MNESTHEUS, the fon of Peteus, and grandfon of Erechtheus, fucceeded, Pausan. i. 17. ii. 25. iii. 18. who affifted Agamemnon in the war against Troy, Ib. i. 1. ii. 25. After his death DEMOPHOON, the fon of Thefeus, became king, Paufan. i. 28. who alfo was one of the leaders of the Greeks in the Trojan war; and having in his return from thence landed in Thrace, engaged the affections of Phyllis, the daughter of Lycurgus, king of that country, hence called Rhodopeia PHYLLIS, Ovid. ep. ii. 1. but proved falfe to her: For hearing of the death of Mneftheus, he fuddenly left her, with a promise to return in a month, which he did not perform, Ovid. ep. 2.; Paufan. x. 25. Phyllis, on the day fhe expected him, went nine times to the fhore; at laft, in despair, she put an end to her days, either by a rope, or by throwing herfelf into the fea, Ovid. Art. Remed. 55.; Hygin. 59.; Serv. in Virg. Ecl. v. 10.

THYMÆTES, the fon of Oxyntes, was the laft of the defcendants of Thefeus that enjoyed the crown, Paufan. i. 3. ii. 18. He having engaged in war with Xanthus, king of Bocotia, was challenged by him to decide their differences in fingle combat. This he declined; but MELANTHUS, one of the noble Meffenians expelled by the Heraclidæ, fee p. 408. fought in his place; and having flain Xanthus by an artful contrivance, obtained the crown as the prize of his fuccefs, Ib. An annual festival, called APATURIA (from daτn, error,) was instituted to commemorate the victory.

CODRUS, his fon, was the last king of Attica. The Dorians and Heraclidæ made war on him, for the hofpitable reception granted at Athens to thofe Argives whom they had expelled. Codrus being informed of the anfwer which they had received from the oracle at Delphi, that they should be victorious, if they did not kill the Athenian king; and that therefore they had strictly charged their foldiers to fpare his life: Having difguifed himself under the habit of a peafant, he one day entered the enemy's camp, and was flain by a common foldier, whom he had purpofely provoked. This happened near the Ilyffus, Paufan. i. 19. and in the place was a ftatue of Codrus made by Phidias, lb. x. 10. The enemy having understood what had happened, went away without fighting, Paufan. vii. 25.; Juftin. ii. 6.; Cic. Fin. v. 22.; Tufc. i. 48. Nat. D. iii. 19.; Horat. od. iii. 9. 2.; Serv. in Virg. Ecl. v. 1I. But the 3 H

Codrus

Cedrus here mentioned by Virgil is thought by fome to have been a different perfon.

After the death of Codrus the Athenians abolished royalty, and gave the name of ARCHON (imperans), to their chief magiftrate, whofe office was for life. Medon, the fon of Codrus, was made firft Archon, whofe fucceffors being all chofen from the fame family for about two hundred years, were called MEDONTIDE, Paufan. iv. 5.

V.

CA

FABULOUS HISTORY of BOOTIA and ÆTOLIA.

NADMUS, the fon of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, being fent by his father in queft of his fifter EUROPA, Herodet. iv. 147. who had been carried off by Jupiter in the shape of a bull, Ovid. Met. ii. 850.; Horat. od. iii. 27. 25.; fee p. 384. was ordered not to return without her, Diodor. iv. 2. În his fearch he came into Greece, and having confulted the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, was directed to obferve the motions of an heifer, and build a city where the heifer should stop; whence he called the country BCOTIA, Ovid. Met. iii. 10. He named the city THEBE, from Thebes in Egypt, whence he derived his origin, Herodot. ii. 49. Finding fome of his companions flain by a dragon, he flew the monfter; and having, by the direction of Minerva, fown its teeth in a plain, armed men fuddenly fprung up from the ground; who immediately attacked one another, fo that they all fell, except five, Apollodor. iii. 4. 1. the chief of whom was ECHION. By them Cadmus was affifted in building Thebes, Ovid. Met. iii. 125. &c. whence that city is called ECHIONIE THEBA, Horat. od. iv. 4. 64. DRACONICENA URBS, Ovid. Faft. iii. 865. Plebs Echionia, the Theban people, Stat. Theb. i. 169. The ancient inhabitants of this country were called HYANTES, Strab. vii. 321. ix. 401. & 424.; Plin. iv. 7. f. 12. whence Hyantei agri, Pocotia, Stat. Theb. i. 183.; Hyanteus Iolaus, Iolaus the Boeotian, Ovid. Met. viii. 310.; fo Hyantius, fc. Acteon, lb. iii. 147.; Hyantea Aganippè, Ib. v. 312., Hyantides, the Mufes.

