Give him a chunk of bread.

That is a very good hand write.
It is a long mile to the city.
I thought him the man.
He has run against a snag.
I addressed Mr. A- B-, Esq.

Sir, I am very much obliged to you.
His talents are of the highest grade.
The folks will fix these things.
I expect he was in a bad fix.

He is considerable of a scholar.
He is a decent writer.

There is a total destitution of capacity.
My farm is convenient to yours.
He can walk no further.

We have nothing farther to add.

PROPER.

I saw him when he did it.
He walks backward and forward.
The note was ordered to be paid.

I intend to read the bock,
I never noticed him.
Give me those books.

I did not intend to do it.
I do not strike as you do.
She wrote a long letter.
It would ill accord.

Give him a piece of bread.
That is very beautiful writing.
It is little over a mile to the city.
I supposed him to be the man.
He has got into difficulty.
I addressed A- B-, Esq.
Sir, I am very much obliged.

His talents are of the highest order.
The people will regulate these things.
I think he was in a bad situation.
He is a pretty good scholar.
He is a pretty good writer.

There is a total want of capacity.

My farm is close or contiguous to yours.
He can walk no farther.

We have nothing further to add.

GENERAL EXERCISE.

Write examples illustrating the remarks on modes and tenses. Write examples illustrating the general rule of Syntax.

Write examples illustrating each principle in Etymology. Write examples illustrating each rule and remark in Syntax. Write examples of the different kinds of sentences.

NOTE.-The practice of writing, and of correcting false syntax, in connection with analysis and parsing, should not at all be neglected. With out such constant practice, the improvement made will be superficial. By it, great skill and grammatical knowledge will be acquired.

Press forward then, my young friend. Be ambitious to excel. Examine every principle. Be thorough in your investigations. Overcome every obstacle. Give your reasoning powers free scope. Toil up the hill of science, and gather laurels from her ascending peaks: traverse her boundless fields, and linger long among her unfading beauties: breathe the pure air of her mountain heights, and "drink deep" of her crystal fountains: join the march for honor, and let your name be recorded in her "temple of fame."

ELLIPSIS.

219. An ellipsis is the omission of some word or words in construction. Such words are said to be understood. They are as much a part of the sentence, as if they were expressed A full construction requires them: the meaning should be evident without.

RULE.-ELLIPSIS.

220. Words omitted by ellipsis, if requisite in parsing, must be supplied; as,—

1. The subject; as, “Go (thou) thy way."-Mat. 8:13. “(1) pray you, avoid it."-Shak. "Speak (you) the speech, I pray you."-Id. "Why do ye that which (it) is not lawful to do on the Sabbath days?"—Luke 6:2. 'Lives there (he) who loves his pain ?”—Milton.

"Who said so?

2. The predicate; as, "Who will go? John (will go).” He (said so)." "God is thy law: thou (art) mine."-Milton.

"(Rise) up, and let us be going."-Judg. 19: 28. As in the last example, it is sometimes suggested by an emphatic adverb; as, "I'll hence to London on a serious matter."-Shak. "I'll in. I'll in. Follow your friend's counsel. I'll in."-Id. "Love hath wings, and will away.”— Walker.

3. The predicate nominative; as, (man)."-Luke 23: 50. "As he is Christ's (apostles)."—2 Cor. 10: 7. Christ is God's (Son).”—1 Cor. 3: 23.

"He was a good man, and a just Christ's (apostle), even so are we "Ye are Christ's (disciples); and

4. The object; as, "Whose book have you? John's (book)." That is, "I have John's book." "I saw (him) whom I wanted to see.' "Neither to the right (hand), nor to the left (hand).”—“How shall I defy (him or them), whom the Lord hath not defied?"-Num. 23: 8.

5. Prepositions; as, 'He departed (from) this life.”—“Ask (of) him the question.”—“ Will you give (to) him a stone ?”—Mat. 7: 9. “Build (for) me here seven altars."-Num. 23: 1. 'Woe is (to) me."—Isa. 6: 5. "Whose end was, and is, to show (to) virtue her own feature; (to) scorn her own image; and (to) the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure."-Shak.

6. Conjunctions; as, “I know, (that) he will go."-"Suit the action to the word, (and) the word to the action."-Shak.

7 Phrases and clauses; as "(For men) to learn to die, is the great

What is an ellipsis? What is said of such words? Are they a part of tho sentence? What of the construction, and meaning? What is the rule for ellipsis?

-66

business of life.”—Dillwyn.—“ Ah me!"-That is, "Ah (pity, help, or what will become of) me?”—Darwin. (See Rule 4.) "Alas! (I sigh) for them."-"O! (how I wish) that they would come."—" To tell the truth, (I confess) I was in fault."-"Let (thou) me (to be) alone.”—“They be lieved him (to be) competent."- 'Speak as (you would speak) if you wished to be heard."—"My punishment is greater than (that is or would be, which) I can bear."-Gen. 4: 13. Granting this to be true, (I ask) what is to be inferred from it?"-Murray. "All shall know me, (reckoning) from the least to the greatest."-Heb. 8: 11. "Is every thing (so) subservient to me, as (then it would be) if I had ordered all myself?"— Harris.

