IV.

to Exlæpesburn; from Exlæpesburn to the hoar maple; CHA P. from the hoar maple to the three trees; from the three trees along the deep brook right to the Wallgate; from the Wallgate to the clear pool; from the clear pool to the foul brook; from the foul brook to the black willow; from the black willow right to the Wallgate, and along the Thames to the other part of Mixten-ham in the water between the hill island and Mixten-ham, and along the water to Nettleisland; from that island and along the Thames about Oxlake to Bere-hill, and so forth along the Thames to Hamenisland; and so along the middle of the stream to the mouth of the Way."4

IN 743 these boundaries occur; "First from Turcan Spring's head and along the street on Cynelms-stone on the mill-way, then and along the ridge on Hart-ford; thence and along the streams on the city ford on the fosse on the speaking place; thence on Turcan-valley on the seven springs, midward of the springs to Bale's-hill, south, then on the chalk-wall; thence again on Turcan-valley, and along again on the Turcan Spring's head."5

"FIRST from Thames mouth and along the Thames in Wynnabæce's mouth; from Wynnabace to Woodymoor ; from Woodymoor to the wet ditch; from the wet ditch to the beach, and from the beach to the old dike; from the old dike to the sedge-moor; from the sedge-moor to the head of the pool, and along to Thorn-bridge; from Thornbridge to Kadera-pool; from Kadera-pool to Beka-bridge; from Beka-bridge to the forepart of the Hipes-moor; from that moor within Coforth-brook; from the brook within the hedge; after the hedge to the hillock called Kett; from Kett to the barrows; from the barrows to Lawern; from Lawern into the ditch; and after the ditch to the Ship-oak; and from the Ship-oak to the great aspen, and so in to the reedy slough: from the slough within the barrows; from the barrows to the way of the five oaks, and after that way within the five oaks; from the oaks to the three boundaries;

Dugd. Mon. 76.

5 Heming. Chart. 57.

CHA P. from the three boundaries to the bourn of the lake; from IV. that bourn to the mile-stone; from that stone to the hoar apple-tree; from that apple-tree within Doferie; after Doferie to Severn, and along the Severn to the Thames mouth."

" 6

IN one of the boundaries a wolf-pit occurs.7

6 Heming. Chart. 75.

3 Gale, 520.

CHAP. V.

Some Particulars of the Names of Places in MIDDLESEX and
LONDON, in the SAXON Times.

IT

V.

T appears from Domesday-book, that in the Saxon CHA P. times the county of Middlesex had been divided into hundreds, which were distinguished by the names that they now bear, with small variations of pronunciation or orthography.

AMONG the places mentioned in the county in Domedaybook, we may easily discern the following ancient and modern names to correspond :

THE local denominations by which the various places in England are now known seem to have been principally imposed by our Anglo-Saxon ancestors. Most of them, in their composition, betray their Saxon origin; and whoever will take the trouble to compare the names in Domesday-book, which prevailed in the island during the time of the Confessor, with the present appellations of the same places, will find that the greatest number of them correspond. The hundreds in the county of Sussex were sixtythree, and still remain so; of these, thirty-eight bore the same names as now; and of the villæ or maneria, which are about three hundred and forty-five, there are two hundred and thirty with appellations like their present.

LONDON is mentioned in Bede as the metropolis of the

V.

East Saxons in the year 604, lying on the banks of the CHA P. Thames, "the emporium of many people coming by sea and land."1

In a grant, dated 889, a court in London is conveyed "at the ancient stony edifice called by the citizens hwæt mundes stone, from the public street to the wall of the same city."2 From this we learn that so early as 889 the walls of London existed.

IN 857 we find a conveyance of a place in London called Ceolmundinge haga, not far from the West Gate.3 This West Gate may have been either Temple Bar or Holborn Bars.

ETHELBALD, the Mercian king, gave a court in London, between two streets called Tiddberti-street and Savinstreet. 4

SNORRE, the Icelander, mentions the battle in Southwark in the time of Ethelred II. He says the Danes took London. On the other side of the Thames was a great market, called Sudrvirki (Southwark), which the Danes fortified with many defences; with a high and broad ditch, and a rampart of stone, wood, and turf. The English under Ethelred attacked these in vain.

THE bridge between the city and Southwark was broad enough for two vehicles to pass together. On the sides of the bridge, fortifications and breast-works were erected fronting the river. The bridge was sustained by piles fixed in the bed of the river. Olave, the ally of Ethelred, assailed the bridge, and succeeded in forcing it.5

ETHELBALD grants the vectigal, or custom, paid by one ship in the port of London to the church of Rochester. "

1 Bede, 1. 2. c. 3.

4 Dugd. Mon. 138.

5 Snorre, excerpted in Johnstone's Celto-Scand. p. 89. 92. 6 Thorpe, Reg. Roff. 14.