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with a military government worse than ever disgraced the soil of Asia, or Africa, or Spanish America. Here your lordship could sit in your office in the castle of Dublin, and witness the rising and falling of the lash, hear the groans of the mangled, smile at the outrage of humanity, and pride yourself on having invented an improvement upon torture. Your pitch-caps and bowel-flagellations were a refinement upon every thing that had been practised in the continental inquisitions, and what is still more outrageous, your lordship's native boldness enabled you to set aside all qualms of conscience, and to make public exhibitions of these barbarous atrocities. Having reduced Ireland to a state of debility by draining its life-blood in flagelations, in secret assassinations, and in every such like pursuit as could gratify the most insatiate monster, your lordship began to look out for a new sphere of action. England was the soil which seemed to attract your lordship's attention, and lest you should lose the opportunity of wreaking vengeance on the last remains of honest feeling in Ireland, you produced the annihilation of its parliament, and made it a mere tributary province to that country and government, in which you have found room to extend the destructive powers of your appetite. Having filled Ireland with disconsolate widows and parentless orphans, your lordship crosses the channel to find further room to display the depravity of human nature, when it is swayed over men who tacitly submit to an usurpation of government, and consent to be slaves from habit and ignorance. A congenial feeling soon arises between your lordship and the reigning monarch of England, that attachment, which is calculated to procure best and to the greatest extent the objects of choice, soon entwined your bosom into that of your master, and procured for you an illimitable discretion. You were the man above all others to feed the sanguinary disposition of your master, and to keep up an indiscriminate carnage of the human race, for no other object whatever, than that you might triumph in the assertion that you had spilled more blood than any previous despot, and had swayed the wills of a greater portion of mankind than any predeces

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The interests of Ireland you have both distracted and ruined for the present, and now you sigh to play exact the same game in England. You have nearly approached a similar climax, and common rumour says, that if you had any further place of refuge, where you could repeat the same game, the tragedy would soon be brought to a conclusion and the cur

tain of Britain drop never to be removed during the life-time of Castlereagh. My lord, we, the people of Great Britain, know to a certainty, that you have frequently expressed a wish to sabre them when assembled in public meetings, and I, for one, believe that you secretly instigated the Magistrates of Manchester to perpetrate those atrocities of the 16th of August last. On the occasion of the Spa-fields meeting, you made a similar proposition to the cabinet, pledging yourself as the responsible person for it; but fortunately your colleagues thought that the tragedy would be performed too near home, and that it might, when began, be apt to reach themselves. This has been the sole ground that has prevented a carnage in London; your lordship never dreaded the consequences, because it would have restored you to your native element, and like Nero, you would have fiddled amidst the fire of our houses and the flowing of our blood. But still the power remains in your hands, and it is more than probable, that the picture which I have exhibited as practised in Ireland, and the conjecture of its repetition in England, might be realized, and at no very distant day. You hold the ingredients of this disastrous plague, and we have too much cause to fear that you anxiously seek the opportunity to scatter them. It is surprising to hear your lordship in parliament talk about the attempts to bring about a revolution in this country, whilst, at the same time, you have been the chief iustrument in disorganizing every thing that was stable, and fomenting the elements of change and convulsion. That the stamina of revolution are prepared in this country I have no doubt, and still less doubt, that your lordship has been one of the main causes of that preparation. You are the main-spring of the government of this country, and although the lesser causes of motion may in some measure tend to check you, still you must finally prevail over them, and guide them by your own strength and influence. Having taken this cursory view of your political career, I come now to consider that in a diplomatic point of view.

Your first step, I believe, happened at the close of the career of Napoleon Buonaparte; but I shall pass over all minor matters, and come at once to the Congress of Vienna, and the subsequent one at Aix-la-Chapelle. It was at Vienna that your Lordship prided yourself with the idea of holding the helm of the Continent; and this appears most conspicuously, when you could venture, after the close of that business, to set your foot on the soil of Ireland, and to toast it as the birth

place of the ablest of Statesmen, and of Generals !—meaning, of couse, yourself, as the ablest of Statesmen! It was at Vienna that your Lordship convinced the despots of Europe, that the English government was willing to accede to their system of misrule, and to check the further progress of liberty and knowledge, you returned from Vienna, decked with ribbons, and laden with snuff-boxes, and elated with the idea, that you would soon establish the Inquisition, the torture, a censorship over the press, and an absolute monarchy, with an immense standing army, in Britain. You never, for a moment, thought that the nation would require a system of the strictest economy, to recover the dilapidations of so many years of war; but, on the contrary, you must have an increased splendour, an increased taxation, and an increased army, to silence the moans of public distress.-You have rendered the mind of the monarch as imbecile as that of an infant; and now you find that you can best amuse it with a few dressed dolls, a whistle, and a rattle, and an army in miniature, manufactured out of wood, and painted agreeable to his Majesty's taste. At the Congress of Vienna, not one step was taken for ameliorating the condition of mankind, but the whole time was spent in dissecting the Continent, and placing its several inhabitants under that despot which could best controul them, and conform to a settled plan of domination. Thus, we find Italy, and Venice, and Genoa, and Piedmont, brought under the influence and lash of the despot of Austria, lest the rule of a new monarch should impress the idea of a new system. Although Murat was not expelled from Italy and Naples at the moment that the Congress was sitting, stilk it is unquestionable, that his destruction was there planned, and thence put into execution. Buonaparte interrupted the sittings of Vienna, and caused the close of those hellish deliberations to take place at Aix-la-Chapelle. The result was, that France should be fettered with an immense foreign army, and every effort used to erase the memory of the revolution. The present King of Sweden, the child of Buonaparte, was then, and is still looked on, with a very jealous eyc; and it is unquestionable, that a scheme is prepared to expel him from the Swedish throné, as the last emblem of the French revolution, and to replace the son of Gustavus Adolphus, the former king. Should the progress of revolution be less tardy than is now to be hoped, on the Continent, the death of the late King of Sweden, will be the signal for the expulsion of, what then we shall hear called, the usurper. At this last place of conference,

