3. State the chemical composition of chlorate of potassium, and of chloride of lime; and explain how each is obtained. Describe and explain the mode of using the latter for bleaching cotton.

4. Calculate the weight of copper in 100 grains of copper nitrate. Explain the tests by which you would prove the presence of (1) the metal, (2) the acid radicle in that compound. (N: 0: Cu 14: 16: 63.)

5. Trace the action of a common frictional electric machine. Point out the several circumstances on which the length of the spark which you can take from the prime conductor of such a machine depends, and the general principles to which the influence of such circumstances may be attributed.

6. What is meant by a negative charge of electricity? Why is it so called? Given an insulated charged metal sphere explain how you can (1) tell whether it is positively or negatively charged, and (2) measure the amount of the charge.

7. Two wires coated with india-rubber are laid parallel to each other and an electric current transmitted through one of them, state how the other will be affected on making, continuing and breaking the current, respectively. How can you prove experimentally that the facts are as you state them?

8. If required to prove that water opposes considerable resistance to the passage of an electric current, explain how you would do it. The resistance is less when the electrodes are larger state the general law of which this is an example. Given R and R the resistances of two wires used severally, find their resistance when used jointly, i.e., when each of them connects the poles of a battery at the same time.

9. Define the magnetic meridian and equator. Give a general account of the variation of declination as you proceed from England in a westerly direction

round the world on the same parallel. Show whether the declination will be influenced by the intensity of the magnetism of the needle employed.

10. Define convection, as applied to (1) heat (2) electricity, and give an example in each case. A tin can of water at 15° C. is set on a lump of ice, trace the effects on the water.

11. Define the coefficient of expansion of a solid and of gas. Given 00018 for the coefficient of expansion of a substance to the centigrade scale, find the coefficient of expansion of the same substance to Fahrenheit's scale.

12. What is meant by the heat of evaporation of a vapour? Describe a mode of determining the heat of evaporation of aqueous vapour at 100° C., and explain it. Explain further how to find the heat of evaporation of aqueous vapour at 75° C., and define the unit of measurement used.

13. Of the following substances name those which are good radiators, good reflectors, good conductors, and good absorbers of heat respectively :-polished brass unvarnished, polished brass varnished, window glass, roofing slate, flannel, smoked copper, white paper, chalk, green leaves, water, mercury, air, steam, coal gas. Explain how the presence of invisible aqueous vapour in the atmosphere affects the temperature of the earth.

NATURAL SCIENCES.

PROFESSOR J. MORRIS, F.G.S.

1. Under what different geological conditions are Mincrals or mineral substances found in nature.

2. Enumerate the elementary substances which are found in a native state. Give their crystalline form and other distinguishing characters.

3. In what kinds of rock and in what districts of the British Islands are metal-bearing minerals usually Name the metals for which the minerals are

found? worked.

4. Name the groups or systems into which crystallized forms are divided, and give examples of one or more minerals for each group.

5. By what characters are Metallic minerals usually distinguished from saline or earthy minerals?

6. State the relation between the crystalline form of minerals, and their optical characters.

7. Define Metamorphism. Name some metamorphic rocks, and give their approximate mineral composition.

8. Explain the origin of Landslips, and give any remarkable examples.

9. Define a Mineral, Crystal, Rock, Nodule, Fossil.

10. Explain the mode of occurrence of Coal in the Coal measures, and state any inferences deducible therefrom.

11. How would you distinguish by its fossils the Carboniferous limestone from a limestone of any other geological age?

12. Draw up a table showing the succession of the Cretaceous rocks, and name some of their characteristic fossils.

13. Describe the mode by which rocks are disintegrated or weathered by Atmospheric agencies.

14. Explain the difference between Cleavage, Foliation, and Lamination of rocks, and name the kinds of rocks which frequently exhibit such structures.

15. Describe or illustrate by diagrams some examples of the mechanical displacement of rocks.

16. State the different kinds of evidence by which the relative age of rocks is determined.

NATURAL SCIENCES.

HENRY W. BRISTOW, F.R.S.

MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY.

1. What fundamental crystalline forms exhibit double refraction?

2. What crystalline forms can be obtained, by cleavage, from Calcareous Spar, Fluor Spar, and Rock Salt?

3. Mention the most important ores of Copper, and some of their localities.

4. State the chief difference between true or Carboniferous Coal, and Lignite or Brown Coal. Give the reason why the former is a more economical fuel than coals of more recent geological age.

5. What is the general composition of Felspar? In what rocks is Felspar a common ingredient?

6. Describe the conditions and circumstances under which valuable auriferous sands and gravels occur. 7. Give a definition of a lode. Mention the chief theories of their formation.

S. What is meant by "the Crust of the Earth"? Of what materials or rocks is it principally composed? 9. Explain the mode of origin of rounded pebbles, grains of sand and mud.

10. Define the term "dip" as applied to strata. In the case of a quâquâversal dip, what are the directions of the lines of strike?

11. Explain the meaning of the term "joint," as applied to rocks. Show the importance of a knowledge of the directions of joints to the miner and quarryman.

12. What is meant by the term "igneous," as applied to rocks? Name some of the most common Igneous rocks.

13. What is the theory of the Glacial origin of lakes?

14. What is a land-spring? Why are such sources of water-supply often not safe for the supply of large towns?

15. To what geological period does the Crag belong? Mention the proofs that England must have been united to the Continent before the deposition of the Mammaliferous Crag.