rays of the fun, Plin. xxxvi. 7. f. 11.; Tacit. Annal. ii. 61; Juvenal. xv. 5. Strabo fays he heard it, but could not explain the cause of it, xvii. 816. The veftiges of it ftill remain.

After the death of Achilles there was a keen contest about the poffeffion of his armour, between Ajax and Ulyffes. The Grecian chiefs, before whom this caufe was pleaded, determined it in favour of Ulyffes. Upon which Ajax, being deprived of his reafon, is faid to have flain a number of fheep and oxen; fuppofing that while he did fo, he was flaying Ulyffes, Agamemnon, Menelaus, &c. Horat. Sat. ii. 3. 187.; Juvenal. xiv. 286. &c. which seems to have been often acted on the Roman ftage, Cic. Tufc. iv. 23. Off. i. 13. When he recovered his reason, he flew himself; and, according to Ovid, the blood which flowed from his wound on the ground, produced a hyacinth, Ib. 395. On this flower are infcribed the two first letters of his name, Ib. or the complaint of Phoebus on the lofs of his favourite boy Hyacinthus, AI, AI, Ib. x. 215.; Plin. xxi. 11. f. 38. fee p. 411.

AJAX and TEUCER.

AJAX was the fon of Telamon (Telamoniades), who having inadvertently flain his brother Phocus, while playing at the quoit, was obliged to leave his native country; to which Ovid alludes, xiii. 149. Telamon married GLAUCE, the daughter of Cychreus, king of Salamis; and after his death became king of that place. He was armour-bearer to Hercules when that hero took Troy, and was rewarded by him with Hefine, the daughter of Laomedon to wife. He afterwards married Peribaa, the daughter of Alcothous, of whom Ajax was born, Paufan. i. 42. Ajax was the braveft of the Greeks, next to Achilles, (Heros ab Achille fecundus,) Horat. Sat. ii. 3. 193. and therefore is faid to excel his father, as Achilles did Peleus, Juvenal. xiv. His fhield was covered with seven plies of a bull's hide, (σaxos inτaßceior ;) hence he is called Clypei dominus feptemplicis AJAX, Ovid. Met. xiii. 2. He was the only perfon that withflood Hector in the absence of Achilles.

214.

TEUCER was the fon of Telamon and Hefione. Upon his return from the Trojan war, he was not received by his father, because he had not brought back Ajax his brother; as Telamon had charged them at their departure, not to return the one without the other, Vell. i. 1. Telamon is faid to have forced him to plead his cause on ship-board, without permitting

him to land, Pausan. i. 28. ii. 29. on which account Teucer fet fail with his companions for Cyprus, where he built a city, and called it Salămis, or -in, from the name of his native city, Juftin. xliv. 3.; Strab. xiv. 682. having been previouйly affured of fuccefs by the oracle of Apollo, (Ambiguam tellure novâ Salamina futuram ;) Horat. od. i. 7. 29. Here his pofterity continued to enjoy the crown to the time of Evagoras, Paufan. ii. 29. This Teucer is reprefented as remarkable for fhooting the arrow, Horat. od. iv. 9. 17. There was another Ajax, the fon of Oileus, Ovid. Met. xii. 622. king of Locris; hence called NARYCIUS HEROS, from Naryx, -ÿcis, a town in that country, Ib. xiv 468. not fo impetuous in his temper, (moderatior; Ib. xiii. 356; non tam impatiens ira,) as the other Ajax, Ib. 3. and inferior in ftrength; hence called AJAX SECUNDUS, Stat. Achill. i. 500.--This Ajax, after the taking of Troy, offered violence to Caffandra in the temple of Minerva; on which account, in his return home, he was burnt with lightning, and his fhip dafhed on the rocks, Serv. in Virg. Æn. i. 39.; Propert. iv. 1. 117.; Ovid. in Ibide, 339.; Senec. Agamemn. 532. a number of his fleet alfo perished on the Capharean rocks in Euboea, Virg. Æn. xi. 260. hence called from him AJACIS PETRE, Hygin. 116. Homer fays he was drowned by Neptune, because he had faid that he would escape in fpite of the gods, Odysff. iv. 505.

ULYSSES.

ULYSSES* was the fon of Laertes, (Laertiades,) king of the island Ithaca, (hence called ITHACUS, Virg. En. ii. 104. ITHACENSIS ULYSSES, Horat. ep. i. 6. 63.) and of ANTIGLEA, the daughter of Autolycus, a noted robber, Hygin. 201. Ulyffes was commonly faid to be the fon of Sisyphus, the fon of Eolus, fee p. 416. from the connection of Sifyphus with Antoclea, before her marriage with Laertes, Ib. & Ovid. Met. xiii. 32. hence, by way of reproach, Ulyffes is called ÆOLIDES, Virg. Æn. vi. 529.