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to consolidate the measures agreed on, was formed the Holy Alliance-the purport of which was, as we have since had practical proof, to encourage the progress of fanaticism in the public mind, the better to enslave the body. Perhaps no men know the causes and effects of liberty better than despots. As it is, the enemy which they have to cope with, forms a prominent part of their studies. They know it, and dread it, and instinctly avow perpetual war with it. But it is satisfactory to reflect, that the semen of revolution had taken such deep root throughout the Continent, that it has sprung up first in the most neglected, and the least suspected parts. There, where no efforts had been apparently used to crush it, and uproot it, has it shot forth, and promises an abundant harvest. The Army of Observation is scattered, and the military of each country begin to forsake their despot, and to combine with their friends and brothers, the people. Although man is within himself a machine, still it appears, that a body of enlightened men, are not to be made a machine for the use and abuse of a despot's will. The example of revolt is given. Spain and Naples have proved the experiment successful; and the choice of liberty or slavery is held out to the rest of Europe. Embrace it, soldiers!-and learn that the base of your prosperity depends on your affection with a people-and not with a despot!

Scarcely had the holy alliance time sufficient to unfold itself, than revolution has struck at its root, and made this herbane wither like a leaf in October. Its pestiferous sap, instead of infecting, has only strengthened the precautions against infection, and that which was intended as a destructive poison to the growth of liberty, has been converted to a nourishing remedy in preserving and propagating it. Thus far my lord all your efforts for the future seem blasted, you have most assiduously cultivated the growth of despotism, but the season and the climate has been unfavourable to your crop. I should not have said crop, because, it has been destroyed in the blade. What intend you to do now my lord? Will you summon another congress-will you stir up a continual war in imitation of your predecessor Pitt, or will you shrink from the blast and play the coward, because you are in an extremity? Go on my lord, finish well the good work so well begun. Your lordship has not yet studied philosophy, you have not trod the realm of metaphysics, and travelled from causes to effects. Had your lordship studied philosophy before you had entered on your career of diplomacy, you would have not laid

down causes which should produce opposite effects to those wished for and intended. You have built your house on the sand, which the storm of winter shall sweep away. All your ribands-all your snuff-boxes, will be to you but monuments of your folly and wickedness, and when they tarnish like your fame, will cease to amuse you, and to give consolation to a vacant and distracted mind. Go on, noble lord; obstinacy even in vice is counted of more repute than a relapsed wavering, and what to you will be still more consoling, that a mind bent and determined on an object is always buoyed up with hope whilst it is in the act of perseverance. Cease not whilst you have life to follow the same career, for what is death and a momentary pain when put in competition with months and years passed in painful regrets and unhoped for relief. It is nothing, my lord, and let not those idle and fanatical qualms of conscience, which are felt by Sidmouth, Wilberforce, Eldon and Vansittart, have any hold in your mind. Have nothing to do with their Bible-clubs, instead of revel routes, and their religeuse conversationes, instead of the gay and sprightly dance. Those men will pine and sink under the reverses of fortune, whilst your lordship shall be in good spirits even though the halter be about your neck. Your lordship must substitute that native boldness, which has clevated you to so dangerous a height, for magnanimity, and shew the world, that, although your conduct has the appearance of pusillanimity inflated, you are not the dastard which false greatness too often covers. Let your exit be as splendid and as elevated as your late and present career, that posterity might say, "he died as he lived-the pole of attraction, and under the beam of glory."

I come now to consider the observations which your lord-. ship lately made in parliament, and more particularly those which related to the publication containing this letter.

In opening this subject, your lordship is made to say by the newspaper's report," that nothing could be more painful to a well regulated mind, than to observe the extreme length to which the press had gone in discussions on this subject.” Perhaps your lordship considers, that only to be a well regulated mind, which is at your lordship's controul, such as those members of the Common's House, which Mr. Brougham has lately designated as hounds. Without doubt it would be very satisfactory to your lordship, and draw forth your encomiums, if you could in the same manner regulate the minds of the whole community as you do the majority of that House, whe

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