ed a naval power. He thus reduced under his power the Cyclades, and most of the islands in the Egean fea, Thucydid. i. 4. But this Minos, the husband of Pafiphae, is faid by Diodorus to have been the grandfon of the former Minos, iv. 60.

SARPEDON having in vain attempted to feize the fceptre of Minos, fled to Caria, where he built the city of Miletus, Apollodor. iii. 1. 2. Sarpedon became king of Lycia, Herodot. i. 173. whence his fpear is called LYCIA HASTA, Ovid. ep. i. 19. He affifted Priam against the Greeks, and was flain by Patroclus, Ovid. Met. xiii. 255. Virg. En. i. 100. x. 471. But this Sarpedon is also thought to have been a different perfon from the former.

EACUS was the fon of Jupiter by Ægina, the daughter of Asopus, the son of Neptune. He became king of an island in the Saronic gulph; to which he gave the name of Ægina from his mother. It was anciently called OENOPIA, Ovid. Met. vii. 473. Eacus is called Asipiades, from his grandfather, ib. 484. His fubjects were called MYRMIDONES, (a uugunnes, formica, ants; which are faid to have been converted into armed men by Jupiter, at the defire of acus, Hygin. 52. Lactant. in Stat. Theb. vii. 310. or rather because the inhabitants of Ægina resembled these animals in industry, Strab. viii. 375.; Ovid. Met. vii. 954) which name was afterwards given to the foldiers of his defcendant Achilles, Virg. Æn. ii. 7. and to the Greeks in general, Ib. 252. 785. xi. 403. Servius fays, they were fo called from a king Myrmidon, Ib.

Eăcus had two fons by the nymph Endeis, the daughter of the Centaur Chiron, PELEUs, the father of Achilles, and TELAMON the father of Ajax. He had a third called PHOCUS, Ovid. Met. vii. 477. by one of the Nereids, whofe fons gave name to Phocis, Paufan. ii. 29. x. 1. & 30. He was flain by his brothers, who on that account were obliged to leave Ægina, ib. Telamon became king of Salamis, and Peleus of Theilly.

-Not only the fons and grandfons of acus, but also his defcendants, were called ACIDE, Ovid. Met. xiii. 33.; Herodot. v. 80. Thus Pyrrhus, king of Epire, Cic. Divin. ii. 56. Philip or Perfeus of Macedon, Virg. En. vi. 840.; Propert. iv. 12. 30.; Sil. xv. 291. and even his foldiers, Ovid. Met. viii. 4.

-Eacus, on account of his justice, was appointed a judge in the infernal regions, Horat. od. ii. 13. 22.; Ovid. Ib. 187.; Propert. iv. 11. 19.; Martial. x. 5. with his brothers Minos and Rhadamanthus. After his death he was worshipped with divine honours, Herodot. v. 89. The Athenians built a temple to him, Ib. and before the battle of Salamis the Greeks particularly invoked his affiftance, Ib. viii. 64.

3 C

The

The other defcendants of Jupiter will be mentioned hereafter in the hiftory of the countries where they fettled,

The BROTHERS of JUPITER.

I. NEPTUNE (ПTortidur,) the god of the fea, diffatished with his part of the empire, fee p. 358. confpired with the other gods to dethrone Jupiter; but his attempt was fruftrated, and as a punishment, he was condemned to build the walls of Troy, fee p. 372. whence thefe walls are called Mania Neptunia, Propert. iii. 9. 41. and the city, NEPTUNIA TROJA, Virg. Æn. ii. 625. Urbs NEPTUNI, Ovid. ep. xiii. 129. PERGAMEUS LABOR, Stat. Silv. iii. 1. 116.

Neptune married Amphitrite, the daughter of Oceanus, by whom he had TRITON, Apollodor. i. 4. 4. who became a powerful fea-god, Ovid. Met. xiii. 919.; Virg. En. i. 144. & Serv. in loc. the attendant, Stat. Silv. iii. 3. 82. and trumpeter of Neptune, ufing a fhell instead of a trumpet, ib. vi. 171.; Ovid. Met. i. 333. in his upper parts resembling a man, and in the lower, a fish, ib. x. 209.; Cic. Nat. D. i. 28. hence called gemino corpore TRITON, Stat. Silv. iii. 2, 35, fometimes reprefented as riding in a chariot, Ovid. ep. vii. 50. Other feagods were alfo called Tritons, Virg. En. v. 824.

