Abbé and abbot, difference between, iii. 76.
Academy, character of its doctrines, iii. 441.
Academy, French, (the), i. 23; has been of no benefit to literature, 23; its treatment of Corneille and Vol- taire, 23, 24; the scene of the fiercest animosities, 23.
Academy of the Floral Games, at Toulouse, v. 436, 437. Acting, Garrick's, quotation from Fielding illustrative of, i. 332; the true test of excellence in, 333. Adam, Robert, court architect to George III., vi. 41.
Addington, Henry, speaker of the House of Commons, vi. 282; made First Lord of the Treasury, 282; his administration, 282, 284; cool- ness between him and Pitt, 285, 286; their quarrel, 287; his resig- nation, 290; v. 141, 142; raised to the Peerage, vi. 293.
Addison, Joseph, review of Miss Ai- kin's life of, v. 321-422; his char- acter, 323, 324; sketch of his fa- ther's life, 324, 325; his birth and early life, 325-327; appointed to a scholarship in Magdalene Col- lege, Oxford, 327; his classical at- tainments, 327-330; his Essay on the Evidences of Christianity, 330; his Latin Doems, 331, 332; con- tributes a preface to Dryden's Gorgics, 335; his intention to take
orders frustrated, 335; sent by the government to the Continent, 338, his introduction to Boileau, 340; leaves Paris and proceeds to Ven- ice, 344, 345; his residence in Italy, 345-350; composes his Epistle to Montague (then Lord Halifax), 350; his prospects clouded by the death of William III., 351; be- comes tutor to a young English traveller, 351; writes his Treatise on Medals, 351; repairs to Hol- land, 351; returns to England, 351; his cordial reception and in- troduction into the Kit Cat Club, 351; his pecuniary difficulties, 352; engaged by Godolphin to write a poem in honour of Marlborough's exploits, 354, 355; is appointed to a Commissionership, 355; merits of his "Campaign," 356; criticism of his Travels in Italy, 329, 359; his opera of Rosamond, 361; is made Undersecretary of State, and accompanies the Earl of Halifax to Hanover, 361, 362; his election to the House of Commons, 362; his failure as a speaker, 362; his popu- larity and talents for conversation, 365-367; his timidity and con- straint among strangers, 367; his fa- vorite associates, 368-371; becomes Chief Secretary for ireland under Wharton, 371; origination of the Tatler, 373, 374; his characteris- tics as a writer, 373-378; compared with Swift and Voltaire as a mas- ter of the art of ridicule, 377, 379; his pecuniary losses, 382, 383; lose of his Secretaryship, 382; resigna.
tion of his Fellowship, 383; en- couragement and disappointment of his advances towards a great lady, 383; returned to Parliament without a contest, 383; his Whig Examiner, 384; intercedes with the Tories on behalf of Ambrose Phillipps and Steele, 384; his dis- continuance of the Tatler and com- mencement of the Spectator, 384; his part in the Spectator, 385; his commencement and discontinuance of the Guardian, 389; his Cato, 345, 390, 394; ii. 365, 366; his inter- course with Pope, 394, 395; his con- cern for Steele, 396; begins a new series of the Spectator, 397; ap- pointed secretary to the Lords Jus- tices of the Council on the death of Queen Anne, 397; again ap- pointed Chief Secretary for Ire- land, 399; his relations with Swift and Tickell, 399, 400; removed to the Board of Trade, 401; produc- tion of his Drummer, 401; his Freeholder, 402; his estrangement from Pope, 403, 404; his long court- ship of the Countess Dowager of Warwick and union with her, 411, 412; takes up his abode at Holland House, 412; appointed Secretary of State by Sunderland, 413; fail- ure of his health, 413, 418; resigns his post, 413; receives a pension, 414; his estrangement from Steele and other friends, 414, 415; advo- cates the bill for limiting the num- ber of Peers, 415; refutation of a calumny upon him, 417; intrusts his works to Tickell, and dedi- cates them to Craggs, 418; sends for Gay on his death-bed to ask his forgiveness, 418, 419; his death and funeral, 420; Tickell's elegy on his death, 421; superb edition of his works, 421; his monument in Poet's Corner, Westminster Ab- bey, 422; praisel by Dryden, i. 369.
