in the war, but he had been tried in a great command and found wanting, and he was shelved in Missouri, where all he had to do was to repel an invasion by his old antagonist, Sterling Price. He resigned from the army, March 28, 1867, with the brevet rank of major-general. During the next year he was for some months United States minister to Mexico, but was afterwards Democratic candidate for governor both in California and in Ohio. He was elected to Congress in 1881, and in 1885 was made register of the treasury. He died in March, 1898.

The character and career of Rosecrans are held by military critics to have borne a marked resemblance to that of McClellan. He was a strategist of high order, could draft excellent plans for a campaign, but lacked the force to carry them through vigorously, and by his procrastination lost the benefit promised by his successes, a statement which is held to apply to both these commanders.

NATHAN B. FORREST, THE DASHING

RAIDER OF TENNESSEE

THE Civil War was marked by the exploits of several famous cavalry leaders on the Confederate side, chief among them being Stuart, the hard rider of Virginia, and Forrest, the daring raider of the West and South, some of whose exploits have the brilliancy of those of Marion of old. One of his doings excited the admiration of General Lord Wolseley, who said that it " read like a romance," and the same may be said of some others of his dashing deeds. An account of his career, therefore, properly belongs here.

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Nathan Bedford Forrest was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, July 13, 1821. At thirteen he went to Mississippi with his parents, and here, after working on and managing a farm, he engaged in business at Hernando. He removed to Memphis, Tennessee, at twenty-one and became there a dealer in land and slaves. In 1859 he engaged in the cotton business in Coahoma County, Mississippi, where he acquired considerable wealth.

Such is a brief statement of General Forrest's uneventful career up to his fortieth year, in 1861, when the Civil War broke out and the opportunity for fame first came to him. The secession movement was not to his liking. He thought the South was making a mistake, and when his own State joined in it he entered the army reluctantly. But once in he quickly showed that he proposed to fight for his cause with all the vim he possessed.

He raised a cavalry regiment shortly after the war began, was made lieutenant-colonel in October, 1861, and was present at Fort Donelson when Grant descended on that devoted stronghold with soldiers and ships. Forrest seems to have been among those who saw that the place was doomed and that it was the part of wisdom to leave it a free man rather than to wait for captivity. At any rate he and his men escaped before the hour of surrender came and we hear of him next at Nashville, which he reached in February, 1862, shortly after the fall of Donelson.

He was a cavalry leader in the battle of Shiloh, and for some months after that battle he and his fellowraider, Morgan, kept things lively in that area of the war, Morgan raiding Kentucky with vim and boldness, while Forrest paid similar attention to Tennessee. He was now a brigadier-general, in command of the second brigade of cavalry, and as such succeeded in spreading consternation throughout his field of operations.

On the morning of July 13 he appeared suddenly before Murfreesboro at the head of three thousand men and made so vigorous an attack on the smaller Federal forces there that they were defeated and made prisoners. Valuable stores fell into his hands and he decamped for other operations. His bold attack on a place so near Nashville roused a sentiment of lively alarm in that city. The work on the fortifications was pushed and every effort made to prepare for an attack. There was good reason for it, for Forrest's rough riders came more than once within sight of the city, and for a whole month it was threatened by cavalry raiders.

These movements had a deeper purpose than that

of mere annoyance of the Federal garrisons. They were preliminary to a formidable invasion, that of General Bragg and his army, who were about to make a dash for the Ohio, driving back Buell and carrying the war into the enemy's territory. In the active operations that attended Bragg's advance and subsequent retreat, ended by his signal defeat at Stone River, Forrest was not at rest, and he was especially active in the interval before this battle.

He had been detached, with three thousand five hundred cavalry, to operate in western Tennessee upon the lines of communication between Grant and Rosecrans and between both these and their base of supplies at Louisville, and for a fortnight he rode at will through that region, burning bridges, tearing up railroads, threatening fortified places, and capturing small military posts. Crossing the Tennessee at Clifton on December 13, he rode toward and menaced Jackson, then swept northward, tearing up tracks, burning bridges, capturing several places and threatening Columbus, General Sullivan's head-quarters.

At Trenton he captured and paroled seven hundred prisoners, and on his return struck Colonel Dunham with sixteen hundred men. Dunham's trains were taken and his small force was surrounded and its surrender demanded. The brave Dunham refused, and just then General Sullivan suddenly appeared at the head of two brigades and made a furious assault upon Forrest. The boot was now on the other foot. Forrest had outnumbered Dunham, but he found himself overmatched by Sullivan, and after a sharp brush he deemed it wise to seek safer quarters. Two hundred of his men had fallen, while four hundred were made prisoners, and he himself very narrowly escaped capture.

It was a season of raids. While Forrest was making this bold dash on Rosecrans's left and rear, Morgan was busy upon his right, dashing through the heart of Kentucky, taking spoil and prisoners and doing great damage. But this work was not all on one side. The Union General Carter was at the same time occupied in destroying bridges on the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, which connected Bragg's army with that of Lee in Virginia, and succeeded in doing considerable damage, in especial burning the great bridge, seven hundred and fifty feet long, over the Holston River.

The great exploit of Forrest, that which Lord Wolseley said read like a romance, came in April, 1863, when Rosecrans, who contemplated moving on Bragg at Chattanooga, sent out an expedition under Colonel Streight for the purpose of sweeping round to Bragg's rear, destroying supplies of every kind, and doing everything possible to cripple him. There were eighteen hundred men under Streight, who left Nashville on April 8 and made his way, partly by land and partly by water, until he reached the command of General Dodge, then marching on Tuscumbia, in northern Alabama.

This was a feint to mask the real object of the expedition. Streight was directed to march with Dodge long enough to give the impression that he formed part of Dodge's force, then to drop out and strike across towards Rome, in Georgia, destroying the ironworks there. Atlanta was also to be reached, if possible, and its railroad lines destroyed.

Streight's men were not mounted when they left Nashville. They were ordered to pick up horses and mules on the way, but half of them were still on foot