that the next syllable must be short, in order to provoke the lengthening of the preceding syllable, thereby sanctioning, of course, many exceptions; and they then proceed to quote a number of cases where, in spite of all, the short syllable remains short *. In some of these quotations they are no doubt wrong, but in most of them their statement cannot be disputed. As to the eighth syllable being short in hendecasyllabics and dodecasyllabics, they quote such verses as, vi. 66, 4. antar (íti) santah avadyani punânâh. Thus we see that in vi. 44, 9, varshiyah vayah krinuhi sakībhih, hi remains short; while in vi. 25, 3, gahi vrishnyâni krinuhi parakah, it is lengthened in the Sanhitâ, the only difference being that in the second passage the accent is on hí. As to the tenth syllable being short in a dodecasyllabic, they quote ii. 27, 14. adite mitra varuna ută mrila. * 'Wo die achtsilbigen Reihen mit herbeigezogen sind, ist es in der Regel bei solchen Liedern geschehen, die im Ganzen von der regelmässigen Form weniger abweichen, und für solche Fälle, wo auch das Prâtisâkhya die Längung der sechsten Silbe in achtsilbigen Reihen vorschreibt, nämlich wo die siebente von Natur kurz ist. Die achtsilbigen Reihen bedürfen einer erneuten Durchforschung, da es mehrfach schwer fällt, den Sanhitâtext mit der Vorschrift der Prâtisâkhya in Übereinstimmung zu bringen.' Kuhn, Beiträge, vol. iii. p. 450; and still more strongly, P. 458. recognize in lengthen quite clearly the charmer. A general rule, the that the eighth syllab decasyllabics, the tent and dodecasyllabics, an syllabics should be len the authority of ancier mere observation, they xcviii As to the tenth syllable being syllabic, they quote ii. 20, 1. vayam te vayah in As to the sixth syllable be syllabic, they quote viii. 23, 26. mahah visvin a A large number of similar ef from 528, 3 to 534, 94, and th cases where the ninth, the syllable is long, instead does include cases where long, though the ninth is not short according to th these passages. See St Besides the cases m itself, where a short place which would s remains short, there Prâtisakhya does n point of view, there The Prâtisâkhya h such cases as i. 93 lokam; or i. 96, 1. But though occupy followed by a sho *Dazu kommt, da gar nicht mit Saunaka die Verlängerung kurz getreten ist, die er vor 1. r the general observation of the use that general observation refers only, but not to short syllables in cases are i. 107, 1a; 122, 9; 130, 10; 5a; 163, 2; 167, 10a; 171, 4; 173, 6; 6, 6, &c. say that, happen what may, these Ast be observed, and the text of A large order to satisfy the requirements ought to know at all events that own responsibility, and that we elves behind the authority of na. Now it is well known that tas laid down the rule that the these puss ust end in a bacchius or amphiGagata pâdas in a dijambus itself, wh. With regard to AnushPlace #uires the dijambus or pæon remains she end of a whole verse only, Pritiska lom in the formation of the point of view a later article, however, the The Pritis such cases lokam; or ig But though ox llowed by a nushtubha metre is allowed the rule, as above given, is h regard to the Traishtubha short portant, and affects so large n the Veda, that it requires nation. The Vedic metres, Dazu kommt, dass nicht mit Saunaka's Verlängerung kurzer treten ist, die er Vorschr Sprachforschung, vol. iii. p. 118. 2 As to the tenth syllable being short in a hendecasyllabic, they quote ii. 20, 1. vayam te vayah indră viddhi su nah. As to the sixth syllable being short in an octosyllabic, they quote viii. 23, 26. mahah visvân abhi satah. A large number of similar exceptions are collected from 528, 3 to 534, 94, and this does not include any cases where the ninth, the eleventh, or the seventh syllable is long, instead of being short, while it does include cases where the eighth syllable is long, though the ninth is not short, or, at least, is not short according to the views of the collectors of these passages. See Sûtra 522, 6. Besides the cases mentioned by the Prâtisâkhya itself, where a short syllable, though occupying a place which would seem to require lengthening, remains short, there are many others which the Prâtisâkhya does not mention, because, from its point of view, there was no necessity for doing so. The Prâtisâkhya has been blamed for omitting such cases as i. 93, 6. urum yagñâya kakrathŭr u lokam; or i. 96, 1. devâ agnim dhârayan drăvinodâm. But though occupying the eighth place, and though followed by a short syllable, these syllables could * Dazu kommt, dass der uns vorliegende Sanhitâtext vielfältig gar nicht mit Saunaka's allgemeinen Regel übereinstimmt, in dem die Verlängerung kurzer Silben nicht unter den Bedingungen eingetreten ist, die er vorschreibt.' Kuhn, Beiträge, vol. iii. p. 459. never fall under the general observation of the * If, therefore, we say that, happen what may, these metrical rules must be observed, and the text of the Veda altered in order to satisfy the requirements of these rules, we ought to know at all events that we do this on our own responsibility, and that we cannot shield ourselves behind the authority of Saunaka or Katyayana. Now it is well known that Professor Kuhn has laid down the rule that the Traishtubha pâdas must end in a bacchius or amplibrachys~-~, and the Gâgata pâdas in a dijambas or pæon secundus -. With regard to Anushtubha pâdas, he requires the dijambus or pan secundus - at the end of a whole verse only, allowing greater freedom in the formation of the preceding pâdas. In a later article, however, the final pâda, too, in Ânushtubha metre is allowed greater freedom, and the rule, as above given, is strictly maintained with regard to the Traishubha and Gagata pâdas only. This subject is so important, and affects so large a number of passages in the Veda, that it requires the most careful examination. The Vedic metres, Beiträge zur Vergleichenden Sprachforschung, vol. iii. p. 11 g2 In ion ing Ove the age to the nt; eter ted uld her ubh res, aise. root y in t in d or dden nake, exists lown, › has lossa shtubh g this ling to |