2d Pennsylvania Regiment, he was ordered ror over the frontier settlements in the to Canada in February, 1776, and in the Northwestern Territory. In May, 1791, early summer aided Sullivan in saving his Gen. Charles Scott, of Kentucky, led 800 army from capture. In August he was men, and penetrated to the Wabash counmade a brigadier-general, and joined try, almost to the present site of LaWashington in November. St. Clair was fayette, Ind., and destroyed several Indian actively engaged in New Jersey until villages. At the beginning of August April, 1777, when he took command of General Wilkinson, with more than 500 Ticonderoga, which he was compelled to men, pushed into the same region to evacuate (July 4-5), by the presence of Tippecanoe and the surrounding prairies, Burgoyne in overwhelming force. After destroyed some villages of Kickapoos, and that he was a member of Washington's made his way to the Falls of the Ohio, military family, acting as his aide at the opposite Louisville. These forays caused battle near the Brandywine. He was with the Indians to fight more desperately for Sullivan in the Seneca country in 1779. their country. Congress then prepared to St. Clair commanded the light infantry plant forts in the Northwestern Territory, in the absence of Lafayette, and was a and in September there were 2,000 troops member of the court that condemned at Fort Washington, under the immediate Major André. He

was in command at West Point from Oct. 1, 1780, and aided in suppressing the mutiny of the Pennsylvania line in January, 1781. Joining Washington in October, he participated in the capture of Cornwallis, and afterwards led

a body of troops to join Greene in South Carolina, driving the British from Wilmington on the way. He was afterwards a delegate in Congress; president of that body (February to November, 1787); appointed governor of the Northwestern Territory (February, 1788); fixed the

seat of government at Cincinnati, and, command of Gen. Richard Butler. With in honor of the Cincinnati Society, gave the place that name.

General St. Clair as chief, these troops marched northward. They built Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, 20 miles from Fort Washington, and garrisoned it. Forty-two miles farther on they built Fort Jefferson, and, when moving from that post, late in October, there were evidences that Indian scouts were hovering on their

Made commander-in-chief of the army (March 4, 1791), he moved against the Indians on the Wabash, while so lame from gout that he was carried on a litter. The Indians, encouraged by the defeat of Harmar (October, 1790), had spread ter

surprised and astonished inhabitants, unable to offer any resistance, and ignorant of war between their home government and Great Britain, surrendered the post and its dependencies, at the same time invoking clemency for the town. The island was a rich prize, for it was a free port for all nations and was one continued store of French, Dutch, American, and English property." All the magazines and storehouses were filled, and even the beach was covered with tobacco and sugar. The value of merchandise found there was

66

flanks. The invaders halted and encamp- island and demanded of Governor De ed on a tributary of the Wabash, in Darke Graat its surrender within an hour. The county, O., 100 miles north from Fort Washington (now Cincinnati). There the wearied soldiers slept (Nov. 3), without suspicion of danger near. During the night the sentinels gave warning of prowling Indians, and early the next morning, while the army were preparing for break fast, they were furiously attacked by the barbarians. The slaughter among the troops was dreadful. General Butler was killed, and most of the other officers were slain or wounded. The army fled in confusion, and it was with great difficulty that St. Clair escaped on a pack-horse, estimated at $15,000,000. There were after having three horses killed under him. Among the fugitives were 100 women, wives of soldiers, most of whom escaped. St. Clair lost nearly half of his army-over 800 men killed and wounded. The remainder returned to Fort Washington.

Blamed severely, a committee of Congress vindicated St. Clair; but he resigned his commission, March 5, 1792, and in November, 1802, Jefferson removed him from the governorship in the Northwest. He was then broken in health, spirits, and fortune, and, retiring to a log-house on the summit of Chestnut Ridge, among the Alleghany Mountains, he there passed the remainder of his days in poverty, while he had unsettled righteous claims against the government. Five years before his death the legislature of Pennsylvania granted him an annuity of $400, and, a short time before his death, a pension from the government of $60 a month was awarded him. He published a narrative of his unfortunate campaign against the Indians. He died in Greensburg, Pa., Aug.

taken in the bay a Dutch frigate, five smaller vessels of war, and 150 merchantships. Thirty richly laden Dutch ships which had just left the island were overtaken by a detachment from Rodney's fleet and captured, together with their convoy, a 60-gun Dutch ship. Keeping the Dutch flag flying on the island, no less than seventeen Dutch ships were decoyed into port and seized.

St. Francis Indians, a tribe inhabiting a village on the edge of Canada, which was long a terror to the frontier settlers of New England. Enriched by plunder and the ransoms paid for their captives, they possessed a handsome chapel (they were Roman Catholics), with plate and ornaments. In their village might be seen, stretched on hoops, many scalps of both sexes displayed as trophies of their valor in smiting the English. Against these Indians General Amherst, while at Crown Point, in 1759, sent Maj. Robert Rogers, a distinguished partisan officer, at the head of a corps of New Hampshire rangers. With 200 of his rangers, Rogers traversed the forest so stealthily that he surprised the village in October, slew a large part of the warriors, and plundered and burned the town. Attempting to return by way of Lake Memphremagog and the Connecticut River, the rangers suffered terribly. Their provisions gave out, and some perished for want of food; others were killed by pursuing Indians, but the greater part reached Crown Point in safety.