Cadmus married HARMONIA, v. -iè, the daughter of Venus by Mars, Paufan. ix. 5. by whom he had a fon named Polydorus, and four daughters, Ino, Agave, Autonöe, and Seměle, Apollodor. iii. 4. 2. — POLYDORUS married Nycteis, by whom he had Labduçus, the father of Läius or Laus, Ib.

who is therefore called LABDACIDES, Stat. Theb. vi. 451. hence Labdacida, plur. Thebans, Ib. x. 36.-- INO married Athamas king of Bocotia, after he had divorced Nephěle, Apollodor. ib. & i. 9. 1. & 2. Agāve married Echion; and Autonoe, Ariftæus, Ib. iii. 4. Semele became the mother of Bacchus by Jupiter, fee p. 381.

2.

All the gods are faid to have honoured this marriage of Cadmus with their prefence, Apollodor. iii. 4. 2.; Diodor. v. 49. Vulcan prefented to Harmonia, or gave to Cadmus to prefent to her, a famous necklace he had made, which occafioned the greatest misfortunes to the poffeffors of it, Ib. & Stat. Theb. ii. 265.-206.: Paufan. ix. 41.

PENTHEUS, the fon of Echion and Agave, the daughter of Cadmus, having profaned the facred rites of Bacchus, was torn in pieces by his mother and her fifters, Ovid. Met. iii. fin.; Horat. od. ii. 19. 14. after being deprived of his reafon by the influence of that god, Euripid. in Bacch. 848.; Virg. Æn. iv. 469.

ATHAMAS, the husband of Ino, was the fon of olus, king of Theffaly, and brother of Sifyphus, king of Corinth, Apollodor. i. 7. 3. He reigned over that part of Boeotia, where afterwards Orchomenos and Coronæa ftood, Ib. 9. 1.; Paufan. ix. 34. Some make him king of Thebes *. He is faid to have divorced Nephělè, his first wife, becaufe fhe was subject to fits of infanity. By her he had two children, Phryxus and Hellè, who were faved from the jealoufy of their stepmother INO on the famous golden ram, as will be afterwards related. Athămas had by Ino two fons, Learchus and Melicerta. Being inflamed with a fudden madness by the fury Tifiphonè, at the defire of Juno ever hoftile to the race of Venus, he flew Learchus; upon which Ino fled with Melicerta in her arms, and threw herself into the fea from a high rock called Molūris, Paufan. i. 44. near Megara on the illimus of Corinth, Ib. Ovid. Faft. vi. 495. Neptune, at the request of Venus, turned them both into fea-gods; calling the mother Leucothe, and the fon Palemon, Ovid. Alet. iv. 416.—543. Ino was called by the Romans MATUTA, and Palamon, POR

Varro fays, that the first king of Thebes was OGYGES, b. C. too, in whofe time happened a deluge, de re Ruft. iii. I.; fo Augußin. de civ. De, xviii. 8. whence Ogygius, Theban; Ogygia res, the ftate or fortune of Thebes, Stat. Theb. i. 173.; Ogygiis ululata furoribus antra, Caves refounding with the yells of Theban bacchanals, Ib. 329 Ogygius Iacchus, i, e. Thabanus, Ib. ii. 85.; Oy

gida, Thebans, IL 586.

TUMNUS, Ovid. Faft. vi. 545. Hyginus relates fome particulars of this flory differently, i. 2. & 3. &c.

Cadmus affected by the misfortunes of his family, retired with his wife Harmonia to Illyria, where they are faid to have been changed into ferpents, and fent by Jupiter to Elyfium, Ovid. Met. ii. 98. iv. 675. &c.; Apollodor. iii. 5. 4. Strabo mentions a people in Epire ruled by the posterity of Cadmus, vii. 326.

AMPHION, one of the fucceffors of Cadmus, from his skill in mufic, is faid to have moved the ftones by playing on his lyre, and thus to have built the walls of Thebes; for Cadmus built only the citadel*, Paufan. ii. 6. ix. 5.; Ovid. Met. vi. 178; Horat. od. iii. 11. 2. Art. Poet. 394. His twin-brother Zethus difliked music, and to gratify him Amphion discontinued it, Cic. Herenn. ii. 27.; Divin. ii. 64.; Horat. ep. i. 18. 42. To Amphion Pliny afcribes the invention of mufic, vii. 56. f. 57.

