carried before him.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 32.

Note 55, page 32, col. 1.

The wondrous ring, and lamp, and horse of brass. The ring of Gyges, the lamp of Aladdin, and the horse of the Tartar king.

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says Herodotus, the children bury their fathers; in time of war the fathers bury their children! But the Gods have willed it so.-1, 87.

Note 68, page 33, col 1.

Cazziva.——

An ancient Cacique, in his life-time and after his death, employed by the Zemi to alarm his people.- See

F. COLUMBUS, c. 62.

Note 69, page 33, col. 1.

Unseen, unheard!-Hence, Minister of Ill.

The Author is speaking in his inspired character. Hidden things are revealed to him, and placed before his mind as if they were present.

Note 70, page 33, col. 1.

too soon shall they fulfil.

Nor could they (the Powers of Darkness) have more effectually prevented the progress of the Faith, than by desolating the New World; by burying nations alive in mines, or consigning them in all their errors to the sword. -Relacion de B. DE LAS CASAS.

Note 71, page 33, col. 1.

When forth they rush as with the torrent's sweep.

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No unusual effect of an exuberant vegetation. « The air was so vitiated, says an African traveller, that our Not man alone, but many other animals became ex- torches burnt dim, and seemed ready to be extinguish

tinct there.

Note 72, page 33, col. 2.

Who among us a life of sorrow spent.

For a summary of his life and character see An Account of the European Settlements.-P. I, c. 8.

Note 73, page 33, col. 2.

Signs like the ethereal bow-that shall endure. It is remarkable that these phenomena still remain among the mysteries of nature.

Note 74, page 33, col. 2.

He stood, and thus his secret soul address'd.

Te tua fata docebo. VIRG.

Saprai di tua vita il viaggio. DANTE.

Note 75, page 33, col. 2.

And dash the floods of ocean to the stars.

ed; and even the human voice lost its natural tone.. Note 83, page 34, col. 1.

Here, in His train, shall arts and arms attend. There are those alive, said an illustrious orator, whose memory might touch the two extremities. Lord Bathurst, in 1704, was of an age to comprehend such things-and, if his angel had then drawn up the curtain, and, whilst he was gazing with admiration, had pointed out to him a speck, and had told him," Young man, there is America-which, at this day, serves for little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death,' etc.-BURKE in 1775.

Note 84, page 34, col. 1.

Assembling here, etc.

How simple were the manners of the early colonists! The first ripening of any European fruit was distinguish

When he entered the Tagus, all the seamen ran from all parts to behold, as it were some wonder, a shiped by a family-festival. Garcilasso de la Vega relates that had escaped so terrible a storm. — F. COLUMBUS, c. 40.

Note 76, page 33, col. 2.

And Thee restore thy Secret to the Deep.

I wrote on a parchment that I had discovered what I had promised;-and, having put it into a cask, I threw it into the sea.-Ibid. c. 37.

Note 77, page 33, col. 2.

To other eyes, from distant cliff descried. Balboa immediately concluded it to be the ocean for which Columbus had searched in vain; and when, at length, after a toilsome march among the mountains, his guides pointed out to him the summit from which it might be seen, he commanded his men to halt, and went up alone.-HERRERA, I, x, 1.

Note 78, page 33, col. 2.

Hung in thy chamber, buried in thy grave.

I always saw them in his room, and he ordered them to be buried with his body.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 86.

how his dear father, the valorous Andres, collected together in his chamber seven or eight gentlemen to share with him three asparaguses, the first that ever grew on the table-land of Cusco. When the operation of dressing them was over (and it is minutely described) he distributed the two largest among his friends; begging that the company would not take it ill, if he reserved the third for himself, as it was a thing from Spain.

North America became instantly an asylum for the oppressed; huguenots, and catholics, and sects of every name and country. Such were the first settlers in Carolina and Maryland, Pennsylvania and New England. Nor is South America altogether without a claim to the title. Even now, while I am writing, the ancient house of Braganza is on its passage across the Atlantic, Cum sociis, natoque, Penatibus, et magnis dis. Note 85, page 34, col. 1.

Untouch'd shall drop the fetters from the slave.

Je me transporte quelquefois au-delà d'un siècle. J'y vois le bonheur à côté de l'industrie, la douce tolérance

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