EXAMPLES FOR PARSING.

Time is short; and art is long. Vice stings us in our pleasures; but virtue consoles us in our pains. Cast out the scorner; and contention shall cease. He had returned, or I should have seen him. He has not gone to the city, nor is he ready to go. The horse is prepared against the day of battle; but safety is of the Lord. I wrote, because it amused me. He would walk, if he could. He was poor, though he might have been rich. I will walk, that you may ride. Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Withdraw thy foot from thy neighbor's house, lest he be weary with thee. As cold waters are to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. Exercise and temperance strengthen the constitution. Wisdom or folly governs us. We have counted the cost: hence we are prepared for the contest. The cars have arrived; therefore we must go. Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.

REMARK.

135. Hence, then, therefore, wherefore, consequently, etc., when not adverbs, are usually coördinate conjunctions. Of the correlatives, those in italics, are coördinate. The following coördinates sometimes occur; as, now—then; indeed, truly—but; not only—but, but also, but likewise. When other correlatives occur, they are generally sukordinate. (214.)

INTERJECTIONS.

An Interjection* is a word used to express some emotion of the mind; as, oh! ah! alas!

Interjections are used independently; i. e., without

What is an interjection? How are interjections used?

* Intorjection is from the Latin interjectus, which signifies thrown between.

dependence on other words; as, "Oh! what is here!" (180.)

LIST OF INTERJECTIONS.

137. O! oh! ah! eh! ha! hah! aha! alas! alack! hold! ho! shame! hail! lo! look! see! hush! hist! fie! foh! pshaw! pugh! fudge! tush! tut! hey! heyday! heigh-ho! mum! avaunt! avast! away! bah! huzza! hurrah! halloo ! hem! adicu! bravo! indeed! welcome! what! strange ! farewell!

REMARKS.

1. O should be used only before a word in direct address; and Oh, detached, with a point after it, or after the next word; as, “O Virtue !" -"Oh! how can it be !'

2. The first nine interjections have a variable delivery in elocution: the others are invariable, being uttered with partial or perfect close. (233.-14.)

3. Each interjection is equivalent to, or an abbreviation of, a simple sentence; as, eh!=what do you say?-hold (you); ho, pronounced (whʊe),—stop (you); fie=it is fie; i. e. hateful; hey—be joyful; adieu— I commend you to God; farewell—go well; or, I take leave of you.

MODEL OF PARSING.

Hah! have I caught thee at last?

Hah is an interjection, a word used to express some emotion of the mind; and is used independently, according to Rule 18. Interjections have no dependence in construction. (180.)

EXAMPLES FOR PARSING.

rocks asunder! Hush! he is at

Thy way, O Lord, is in the sea. He comes, huzza in all his pomp! See! it rends the Oh! haste my father's heart to cheer. the door. O Virtue! how amiable thou art! Alas! he cried, the fault is mine. His fate, alas, was deplor able. Hah! it is a sight to freeze one! Ha! ha!

How should O! and Oh! be used? Give Remarks 1 and 2.

you thought me blind, did you? What! might Rome then have been taken! What! are you mad?

EXERCISE.

Write sentences containing examples of each part of speech.

PART III.

SYNTAX.

138. Syntax' is putting words together in order. It treats of the relation, agreement, arangement, and government, of words in sentences.

Relation is the reference which one word has to another in sense.

Agreement is the similarity of words in their modifications.

Arrangement is the correct collocation of words in a sentence. (221.)

Government is the power which one word has to modify another.

SENTENCES.

139. A sentence is a collection of words embodying a complete thought. It may contain one or more propositions; e. g. "The word of the Lord is right."

What is syntax? Of what does it treat? What is relation? Agreement? Arrange. ment? Government? What is a sentence? What may it contain?

1. Syntax, [Gr. syn, together, and tasso, to put;] To put together in order. 2. Sentence, [L. sententia, from sentio, to think;] a collection of words embodying a thought, a period.

"The word of the Lord is right; and all his works are done in truth."

140. A proposition contains a subject and predicate; as, "Snow falls:" snow is the subject: falls is the predicate.

The subject is that of which something is said; as, "Winds blow."

The predicate is that which is said of the subject; as, "Rain falls."

These may be either simple, complex, or composite; as, 1. "Boys study."-2. "Good boys study well."—3. "James and John read and write."

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES.

141. Sentences are classified according to their form, mode, and structure.

In FORM, they are simple or compound.

In MODE, they are declarative, imperative, or interrogative; each of which may be exclamatory. In STRUCTURE, they are close, compact, or loose.

DEFINITIONS.

142.-I. Sentences, in FORM, are simple or compound. A simple sentence is one that contains a single proposition; as, "I will walk."

A compound sentence is one that contains two or more propositions; as, "Man is mortal; his days are few."

The propositions that make up a compound sentence may be independent of each other, and of equal rank; as, "I will walk, and you may ride." In this case, the sentence is called composite.

What does a proposition contain? What is the subject? The predicate? Are these always simple? According to what are sentences classified? How many in form, and what are they? In mode? In structure? What is a simple sentence? A com. pound sentence? A composite sentence? A complex sentence?

Or, one or more of the propositions may be subordinate to the rest; as, "I will walk, that you may ride." In this case, the sentence is called complex.

NOTE. The parts of a composite sentence are called members. They are connected by coördinate conjunctions. The parts of a complex sentence are called clauses. They are connected by subordinate conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs, relative pronouns, phrases, or by incorporation.

143. II. Sentences, in MODE, are declarativc, imperative, and interrogative; each of which may be exclamatory. A declarative sentence is one that expresses a declaration; as, "He reads. ""He can write."

An imperative sentence is one that expresses a command, entreaty, or permission; as, "Obey me.”— "Tarry awhile."-" Go in peace."

An interrogative sentence is one that asks a question; as, "Does he read?"-" Can he write?"

Interrogative sentences are of four kinds: definite, indefinite, indirect, and double.

A definite interrogative is one asked by a verb, and can be answered by yes or no; as, "Is he there? No." "Will you go? Yes."

An indefinite interrogative is one asked by a pronoun or adverb, and cannot be answered by yes or no; as, "Whom seest thou? The king."-" When did you return? Yesterday."

An indirect interrogative is a question in a declarative form, asked for confirmation; as, 1. "You live here, sir? I do."" You will remember my request?"

-2. "Let me take your book?"-"Grant me this request?"-3. "You surely must have seen him?"“Sure, you are not angry?"-"You are certainly not contented?""You are certain you saw him?"

NOTE. Of these examples, the first two have the declarative form;

What is a declarative sentence? An imperative sentence? An interrogative sentence? How many kinds of interrogatives? What is a definite interrogative? An indefinite? An indirect?