the two Dukes did eat their breakfast before they went, and there being set some ship's diet before them, only to show them the manner of the ship's diet, they eat of nothing else but pease and pork, and boiled beef. I had Mr. Darcy in my cabin and Dr. Clerke, who eat with me, told me how. the King had given £50 to Mr. Sheply for my Lord's servants, and £500 among the officers and common men of the ship. I spoke with the Duke of York about business, who called me Pepys by name, and upon my desire did promise me his future favour. Great expectation of the King's making some Knights, but there was none. About noon (though the brigantine that Beale made was there ready to carry him) yet he would go in my Lord's barge with the two Dukes. Our Captain steered, and my Lord went along bare with him. I went, and Mr. Mansell, and one of the King's footmen, with a dog that the King loved, See No. 91. ... in a boat by ourselves, and so got on shore when the King did, who was received by General Monk with all imaginable love and respect at his entrance upon the land of Dover. Infinite the crowd and the horsemen, citizens, and noblemen of all sorts. The Mayor of the town came and gave him his white staff, the badge of his place, which the King did give him again. The Mayor also presented him from the town a very rich Bible, which he took and said it was the thing that he loved above all things in the world. A canopy was provided for him to stand under, which he did, and talked awhile with General Monk and others, and so into a stately coach there set for him, and so away through the town towards Canterbury, without making any stay at Dover. The shouting and joy expressed by all is past imagination. . . .

Samuel Pepys, Diary (edited by H. B. Wheatley, London, 1893), I, 155-162.

91. Charles II and His Dogs (1660)

A Smooth Black DOG, less than a Greyhound, with white under his breast, belonging to the King's Majesty, was taken from Whitehal, the eighteenth day of this instant June, or thereabout. If any one can give notice to John Ellis, one of his Majesties Servants, or to his Majesties Back-Stayrs, shal be well rewarded for their labour.

We must call upon you again for a Black Dog between a Greyhound and a Spaniel, no white about him onely a streak on his Brest and his Tayl a little bobbed. It is His Majesties own Dog, and doubtles was stoln, for the Dog was not born nor bred in England, and would never forsake his Master. Whosoever findes him may acquaint any at Whitehal, for the Dog was better known at Court than those who stole him. Will they never leave robbing His Majesty? Must he not keep a Dog? This Dog's place (though better than some imagine) is the only place which nobody offers to beg.

By GILBERT
BURNET
(1643-1715),

a learned

and broadminded

Scotch

92. The Five Mile Act (1665)

England was at this time in a dismal state. The plague continued for the most part of the summer in and about London, and began to spread over the country. The earl of Clarendon moved the king to go to Salisbury. But the plague broke out there. So the court went to Oxford, Revolution of where another session of parliament was held. And tho'

clergyman. He took an important part in the

was re

warded with

the bishopric of Salisbury. In spite of his political activity he was consci

entious in the work of

his office. was always

His influence

on the side
of toleration.

His most
important
work was the
History of his
Own Times, a
candid and
fairly accu-
of the period.
The Bishop
ordered the
ministers to

rate record

of London

the conduct at sea was severely reflected on, yet all that 1688, and was necessary for carrying on the war another year was given. The house of commons kept up the ill-humour they were in against the non-conformists very high. A great many of the ministers of London were driven away by the plague; tho' some few staid. Many churches being shut up, when the inhabitants were in a more than ordinary disposition to profit by good sermons, some of the non-conformists upon that went into the empty pulpits, and preached; and, it was given out, with very good success: and in many other places they began to preach openly, not reflecting on the sins of the court, and on the ill usage that they themselves had met with. This was represented very odiously at Oxford. So a severe bill was brought in, requiring all the silenced ministers to take an oath, declaring it was not lawful on any pretence whatsoever to take arms against the king, or any commissioned by him, and that they would not at any time endeavour an alteration in the government of the church or state. Such as refused this were not to come within five miles of any city, or parliament borough, or of the church where they had served. This was much opposed in both houses, but more faintly in the house of commons. The earl of Southampton spoke vehemently against it in the house of lords. He said, he could take no such oath himself: for how firm soever he had always been to the church, yet, as things were managed, he did not know but he himself might see cause to endeavour an alteration. Doctor Earl, bishop of Salisbury, died at that time. But, before his death, he declared himself much against this act. He was the man, of all the clergy, for whom the king had the greatest esteem. He had been his subtutor, and had followed him in all his exile with so clear a character, that the king could never see or hear of any one thing amiss in him. So he, who had a secret pleasure in finding out any thing that lessened a man

return on

pain of forfeiting their offices.