By Phanice Neptune had PROTEUS, who is faid by others to have been the fon of Oceanus and Tethys. Proteus obtained from Neptune the power of fortelling future events, and of turning himfelf into any fhape, Virg. G. iv. 387. &c.; Ovid. Met. viii. 730.; Sil. vii. 420.; Horat. ep. i. 1. 90. Sat. ii. 3. 71. fo that it was next to impoffible to bind him, ib. hence Mutabilier Proteo, for a cunning or fickle perfon. Proteus was the keeper of Neptune's fea-calves, (phoca,) Virg. G. iv. 395. which Horace calls the flock of Proteus, od. i. 2. 8. Some make Proteus a king of Egypt, Herodot. ii. 112.; Hygin. 118. Diodorus afcribes the origin of the fable concerning his verfatility to the cuftom of the Egyptian kings having the figures of different animals painted on their crowns, i. 62. Some make him a king of the island Carpathus; whence he is called CARPATIUS VATES, Stat. Achill. i. 137.

NEREUS alto was the fon of Neptune by Canace; Apollodor. i. 7. 4; but others make him the fon of Pontus and Terra, ib. i. 2. 6. and reprefent him as the most ancient of the gods; hence he is called grandavus, Virg. G. iv. 392.

Nereus

Nereus poffeffed the fame gift of prophecy with Proteus, Horat. od. i. 15. 5. and alfo the power of changing his form, Apollodor. ii. 5. II. He had by his wife Doris fifty daughters, called Nereides, fea-nymphs, whofe names are recorded, Ib. i. 2. 6. The chief were, Thetis, Doto, Galatea, Calypfo, Panepe or Panopēn, Melite, &c. Ib. & Virg. G. iv. 338. En. v. 825. Ovid calls them an hundred fifters, Faft. vi. 499. Nereus is often put for the fea, Virg. Ecl. vi. 35.; Ovid. Met. i. 187. as Neptune is, Lucret. ii. 471.; Plaut. Rud. ii. 6. 2.; Catull. 29. 3. & 62. 2. and Amphitrite, Ovid. Met. i. 13. Virgil afcribes a trident to Nereus, as to Neptune, Æn.

ii. 419.

PHORCUS was another fon of Neptune by the nymph THESEA, Serv. in Virg. Æn. v. 240. or of Pontus and Terra, Apollodor. i. 2. 6. Phorcus was the father of the Gorgons Medufa, Euryale, and Stheno, Ib. & ii. 4. 3. monftrous females, having fnakes instead of hair, (crinitæ colubris, Ovid. Met. vi. 119.) teeth as large as thofe of fwine, brazen hands and brazen wings, Apollodor. ii. 4. 3. They turned thofe who looked at them into stone, Ib. They had but one eye among them, which they used alternately, Ovid. Met. iv. 775.; Serv. in Virg. En. vi. 289. They are called Phorcydes, Ovid. Met. iv. 775. or Phorcýnides, Ib. v. 230. The inferior fea-deities are called Chorus vel exercitus Phorci, Virg. Æn. v. 8. 240. & 824.; Plin. xxxvi. 5.

Another fon of Neptune was GLAUCUS, the favourite of Circe, fee p. 375. whofe figure and transformation into a feagod we have, as described by himself, Ovid. Met. xii. 960.; fee alfo Stat. Silv. iii. 2. 36.

One of the conftant attendants of Neptune was PALEMON, the fon of Athămas and Ino or Leucothea, the nurfe of Bacchus, Cic. Nat. D. iii. 15.; Ovid. Faft. vi. 485. hence INOUS PALEMON, Virg. En. v. 823. coiled by the Romans PORTUMNUS, the god who prefided over harbours; and his mother, MATUTA, Ovid. Fajt. vi. 485.-545. &c.

Neptune had a numerous progeny by different perfons, Apollodor. i. 4. 4.; Ib. 7. 4. & 9. 8. & 20. &c. Their names are recounted, Hygin. 157.

Neptune is reprefented with a trident in his right hand and a dolphin in his left; one of his feet refting on part of a fhip; his afpect majestic and ferene: fometimes in a chariot drawn by fea-horses with a Triton on each fide, Stat. Achill. i. 55.; Theb. v. 706. He is called AGAUS, Virg. Æn. iii. 74. from

V. 20.

Ega, a town in Euboea, where he had a temple, Homer. Il. A horfe is faid to have sprung from a rent made in a rock at Athens by the ftroke of Neptune's trident, Ovid. Met. vi. 75.; Virg. G. i. 12. whence that animal was facred to him; or because he first taught the art of taming horses, Diodor. v. 69. whence he was named 'I7710s, equefter, or Domitor equorum, as Mefsapus, his fon, Virg. Æn. vii. 691. Neptune was called by the Romans CoNsus, or NEPTUNUS EQUESTER, Liv. i. 9. at whofe feftival (Confualia) the Sabine virgins were carried off by the Roman youth at the command of Romulus, 1b. & Strab. v. 230.

Neptune was fuppofed to be the caufe of earthquakes, whence he is called ENNOSIGEUS, i. e. terram quatiens, vel terra quaffator, Juvenal. x. 183.; fee Herodot. vii. 129.; Diodor. xv. 49. and is reprefented as overturning the foundations of Troy, Virg. Æn. ii. 610.