NIOBE, the wife of Amphion, Strab. viii. 360. the daughter of Tantalus, king of Paphlagonia, (TANTĂLIS, ·idis, Stat. Theb. iv. 576.; Ovid. Met. vi. 211.) proud of her numerous offspring, (for fhe had fix fons and fix daughters; fome fay more, Ælian. xii. 36.; Gell. xx. 7.) used to flight the goddess Latōna, who had only two children, Apollo and Diana; on which account they, to gratify their mother, flew at the fame time all the children of Niobe, Apollo the fons, and Diana the daughters, Diodor. iv. 74.; Horat. od. iv. 6. 1.; Juvenal. vi. 175. Niobe, overwhelmed with grief, is faid to have been converted into a ftone, Cic. Tufc. iii. 26. She is faid by Ovid to have been fnatched by a whirlwind into her native country, and there to have been changed into a rock of marble, which exudes a moisture like tears, Ovid. Met. vi. 310. as it is fuppofed, on the top of mount Sipylus in Lydia; whence fhe is called Genitrix SIPYLEIA, Stat. Silv. v. 1. 33.; fee Apollodor. iii. 5. 6.

Plautus makes Thebes the refidence of Amphitruo or Amphitryon, v. -yo, the husband of Alcmena, the mother of Hercules, Amphit. Prol. 97. She is faid to have brought forth twins without pain; the one (Hercules) begotten by Jupiter, the other

Hence Thebes is called AMPHIONIE ARCES, Stat. Theb. iii. 1. 115.; TyriOne bac mania plectro, an Geticâ venere lyra? Have thefe walls been reared by the lyre of Amphion from Tyre, or of Orpheus from Thrace? Ib. 16. x. 873. &c.

(Iphiclus,

(Iphiclus, or -es.) by Amphitryo, Ib. v. 1. 70. But Diodorus. fays that Hercules was born at Tiryns, a town in Argõlis, and that his fuppofed father Amphitryo, being expelled from thence, repaired to Thebes, after Hercules was born, and that there Hercules was educated, iv. 10. whence he is called by Virgil AMPHITRYONI ĂDES, Æn. viii. 103. & 214. and TIRYNTHIUs, Ib. vii. 662. viii. 228. alfo ALCIDES, from Alcæus, the father of Amphitryo, Ib. v. 414. vi. 123.; fo Horat. od. i. 12.

25.

LAIUS, the great-grandfon of Cadmus, Herodot. v. 59. having married JOCASTA or Epicafta, the daughter of CREON, Diodor. iv. 64. or the daughter of Menæceus, and fifter of Creon, Apollodor. iii. 5. 7. was informed, upon confulting the oracle of Delphi, that if he ever had a fon he fhould be flain by him. Wherefore, when his wife brought forth a male child, Laius, having pierced his feet with a sword, gave him to a fervant to be expofed. But the fervant, unwilling to destroy the child, gave him to the wife of one Polybus, by whom he was brought up, Strab. viii. 380. and called OEDIPUS, from the fwelling of his feet. (ex didew tumes, et nous, pes *).

When Oedipus grew up, happening to meet Laius in a narrow way, and being infolently ordered by him to go out of the road, a fcuffle enfued, in which Oedipus flew Laius, not knowing him to be his father.

At this time a monfter, called SPHINX, (having the face of a woman, the breaft, feet, and tail of a lion, and the wings of a bird, hence called Oedipodionia ales, Stat. Theb. ii. 505.) infefted the territory of Thebes; propofing an ænigma or riddle, and flaying thofe who could not interpret it. The enigma was, What animal is it, that in the morning walks on four legs, at noon on two, and in the evening on three? Oedipus happily folved it by answering, It is MAN; who in infancy goes on all four, then walks erect, till obliged by old age to use the fupport of a faff. Upon this the Sphinx threw herfelf from a precipice and perished, Ovid. Met. vii. 760. Oedipus, ac

• Apollodorus fays that Polybus was king of Corinth; that Oedipus, when expofed, was found by the fhepherds of Polybus, and brought by them to Peribæa, the king's wife; who having cured his feet, gave him the name of Oedipus, and brought him up as her own fon, iii. 5. 7.; fo Hygin. 66.

Oedipus (the fon of Läius, LAÏADES vel LAIDES, Ovid. M.t. vii. 756.) is alfo called OEDIPODES, Stat. Theb. i. 17. ii. 436. vii. 513. which word likewife denotes his fon, Ib. ii. 465. the fame with Oedipodicniles, Ib. i. 373.

cording