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Author of 'Five Old Maids,' 'Her Fairy Prince,' 'The Murder on the Moors,' 'Nobody's Widow,' The Sentimental Sex,''The Wooing of a Fairy,' &c. LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1897. CONTENTS.-N° 307. NOTES:-Little Men, Long Men, and Red Men, 381-C. F. Warming-pan, 389. short stature, whose descendants are found in Wales and elsewhere. The ruddy carl is "the red man," or Kelt, with rufous hair, otherwise the Dane. And the gentleman is "the long man," or "lonk man," otherwise the tall, fair, blue-eyed Scandinavian. According to Halliwell, a Lancashire man is riam -Butter Charm Godless" Florin - Name and provincially known as a "lonk." Perhaps this Author Wanted, 387-Duchy of Parma-Carnival Humour should be "lonk man "-i. e., long man-a word -Sutton Arms-The White Ensign-Saltpetre-St. Vin- which appears in the surnames Long, Lang, and cent Ferrier - Pomeroy -The Letter Tau-"Inconvenience"-Bee in Amber-Paterson-Oath of Protestation Leng. The other day, a gentleman who was born "The long and short of it," 388-Foreign Genealogies in the Craven district, which is near the eastern Royal Irish Volunteers -Motto-Sir John atte Pole-boundary of Lancashire, described to me the cha REPLIES:-Pope and Thomson, 389-City Names in Stow's racteristics of certain big men in that county whom Survey, 391- The Battle of Maldon -Hulme, 392-True he called Bollanders, and who live, I believe, in Date of First Easter-Forests and Chases-Odd Way of the part now known as Bowland Forest. "The Counting, 393-Wreaths and Garlands-Letter of Napoleon Bollander," he said, "is a tall, lanky man, with -Angels as Supporters-Jones, the Regicide, 394-Slipper Bath-Builder's Guide'-"Obey" in Marriage Service, large ears; his head well into his hat, and his 395-Juxon-The Ten Whelps-Bamborough Castle-Vulgar Errors, 396-"A stag of the first head"-Shamrock-trousers a foot above his boots." This, surely, was Words and Music of Song-Shortage, 397-The Wandering not a bad description of the Scandinavian type of Jew-Ashburnham House-Arms on Pottery, 398. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Townshend's Life and Letters of Payne's French Idioms and Proverbs-Jacobi's Gesta Typographica - Paget's John Hunter-Adair Fitzgerald's Famous Songs-Temple Scott's Prose Works of Swift' Hutton's 'Life of Mary Powell' - Nicholson's 'Golspie'-Shaw's ' Bury Presbyterian Classis,' Part I. Notices to Correspondents. ་ Botes. LITTLE MEN, LONG MEN, AND RED MEN. The author of a poem known as 'The Proverbs of King Alfred '* divides men, presumably Englishmen, into three classes, viz., little men, long men, and red men. He makes King Alfred say: Leve gone dere, man ! But the county of Lancaster seems to be a home not only of "lonk" men, but also of "lonk" sheep, for Halliwell tells us that sheep bred in that county are so called. A few weeks ago I read an advertisement in a local newspaper relating to the sale of cattle in Derbyshire. The advertisement mentioned several kinds of sheep, and amongst them, "138 lonk and white-faced ewes " and "1 lonk ram." In answer to inquiries which I made, I received a letter from a gentleman who told me that "the sheep called lonks are a distinct breed, and not unlike Scotch sheep, being similar in size, though having smaller and thinner horns. They come from a place called Ware, above Hornby, in Wharfedale.' I was told by another informant, who is well acquainted with North Lancashire, that lonk sheep are big, with long tails, and thick spiral horns. Thinking that the word might be the Middle EngAfter describing the characteristics of the little man, lish lonc, A.-S. hlanc, lean, gaunt, I asked my he describes those of the long man, whom he now informant if the sheep were thin. "No," he said, calls "the lonke mon," as if "lonke" (i. e., "lank")"they are the very opposite of that." As sheep and "long" were the same thing, as apparently are usually named after the district to which they they are. He says:belong, it is probable that a lonk sheep is 66 a Lancashire" sheep. There are, for instance, sheep known as Leicesters, Southdowns, Lincolns, Norfolks, Cheviots. ne ches pu nevere to fere be lonke mon is lepe bei; And so on. The poem ends by a description of the red man, and the author gives him a very bad character. A similar threefold division of men is made in that remarkable northern poem known as 'RigsLa'.'t These are: (1) the swarthy thrall, (2) the ruddy carl or yeoman, and (3) the gentleman and warrior with yellow hair. It is easy to identify these types of men with the types mentioned in the Proverbs of King Alfred.' The swarthy thrall is the "little man," the Iberian of 'Rel. Antiquæ,' ed. Wright and Halliwell, i. 170. † Vigfússon and Powell's Corpus Poeticum Boreale,' i. 234. slang for "Lancashire." But it is not necessarily Of course, it may be that lonk is simply modern so, though I prefer not to deal with the tempting bypothesis that, as the name of a Lancashire man, it may describe a racial characteristic, and may even involve the name of the city and of the county of Lancaster. the title of this article have often been discussed The racial distinctions which are epitomized in by anthropologists. But I doubt whether they have been much examined on the purely antiquarian side. The question of race came up a year ago in 'N. & Q, when the street-name Hun |