Addison, Dr. Lancelot, sketch of his life, v. 324, 325. Adiaphorists, a sec: of German Prot- cstants, iii. 7, 8.
Adultery, how represented by the Dramatists of the Restoration, iv 357.
Advancement of Learning, by Ba- con, its publication, ini. 388.
Eschines, his character, i. 133, 194. Eschylus and the Greek Drama, i 216-229.
Afghanistan, the monarchy of, anal- ogous to that of England in the 16th century, iii. 20; bravery of its inhabitants, v. 29 et seq.; the English the only army in India which could compete with them, 30; their devastation in India, iv.
Agricultural and manufacturing la borers, comparison of their con- dition, ii. 145-148.
Agujari, the singer, v. 256. Aiken, Miss, review of her Life of Addison, v. 321-422. Aix, its capture, iii. 244. Akenside, his epistle to Curio, i
Albigenses, iv. 310, 311. Alcibiades, suspected of assisting at a mock celebration of the Eleusin- ian mysteries, i. 49, note. Aldrich, Dean, vi. 113. Alexander the Great compared with Clive, iv. 297.
Alfieri, his greatness, i. 61; influence of Dante upon his style, 61, 62; comparison between him and Cow- per, ii. 350; his Rosmunda con- trasted with Shakspeare's Lady Macbeth, i. 175; influence of Plu- tarch and the writers of his school upon, 401. Allahabad, v. 27.
Allegories of Johnson and Addison, ii. 252.
Allegory, difficulty of making it in- teresting, ii. 25Ž.
Allegro and Penseroso, i. 215. Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, iii. 453; com- parative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 453, 454. America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in, iv. 300; its capabilities,
American colonies, British, war with them, v. 57, 58; act for imposing stamp duties upon them. vi. 65: their disaffection, 76; revival of the dispute with them, 105: prug ress of their resistance, 106. Anabaptists, their origin, iii. 12. Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, iii. 438. Analysis, critical not applicable with
exactness to poetry, i. 325; but grows more accurate as criticism improves, 329.
Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, iv. 211, seq.
Angria, his fortress of Gheriah re- duced by Clive, iv. 228. Anne, Queen, her political and relig- ious inclinations, iii. 130; changes in her government in 1710, 130; relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 133– 140; state of parties at her acces- sion, v. 352, 353; dismisses the Whigs, 381, 382; change in the con- duct of public affairs consequent on her death, 397; touches Johnson for the king's evil, vi. 173; her cabi- net during the Seven Years' War, 410.
Antijacobin Review, (the new), vi. 405; contrasted with the Antijac- obin, 406, 107. Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, iv. 301.
Apostolical succession, Mr. Gladstone claims it for the Church of Eng- land, iv. 166–173.
Apprentices, negro, in the West In- dies, vi. 367, 374-376, 378-383. Aquinas, Thomas, iii. 478. Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, iv. 347.
Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, v. 377. Archimedes, is slight estimate of
his inventions, iii. 450. Archytas, rebuked by Plato, iii. 449. Arcot, Nabob of, his relations with England, iv. 211-219; his claims recognized the English, 213. Areopagitica, Milton's allusion to, i.
Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Wal- pole's adm.nistration, iii. 204. Arimant, Dryden's, i. 357. Ariosto, i. 60.
Aristodemus, i. 62; iv. 303. Aristophanes, iv. 352; his clouds a
true picture of the change in his countrymen's character, i. 383. Vistotle, his authority impaired by the Reformation, iii. 446; the most profound critic of antiquity, i. 140, 141; his doctrine in regard to poe- try, 10; the superstructure of his treatise on poetry not equal to its plan, 140.
Arithmetic, comparative estimate of by Plato and by Bacon, iii. 448. Arlington, Lord, his character, iv
30; his coldness for the Triple Al liance, 37; his impeachment, 56. Armies in the middle ages, how con stituted, i. 282, 478; a powerful restraint on the regal power, 478; subsequent change in this respect, 479.