After the marriage of Ulyffes with Penelope, fee p. 413. his father refigned to him the kingdom. To avoid engaging in the Trojan war, and to prevent his being torn from the company of Penelope, he counterfeited madnefs; and as a proof of it, used

Ulyffes, v. -eus; genit. ei, v. i. Ulyxes, v. -eus, 'Odvoorus, ita dictus, quod mater eum in itinere pepererit, ab idos, via; vel ex ira bominum in avum Autolžcum ; ab iduoew, irafcor.

3 L 2

to

to put on a cap *, (pileus) and yoke in a plough animals of different kinds, as an ox and a horfe, to till the fand, and fow falt inftead of corn. To put the truth of this infanity to the test, PALAMĒDES, the son of Nauplius, (Naupliades,) king of Euboca, took Telemachus, the fon of Ulyffes, then an infant, and placed him before the plough. Upon which Ulyffes ftopped, or raised the plough, that he might not hurt his child; and thus was obliged to drop his disguise, Hygin. 95.; Serv. in Virg. ii. 81. & 44.; Ovid. Met. xiii. 36. Homer however takes no notice of this fact, Cic. Off. iii. 26. nor of the concealment of Achilles.

Ulyffes, during the courfe of the war, performed the most important fervices to the Greeks. He forced Achilles from his concealment: He carried away privately the ashes of King Laomedon from the Scean gate of Troy: In company with Diomedes, he flew Rhefus, king of Thrace, who had come to the assistance of Priam, and carried off his horfes, before they had tafted the fodder of Troy, or drunk of the river Xanthus; for if they had tasted of either, Troy could not have been taken, Serv. in Virg. Æn. i. 469. Rhefus was betrayed by DoLON, a Trojan fpy, who had fallen in with Ulyffes and Diomedes, who had likewife been fent to fpie the camp of the enemy in the night-time; and having got what intelligence they wanted from Dolon, flew him, Serv. in Virg. Æn. xii. 347.; Homer. Il. x. 299.; Ovid. Met. xiii. 243.-Ulyffes and Diomedes alfo carried off the PALLADIUM or image of Minerva from the citadel of Troy, after flaying the watches, Virg. Æn. ii. 162.; Ovid. Met. xiii. 337. &c. hence called Diomedeum furtum, Stat. Silv. v. 3. 179. In company with Diomedes, or as others fay, with Pyrrhus, Ulyffes obtained from Philoctetes the arrows of Hercules, or prevailed on Philoctetes himself to come with them to Troy. On the accomplishment of each of the above-mentioned particulars, the fate of Troy depended.

PHILOCTETES was the fon of Paean or Peas, king of Meliboa, at the foot of mount Oeta in Theffaly +. Being wounded in the foot, (fome fay by a ferpent sent by the wrath of Juno, for his having reared the pile of Hercules, Hygin. 102.; fee p. 402. others fay, by one of the arrows of Hercules falling on his foot, as a punishment for discovering where that

Whence he used to be thus painted, (PILEATUS,) Serv. in Virg. Æn. ii. 44.3 Plin. xxxv. 10. f. 36. f.-The Greeks and Romans ufed to go with their heads bare.

Hence called POEANTIDES, Ovid. Met. xiii. 313. POEANTIA PROLES, Ib. 45. POEANTIUS, Trift. v. 1. 61. & 2. 13. POEANTIUS HEROS, Id. rem, am. iii. POEANTIUS HERCULIS HERES, Ovid. in Ibide, 253. and Dux MELIBOEUS, Virg. n. iii. 401,

hero

hero was buried, contrary to his promife, Serv. in Virg. En. iii. 402.) he was, on account of the intolerable stench of his wound, by the advice of Ulyffes, left in the island of Lemnos, Ovid. Met. xiii. 45. where he lived in grief and folitude, Ib. & Homer. Il. ii. 228. Afterwards, however, when the Greeks were told by the oracle, that Troy could not be taken without the arrows of Hercules, hence called DEBITA TROJANIS SPICULA FATIS, Ovid. Met. xiii. 54. Ulyffes had the address to prevail on him to come to the Grecian camp, and to take part in the war; in which, among others, he flew Paris, Hygin. 112.; Apollodor. iii. 12. 6. He is faid to have been cured of his wound by Machaon, and to have put a period to the war, (fupremam bellis impofuiffe manum,) Ovid. remed. am. 113. After the taking of Troy, inftead of returning to his native country, he retired to Italy, where he built Petilia. Strabo fays he was expelled from Melibcea by a fedition, vi. 254.

Ulyffes always retained an implacable refentment against Palamedes for having exposed the falsehood of his infanity, till he affected his destruction. He forged a letter to him from Priam, promifing him a reward if he would betray the Grecian camp; and when Palamedes denied the charge, Úlyffes convicted him by fhewing the money concealed in his tent, which he had bribed his flaves to depofit there the night before, Ovid. Met. xiii. 56. &c. On this evidence, (infando indicio, as Virgil expreffes it, En. ii. 84.) Palamedes was condemned, and stoned to death, Serv. Ib. 82.; Hygin. 105.