"" 'Silenced

ministers," had been driven from

i.e. those who

the church in

1662 for refusing to take the oaths required by the formity.

Act of Uni

esteemed eminent for piety, yet had a value for him beyond
all the men of his order. Sheldon and Ward were the
bishops that acted and argued most for this act, which came
to be called the five mile act. All that were the secret
favourers of popery promoted it: their constant maxim
being, to bring all the sectaries into so desperate a state,
that they should be at mercy, and forced to desire a tolera-
tion on such terms, as the king should think fit to grant it
on.... The act pass'd: and the non-conformists were
put to great straits. They had no mind to take the oath.
And they scarce knew how to dispose of themselves accord-
ing to the terms of the act. Some moderate men took
pains to persuade them to take the oath. It was said by
"endeavour," was only meant an unlawful endeavour; and
that it was so declared in the debates of both houses. Some
judges did on the bench expound it in that sense. Yet few
of them took it. Many more refused it, who were put to
hard shifts to live, being so far separated from the places
from which they drew their chief subsistance. Yet as all
this severity in a time of war, and of such a publick
calamity, drew very hard censures on the promoters of it,
so it raised the compassions of their party so much, that I
have been told they were supplied more plentifully at that
time than ever. .

Gilbert Burnet, History of his Own Times (London, 1809),
I, 314-317.

By SAMUEL

PEPYS.

See No. 90. "The ruins of the city were 436 acres (viz. 373 within

[September] 2d (Lord's day.). Some of our mayds sitting up late last night to get things ready against our feast to-day, Jane called us up about three in the morning, to tell us of a great fire they saw in the City. So I rose and and 63 with- slipped on my night-gowne, and went to her window; and

the walls,

thought it to be on the back-side of Marke-lane at the
farthest; but, being unused to such fires as followed, I
thought it far enough off; and so went to bed again, and to
sleep. About seven rose again to dress myself, and there
looked out at the window, and saw the fire not so much as
it was and further off. So to my closett to set things to
rights after yesterday's cleaning. By and by Jane comes
and tells me that she hears that above 300 houses have been
burned down to-night by the fire we saw, and that it is now
burning down all Fish-street, by London Bridge. So I
made myself ready presently, and walked to the Tower,
and there got up upon one of the high places, Sir J. Robin-
son's little son going up with me; and there I did see the
houses at that end of the bridge all on fire, and an infinite
great fire on this and the other side the end of the bridge;
which, among other people, did trouble me for poor little
Michell and our Sarah on the bridge. So down, with my
heart full of trouble, to the Lieutenant of the Tower, who
tells me that it begun this morning in the King's baker's
house in Pudding-lane, and that it hath burned St.
Magnus' Church and most part of Fish-street already.
I down to the water-side, and there got a boat and through
bridge, and there saw a lamentable fire. Poor Michell's
house, as far as the Old Swan, already burned that way, and
the fire running further, that in a very little time it got
as far as the Steele-yard, while I was there. Everybody
endeavouring to remove their goods, and flinging into the
river or bringing them into lighters that lay off; poor
people staying in their houses as long as till the very fire
touched them, and then running into boats, or clambering
from one pair of stairs by the waterside to another. And,
among other things, the poor pigeons, I perceive, were loth
to leave their houses, but hovered about the windows and
balconys, till they were, some of them burned, their wings,
and fell down. Having staid, and in an hour's time seen the

So

out them, but

within the
liberties); of
the six and
it utterly de-
twenty wards
stroyed fif-
teen, and left
eight others

shattered

and half burnt; it consumed eighty-nine churches, four of the

city gates, Guildhall, many public structures, hospitals, schools, libraries, a great number

of stately edifices, 13,200 dwelling-houses, and 460 streets.

"

From the inscription on a monument erected

in 1671 near Pudding Lane, to commemo

rate the fire. On the fire,

see J. Evelyn, Diary.