Arms, British, successes of, against the French in 1758, iii. 241-247. Army, (the) control of, by Charles I., or by the Parliament, i. 489; its triumph over both, 497; dan- ger of a standing army becoming an instrument of despotism, ii. 487.
Arne, Dr., set to music Addison's opera of Rosamund, v. 361. Arragon and Castile, their old institu tions favorable to public liberty
Art of War, Machiavelli's, i. 306 Arundel, Earl of, iii. 434. Asia, Central, its people, v. 28. Asiatic Society, commencement of its career under Warren Hastings,
Assemblies, deliberative, iii. 240. Assembly, National, the French, iii.
46-48, 68-71, v. 443-446. Astronomy, comparative estimate of
by Socrates and by Bacon, iii. 452. Athenian jurymen, stipend of, i. 33, note; police, name of, 34, note; magistrates, name of, who took cognisance of offences against re- ligion, 53, note; orators, essay on, 139-157; oratory unequalled, 145; causes of its excellence, 145; its quality, 151, 153, 156; Johnson's ignorance of Athenian character, 146, ii. 418; intelligence of the populace, and its causes, i. 146- 149; books the least part of their education, 147; what it consisted in, 148; their knowledge necessari- ly defective, 148; and illogical from its conversational character, 149; eloquence, history of, 151, 153; when at its height, 153, 154; coincidence between their progrese in the art of war and the art of oratory, 155; steps by which Athenian oratory approached to finished excellence contemporane
ous with those by which its character sank, 153; causes of this phenomenon, 154; orators, in pro- portion as they became more ex- pert, grew less respectable in general character, 155; their vast abilities, 156; statesmen, their decline and its causes, 155; ostra- cism, 182; comedies, impurity of, iii. 2; reprinted at the two Uni- versities, 2.
"Athenian Revels," Scenes from, i. 30-54.
Athenians (the) grew more sceptical with the progress of their civiliza- tion, i. 383; the causes of their deficiencies in logical accuracy, 383, 384; Johnson's opinion of them, ii. 418.
Athens, the most disreputable part of, i. 31, note; favorite epithet of, 36, note; her decline and its char- acteristics, 153, 154; Mr. Mitford's preference of Sparta over, 181; contrasted with Sparta, 186, 187; seditions in, 188; effect of slavery in, 189; her liturgic system, 190; period of minority in, 191, 192; influence of her genius upon the world, 200, 201.
Attainder, an act of, warrantable, ii. 471.
Atterbury, Francis, life of, vi. 112- 131; his youth, 112; his defence of Luther, 113; appointed a royal chaplain, 113; his share in the controversy about the Letters of Phalaris, 115-119; iv. 110; promi- nent as a high-churchman, v. 119, 120; made Dean of Carlisle, 120; defends Sacheverell, 121; made Dean of Christ Church, 121; de- sires to proclaim James II., 122; joins the opposition, 123; refuses to declare for the Protestant suc- cession, 123; corresponds with the Pretender, 123, 124; his private life, 124, 125, 129; reads the funer al service over the body of Ad- dison, 124; v. 420; imprisoned for his part in the Jacobite conspiracy, v. 125; his trial and sentence, 126, 127; his exile, 128, 129; his Javor with the Pretender, 129, 130; vindicates himself from the charge of having garbled Clarendon's history, 130; his death and burial, 181.
Attila, iv. 300. Attributes of God, subtle speculations touching them imply no high de gree of intellectual culture, iv 803, 304.
Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Bacon, ii. 413; Bacon's decision against him after his present, 430.
Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Sweden, iv. 329. Augustin, St., iv. 300. Aurungzebe, his policy, iv. 205, 208. Austen, Jane, notice of, v. 307, 308. Austin, Sarah, her character as ■ translator, iv. 299-349.
Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause, iv. 337. Authors, their present position, ii. 190-197.
Avignon, the Papal Court transferred from Rome to, iv. 312.