66

"To be, or not to be! That is the question."-Shak. That is, 'Am 1 to be after death, or am I not to be? That is the question."-"I am not come to destroy, but (I am come) to fulfil.”—Mat. 5: 17.—“All that sat in the council, saw his face as (it would be, if) it had been the face of an angel."-Acts 6: 15.

ARRANGEMENT.

221. Arrangement is the correct collocation of words in a sentence. It is of two kinds: the natural and the inverse order.

1. The natural order is the usual or grammatical order of words; as, "Impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices."

2. Inversion, or the inverse order, is a change of the natural order of the words or parts of a sentence; as, "Of all vices, impurity is the most detestable." It is sometimes called the transposed or rhetorical order.

ORDER OF THE FIVE ELEMENTS.

222.-1. In the natural order, are placed 1, the adjective; 2, the subject; 3, the verb; 4, the object; and 5, the adverb;

as,

"Negligent servants drive horses carelessly."-"Wise kings rule nations prudently."-" Coming events cast their shadows before."

What is arrangement? Of how many kinds is it? What is the natural order? What is inversion? What is it sometimes called? In the natural order, how are the elements placed?

2. The elements are often inversed or transposed; as, "Carelessly dc negligent servants drive horses."-"These in common all their wealth bestow."-Pope. "His safety must his liberty restrain."-Id. "How eloquently shines the glowing pole."-Young.

SPECIAL RULES.

I. THE SUBJECT.

REM. 1. In declarative sentences, the subject usually precedes the verb; as,

"Great Nature spoke: observant man obeyed:

Cities were built: Societies were made.”—Pope.

REM. 2. By inversion, the subject usually follows the verb, or the first auxiliary :

1. When the verb is in the imperative mode; as, "Go thou."—" Do ye go."

2. When a condition is expressed without a conjunction; as, "Were he to go, then I would go."-" Had he been there, all would have been well."

3. When neither or nor precedes the verb; as, "Neither shall ye touch it."-Gen. 3: 3. “Nor did they not perceive the evil plight.”— Milton.

4. When the predicate precedes for the sake of emphasis; as, "Here dwell no frowns.”—Milton. “Faithful hath "These things said Esaias."-John 12: 41. narrow is the way."-Mat. 7: 14.

been your warfare.”—Id. "Strait is the gate, and

5. When a verb introduces a circumstance; as, "This,' says Lorenzo, 'is a fair harangue.'"-Young. "What,' said I, 'from Abra can I fear?"" -Prior.

6. When there introduces a clause; as, "There stops the instinct; and there ends the care."-Fope.

REM. When who, which, or what, asks a question as the proper subject, the words are in the natural order; as, "Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way !”—Pope. "Which was first!"-" What can harm

us ?"

REM. 4. In other interrogative sentences, inversion usually takes place; as, "Whom seest thou?"-"What hast thou done?"-Gen. 4: 10. "Am I my brother's keeper?"—Id. 4: 9. "Where art thou?"-Id.

66

8: 9. Say you this without a blush ?"—" blamed."-Milton.

May I express thee un

REM. 5. Exclamatory sentences take the arrangement of the corresponding non-exclamatory; as, "I have plucked down, ruin !"-Young.

"How were we struck!"-Id. "Sell my country's independence to France !"-Emmet.

PRONOUN.

REM. 1. Pronouns usually follow the words to which they relate; but inversion sometimes takes place; as, 'Lord, thou hast been favorable unto thy land."-Ps. 85: 1. “In him who is, or him who finds a friend.” -Pope. "Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you."-Acts 17: 23.

REM. 2. Relative and interrogative pronouns usually stand at the be ginning of their clauses; and are seldom used except by inversion: as, "He who preserves me, to whom I owe my being, whose I am, and whom I serve, is eternal."-Murray. "Why greater, what can fall, than what can rise?"-Young. "Whom seest thou?"-" Who art thou?"-Acts 9: 5. "What can Chloe want?"-Pope.

ADJECTIVE.

REM. 1. The adjective usually precedes the noun; as, "The trembling fins the boiling wave divide."—Gay. "More secret ways the careful Henry takes.”—Prior.

REM. 2. Adjectives sometimes precede, but generally follow the pronoun; as, "All ye are brethren."-Mat. 23: 8.—“This darling she, youthful and healthy."-Prior. "And showed himself sincere and hearty."-Id.

REM. 3. By inversion, the adjective follows the noun :—

1. When other words depend on the adjective; as, “A wall six feet high."—"Provide things honest in the sight of all men."-Rom. 12:17. 2. When the quality results from the action of the verb; as, "They made the door wide.' "The child wept itself sick."-"Virtue renders life happy."

3. When the quality is affirmed or denied; as, "He may be weak and vain enough to be ambitious still.”—Cowper. "He is never free."—Id. 4. When it would be more forcible though assumed; as, "Life immortal."—"To look on truth unbroken, and entire."-Young.

66

REM. 4. The predicate adjective is often transposed to give emphasis; 13, "Great is Diana of the Ephesians."—Acts 19: 28. Blessed are the Door in spirit."-Mat. 5: 3. "Short and sweet, like that, it was."Fowley.

REM. 5. Adjectives in poetry preceded by an adverb, or united by a onjunction, may often either precede or follow the noun; as,

1. "Like some great spirit famed in ages old."-Akenside.