to serve in any position, and as he had borne the brevet title of major in the United States service, the governor at once appointed him colonel of an infantry regiment and sent him to Harper's Ferry, where on May 3 he took possession of the United States arsenal. Such were the events preceding Jackson's two years of active life as a Confederate soldier. As a commander of men the shyness he exhibited before college students left him, and he displayed the dignity and self-possession necessary to success as a soldier. On the 21st of July he found himself in command of a brigade on the field of Bull Run, the first important battle of the war. Here, while the Confederate line was wavering before the Federal attack and the result seemed in serious doubt, Jackson held his men with immovable firmness, repelling all assaults. General Bee, who was trying to rally his broken brigade, pointed to Jackson's men and called out: "Look at those Virginians! They are standing like a stone wall."

This is the story told of the origin of the famous appellation of "Stonewall" Jackson, which clung to him for the remainder of his life, while his men came to be known as the "Stonewall brigade." Wounded in the hand during this battle, he would not leave the field till the fight was over, and then would not permit the surgeon to attend to him till those worse hurt were relieved. He sat down on the bank of a small stream and refused any assistance until "his turn came."

In September he was made a major-general and sent to the Shenandoah Valley, the locality in which he was to gain much of his fame. His genius for war was quickly displayed and the Federal troops found him an ugly foe to deal with. On March 23, 1862, he

was defeated by General Shields near Winchester and retreated rapidly up the valley, pursued by General Banks. Reinforcements reaching him, he suddenly turned, sent Banks whirling backward, and drove him to the Potomac, striking in rapid succession the converging columns of Milroy, Shields, and Banks, beating them separately and forcing them from the State. Then, on the approach of General Fremont with a strong force from the west, he moved hastily.up the valley to Harrisonburg. Fremont overtook him at Cross Keys, where on the 8th of June, an indecisive battle was fought. In that brief campaign Jackson had proved himself a soldier of exceptional ability and was looked upon with admiration alike in South and North. He had cleared the valley of his foes by movements of the greatest brilliancy, and then deftly baffled the attempt to cut him off by moving upon his rear.

In this "campaign of the valley" he had, by vigilance, sagacity, celerity of movement, secrecy, and faultless tactical skill, achieved the greatest results with the smallest means and had made himself a terror to the Federal authorities. McDowell, commanding an army between Washington and Richmond, was held back from McClellan through fear of uncovering Washingtion to this thunderbolt of war. Lee and Jackson took quick advantage of the situation. Hastening from the valley, where there was no foe to hold him, Jackson joined Lee in that series of movements and assaults which drove back McClellan's army through a week of battles and forced it to take shelter at Harrison's Landing, on the James River.

The Government at Washington, losing faith in its generals, now called to its aid General Pope, who had done some good fighting in the West, and put him to

cover Washington. Here was fresh work cut out for Lee and Jackson. "Stonewall" was sent against this force and on his way north encountered his old antagonist Banks at Cedar Run and signally defeated him. On August 25 he passed round Pope's right flank and forced him to fall back from the Rappahannock.

Pope, reinforced from McClellan's army, made a stand on the old battlefield of Bull Run, and here Jackson held him by stubborn fighting until Longstreet, sent by Lee, came to his aid, when the two effectively routed Pope, after one of the most desperate battles of the war.

Richmond now was safe. McClellan's men, hastily recalled, had made their way with all speed to Washington. That city was secure and Lee now made his celebrated invasion of Maryland, detaching Jackson with his corps for an attack upon Harper's Ferry, then garrisoned with twelve thousand men. Jackson's success in this movement was remarkable. He invested the place, and a few days sufficed, aided by faintheartedness on the part of the Union commander, to force a surrender of the garrison and the valuable munitions of war, including many stands of arms and seventy-two guns.

ous.

Great was the success of Jackson in this movement. Yet brilliant as it was, the movement was highly perilLee had run a serious danger in dividing his army in the face of McClellan's vigorous pursuit. Before a junction could be made McClellan had attacked Lee at Antietam and forced him to accept battle under great disadvantage. His escape from utter rout depended upon Jackson, and old Stonewall proved equal to the occasion. By a severe night march he reached the field of battle with two of his divisions on Septem

ber 16 and by his presence saved the Confederate army from imminent peril of destruction. The stars had fought for Lee. A day's more detention of Jackson at Harper's Ferry might have brought complete destruction to the Confederate army, pushed back with its rear on the river. But Stonewall Jackson never failed to be on hand when needed. With his thin line he faced the corps of Hooker, Mansfield, and Sumner, repulsing them all successively and saving the day. The next day Lee crossed the Potomac into Virginia.

Jackson remained with Lee's army during the brief remainder of his career and took part in two more great battles. At Fredericksburg, on December 13, he commanded the Confederate right wing and did his share so well in repelling Burnside's fierce assaults that he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general.

The last battle of this famous soldier was that of Chancellorsville, May 1 and 2, 1863. Lee's great victory here was largely due to his able lieutenant, who suggested and made the movement that resulted in Hooker's severe defeat. Executing a flank movement on the right wing of Hooker's army, he suddenly struck the flank of the eleventh Federal corps and drove it in utter confusion before him. As he was making a reconnoissance with his staff in the dusk of the evening, with a view of pressing the pursuit, he was fired on by mistake by some of his own men and received several wounds. One of these, in the arm, was so severe that amputation was necessary. An attack of pneumonia followed and he died May 10, 1863. The battle was won, but at a cost no single victory could pay for. In the fall of Stonewall Jackson it was as if an army had been annihilated.