Bacon, Lord, review of Basil Mon- tagu's new edition of the works of, iii. 336-495; his mother distin- guished as a linguist, 349; his ear- ly years, 352-335; his services refused by government, 355–356; his admission at Gray's Inn, 357; his legal attainments, 358; sat in Parliament in 1593, 359; part he tock in politics, 360; his friendship with the Earl of Essex, 365-372; examination of his conduct to Es- sex, 373-384; influence of King James on his fortunes, 383; his ser vility to Lord Southampton, 384; influence his talents had with the public, 386; his distinction in Par- liament and in the courts of law, 388; his literary and philosophical works, 388; his "Novum Orga- num," and the admiration it ex- cited, 388; his work of reducing and recompiling the laws of Eng- land, 389; his tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 389-394; attaches himself to Buck- ingham, 396; his appointment a Lord Keeper, 399; his share in the vices of the administration, 40o
his animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 406, 407; his town and coun- try residences, 408, 409; his titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 409: report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 413; nature of the charges, 413, 414; overwhelming evidence to them, 414, 416; his admission of his guilt, 416; his sentence, 417; examination of Mr. Montagu's ar- guments in his defence, 417-430; mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 431, 432; chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 435- 447; his views compared with those of Plato, 448-459; to what his wide and durable fame is chief- ly owing, 463; his frequent treat- ment of moral subjects, 467; his views as a theologian, 469; vulgar notion of him as inventor of the in- ductive method, 470; estimate of his analysis of that method, 471- 479; union of audacity and sobri- ety in his temper, 480; his ampli- tude of comprehension, 481, 482; his freedom from the spirit of con- troversy, 484; his eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 484; his disci- plined imagination, 487; his bold- ness and originality, 488; unusual development in the order of his faculties, 489; his resemblance to the mind of Burke, 489; specimens of his two styles, 490, 491; value of his Essays, 491; his greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 492; contem- plation of his life, 492-495; his reasoning upon the principle of heat, ii. 96; his system generally as opposed to the schoolmen, 78, 79, 103; his objections to the sys- tem of education at the Universi- ties, vi. 445.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, his character, iii. 342-448.
Jaconian philosophy, its chief pecu- liarity, iii. 435; its essential spirit, 439; its method and object differ- ed from the ancient, 448; compar- ative views of Bacon and Plato, 448-459; its beneficent spirit, 455, 458, 463; its value compared with ancient philosophy, 459-471. Baillie, Gen., destruction of his de- tachment by Hyder Ali, v. 72.
Balance of power, interest of the Popes in preserving it, iv. 338. Banim, Mr., his defence of James II. as a supporter of toleration, iii. 304. Banking operations of Italy in the 14th century, i. 276. Baptists, (the) Bunyan's position among, vi. 146, 147.
Bar (the) its degraded condition in the time of James II., i. 520. Barbary, work on, by Rev. Dr. Ad- dison, v. 325.
Barbarians, Mitford's preference of to Greeks, i. 196. Barcelona, capture of, by Peterbor- ough, iii. 116.
Barère, Bertrand, Memoirs of, re- viewed, v. 423-539; opinions of the editors as to his character, 424; his real character, 425, 427-429, 467; has hitherto found no apolo- gist, 426; compared with Dantor. and Robespierre, 426; his natural disposition, 427; character of his memoirs, 429, 430; their mendac- ity, 431-436, 445; their literary value, 436; his birth and educa- tion, 436, 437; his marriage, 438, first visit to Paris, 439; his jour- nal, 439; elected a representative of the Third Estate, 440; his char- acter as a legislator, 441; his or- atory, 442, 471, 472; his early political opinions, 442; draws a report on the Woods and Forests, 443; becomes more republican, 443; on the dissolution of the Na- tional Assembly he is made a judge, 446; chosen to the Conven- tion, 449; belongs to the Giron- dists, 455; sides with the Moun- tain in condemnation of the king, 456, 457; was really a federalist, 460; continues with the Girondists, 461; appointed upon the Commit- tee of Public Safety, 463; made its Secretary, 463; wavers between the Girondists and the Mountain, 464; joins with the Mountain, 465; remains upon the Committee of Public Safety, 466; his relation to the Mountain, 466-468; takes the initiative against the Giron dists, 468, 469; moves the execu tion of Marie Antoinette, 469, 470 speaks against the Girondists, 434, 435, 474; one of the Committee of
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