Palamedes was defcended from Belus king of Egypt; hence called BELIDES, Virg. Ib. 82. and diftinguished for his ingenuity. He is faid to have completed the Greek alphabet, by adding four letters, 8, , X, 4, Plin. vii. 56. and 10 have invented the method of drawing up an army in order of battle, the use of fignals, the watch-word, (teffara. i. c. fymbolum bellicum,) and the placing of fentinels, Ib. which laft he is thought to have learned from cranes; as defcribed by Pliny, x. 23. f. 30. and by Cicero, de nat. D. ii. 49. hence called the birds of Palamedes, Martial. xiii. 75. See Raderus on this' paffage. Manilius afcribes to Palaniedes alfo the invention of numbers, weights, and measures, Aftron. iv. 206. So Philoftratus, in beroic.

NAUPLIUS, the father of Palamedes, in revenge for his fon's death, when the Greeks, returning from Troy, were overtaken by a storm, raised a torch in the night-time, from the top of Caphareus, a promontory in the fouth-east corner of Euboea, very dangerous to mariners on account of the whirlpools and hidden rocks around it, Sil. xiv. 144.; Senec. Agamemn. 558. The Greeks, supposing this torch to be a fignal of a contiguous harbour, made towards it; and thus a number of their fhips were wrecked, Propert. iv. 1. 115. ; Serv. in Virg. Æn. xi. 260.; Ovid. remed. am. 735. Trift. i. I. 83. whence Caphareus is called ULTOR, Virg. ib. and IMPORTUNUS, Ovid. Met. xiv. 481. Nauplius having learned that Ulyffes and Diomedes, whofe deftruction he chiefly fought, had escaped, threw himself headlong into the fea, Senec. Med. 658.

After

After the deftruction of Troy, Ulyffes wandered for ten years, Ovid. Pont. iv. 10. 10. over many feas, and visited many countries before he returned to Ithaca, Horat. ep. i. 2. 18. fo that he was twenty years absent, (Quatuor emeritis per bella, per aquora, luftris.) Stat. Silv. iii. 5. 7.

Ulyffes firft failed to the country of the Cicones in Thrace, and took and plundered their town Ifmărus, fituate near a mountain of the fame name, not far from the mouth of the Hebrus, Ody. ix. 39. where afterwards Orpheus was torn in pieces by Bacchanals, Virg. G. iv. 520.--Next to the Lōtōphagi, i. e. the eaters of the lotos, an herb, the fruit of which was fo luscious, that it made those who ate of it forget their native country, a people in Africa between the two Syrtes, Homer. ib.

Plin. xiii. 17. /. 32. Strabo fays they inhabited the island Meninx, oppofite to the leffer Syrtis, iii. 157. called also Lotophagitis SYRTIS*, lb. xvii. 834.From thence to the country of the CYCLOPES in Sicily, near mount Etna, a kind of gigantic men with one eye in the middle of their forehead, (a xuxxos, circulus, et it, oculus,) who fed on human flesh. Ulyffes entered the cave of POLYPHEMUS, their chief, with twelve of his companions, of whom Polyphemus devoured fix, two at a time. But Ulyffes, having intoxicated him with wine, which he had brought with him, fee p. 345. bored out his eye, while afleep, with a stick burnt at the end, and made his efcape with the rest of his companions, Homer. ib.; Virg. Æn. iii. 612.

Ulyffes next failed to one of the Lipari islands, called ÆOLIA, or the island of Æolus, the god of the winds; from whom he received all the winds inclosed in leathern bags, (utribus inclufos,) Ovid. Amor. iii. 12. 29. except the weft wind, which was favourable for him. But his companions, fufpecting that thefe bags contained money, while Ulyffes was afleep, loofed them, and thus raised a storm, which drove them back again on the island of Eŏlus, who would not now receive them. They were therefore driven on the coaft of the LÆSTRIGONES, whose king, called ANTIPHATES, devoured one of the three sent to examine the country, Homer. od. x. 114.; Ovid. Met. xiv. 233. &c.; Horat. art. p. 145. and funk with ftones all the ships of Ulyffes except his own †, Homer. & Ovid. ibid.- -Ulyffes next arrived at the island of the goddefs CIRCE, the daughter of Sol

Loros is put for tibia, a fluté; Ovid. rem, am. 753.; because flutes used to be made of that wood.

The Leftrigones lived in the fouth of Latium, between the promontory Cajeta and the mouth of the Liris, where Formia afterwards stood, Plin. iii. 5. whence Leftrigonia amphora, a cask made at Formiæ, Horat. ed. iii. 16. 34.