II. PLUTO, the god of every thing below the furface of the earth; was called alfo DIS*, Virg. Æn. vi. 127. xii. 199. ORCUS †, Liv. ix. 40.; Cic. Verr. iv. 50.; Horat. od. ii. 18. 34. (which word is fometimes alfo put for the infernal regions, Virg. Æn. ii. 398.) and JUPITER STYGIUS, Ib. iv. 638. as Proferpine, the wife of Pluto, (domina Ditis, Ib. vi. 397.) 's called JUNO INFERNA, Ib. vi. 138.

Pluto is faid to have obtained the dominion of the infernal regions, from his being the firft who inftituted funeral obfequies, Diodor. v. 69.

Pluto is reprefented as ftern, gloomy, inexorable, and rapacious, Horat. od. ii. 3. 24. iii. 4. 74. iv. 2. 23. ii. 14. 6. & 18. 30.; Virg. G. i. 277. En. vi. 127. xii. 199.; fo alfo Proferpine, Horat. od. i. 28. 20. ii. 13. 21.

Proferpine is fometimes confounded with Hecate, the daughter of Afleria and Perfes, whofe power Hefiod extols, Theog.

*Pluto is called Dis, ditis, contracted for dives, rich, as among the Greeks ANTON OF FACTos, dives, (quia recidant or nia in terras, et oriantur a terris, Cic. Nat. D. ii. 26. aliter autem; Dis, quia minime dives; Quinctilian. i. 6. 34.) But Piutus, the god of riches, was confidered as different from Pluto;--See the comedy of Ariftophanes, called Plutus.-Hyginus mentions a Plutus, the fon of Ceres and Jafien, Aftron. ii. 4. The Grecks called both the infernal regions and the king of them, 'A♪ng, Hades. The name Pluto is fuppoled to have been of later origin.

Those who protracted life longer than they ought, were faid Orcum morari, to retard or keep Pluto waiting for them, as it were; Horat. od. iii. 27. 50.Cum Orco rationem babere vel ponere, to expofe one's felf to the danger of death, as husbandmen do who cultivate a peftilentral foil, although fruitful, Varr.de re Ruft. i. 4 3.; Columell. i. 3. 2.

411. and Virgil, En. vi. 247. She is faid by fome to have been the mother of Medea, and to have first discovered the properties of poisonous herbs, which she taught her daughter, Diodor. iv. 45.

Albricus reprefents Pluto as fitting on a throne of fulphur, holding a fceptre in his right hand, and binding a foul with his left. At his feet was the three-headed dog CERBERUS, and near him the three harpies, Aello, Ocypěte, and Celano, ravenous birds with the face of virgins. From this throne of fulphur iffued four rivers, called Lethe, Cocytus, Phlegethon, and Acheron; and near them was the lake STYX, which others call a river. On the left hand of Pluto fat Proferpine, with a dusky and terrible countenance. Near him were the three Furies, Alecto, Tifiphone, and Megara, having their heads covered with ferpents, (holding a whip in their right hand, and fnakes in their left, Virg. Æn. vi. 570.); alfo the three Fates or Parca, Clotho, Lachefis, and Atropos, who were fupposed to determine the life of man by fpinning; Clotho held the diftaff, Lachĕfis fpan, and Atropos cut the thread, Albric. de imag. D. 10. Sometimes all the three Parce are represented as employed in breaking the threads; thus Lucan, speaking of the destruction of the civil wars, Vix operi cuncta dextrâ properante forores fufficiunt; laffant rumpentes fiamina Parca, iii.

18.

:

But Virgil's defcription of the infernal regions chiefly merits our attention. Before the veftibule, or in the first entrance, he places grief, cares, difeafes, old age, fear, famine, want, death, labour, fleep, criminal joys, war, the furies, and difcord in the middle, dreams, neftling among the leaves of a huge fhady elm-tree in the gates, Centaurs, Scyllas, Briareus, the monfer of Lerna, Chimera, Gorgons, Harpies, and the threebodied Geryon. From hence is the way to Acheron, a muddy stream, which runs into Cocỹtus. Here Charon, the ferryman of hell, plies his boat, in which he carries departed ghofts over the Stygian lake. The fhades of fuch as have not received funeral obfequies are obliged to wander one hundred years along the banks before they are permitted to pafs, En. vi. 273. -330. The entrance on the farther fide of Styx is guarded by the dog Cerberus, Ib. & Horat. od. iii. 11. 17.; fee alfo Stat. Theb. iv. 520. &c. Here are found the fouls of infants: then thofe who had been unjustly condemned; and those who, from the preffure of misfortunes, had killed themselves. Not far from thence are the mournful plains, possessed by hapless

lovers;