Saint-Gaudens, AUGUSTUS, sculptor; born in Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 1848; was brought to the United States when

an infant; learned the trade of cameo-cut- Boys, led by Col. Seth Warner, also joined ter; studied drawing at Cooper Institute him. The garrison, commanded by Major in 1861; student at the National Academy of Design in 1865-66; then studied in Paris till 1870 and in Rome in 1871-72, producing in the latter city his first figure, Hiawatha. He returned to New York in 1873. Among his most important works are Adoration of the Cross; The Puritan; statues of Abraham Lincoln, John A. Logan, Admiral Farragut, Col. R. G. Shaw; monument of General Sherman; and numerous other statues, busts, etc. He designed the Medal of Award of the Columbian Exposition, and a number of presentation medals authorized by Congress. In 1901 he was engaged on the Parnell Memorial monument.

Preston, was well supplied with provisions and ammunition. This circumstance, the disaster to Ethan Allen near Montreal, and the insubordination and mutinous spirit displayed by the Connecticut and New York troops, prolonged the siege. It lasted fifty-five days. On the evening of Nov. 2, when Preston heard of the defeat of a considerable force under Carleton, on their way to relieve him, and was notified of the fall of Chambly, he determined to surrender the fort unless relief speedily came. Montgomery demanded an immediate surrender. Preston asked a delay of four days. His request was denied, and the garrison became prisoners of war on

MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT AT ST. JOHN, 1850.

St. John, JOHN PIERCE, lawyer; born the 3d, marching out of the fort with the in Brookville, Ind., Feb. 25, 1833; was educated in Indiana; served in the Union army during the Civil War, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel; was elected to the Kansas State Senate in 1872, and governor of Kansas in 1879; and was the Prohibition candidate for President of the United States in 1884, receiving 151,809 popular votes. In 1900 he supported Mr. Bryan for President, and while claiming independence in politics, is an advocate of the free coinage of both gold and silver, prohibition, and woman suffrage.

honors of war. There were 500 regulars and 100 Canadian volunteers. The spoils were forty-eight pieces of artillery, 800 sinall-arms, some naval stores, and a quantity of lead and shot.

were

permitted to

enter

the

St. Joseph, FORT. On the morning of May 25, 1763, a party of Pottawattomie Indians appeared before the English post at the mouth of the St. Joseph's River, on Lake Michigan. That post had been established where the Jesuit missionaries had maintained a missionary station almost sixty years. The fort was garSt. John, SIEGE OF. Because of the risoned by an ensign and fourteen men. illness of General Schuyler, General Mont- With friendly greetings the Pottawatgomery was placed in active command of tomies the American army invading Canada. fort, and in "two minutes" they had On Sept. 10, 1775, Montgomery left Isle massacred the whole garrison. See PONaux Noix and landed 1,000 troops near TIAC. St. John, the first military post within St. Lawrence, MOVEMENT ON THE. the Canadian border. Deceived concern- When news of the declaration of war being the strength of the garrison and the tween the United States and Great disposition of the Canadians, he fell back Britain (June, 1812) reached Ogdensburg, and waited for reinforcements. Other N. Y., on the St. Lawrence, eight AmerNew York troops joined him. Lamb's ican schooners-trading vessels-lay in company of artillery came late in Septem- the harbor. They endeavored to escape ber. Some troops from New Hampshire into Lake Ontario, bearing away affrightunder Colonel Bedel, and Green Mountain ed families and their effects. An active

possession of the United States, March in St. Louis, Mo., in 1903, to commem10, 1804, there were only two American orate the acquisition of Louisiana by Presfamilies in the place, and 925 inhabitants ident Jefferson. Congress appropriated in all. There were about 150 houses and $5,000,000 in aid of the enterprise upon three streets: La Rue Principale (Main condition that the city of St. Louis exStreet), La Rue de L'Église (Second pend $10,000,000 for the same purpose. Street); and La Rue des Granges (Third The government appropriation was to be

1880, 350,518; 1890, 451,770; and in 1900, treated as a loan, and was to be repaid.

575,238.

St. Louis received its name from Pierre Ligueste Laclede in 1764, when he established it as a post of the Louisiana Fur Company. Five years later Spanish troops, under Captain Rios, took possession (Aug. 11, 1768), but exercised no civil functions pending the arrival of Don Pedro Piernas, who assumed the government, May 20, 1770. British troops and Indian allies attacked the city May 26, 1780, but were repulsed. The first territorial General Assembly met at the house of Joseph Robidoux, Dec. 7, 1812.

Louisiana Purchase Centennial.-In 1900 it was proposed to hold a World's Fair

from the money earned by the exposition. The city of St. Louis authorized an issue of $5,000,000 in bonds, and the citizens of the city subscribed a second sum of $5,000,000, making a total of $15,000,000 to be devoted to the celebration.

St. Louis Arsenal. Under the inspiration of a graduate of the West Point Academy, Daniel M. Frost, and under the lead of the governor of Missouri (C. F. Jackson), an attempt was made in May, 1861, to seize the United States Arsenal at St. Louis. The Confederates had already seized one unguarded arsenal at Liberty, Clay county, under the direction of the governor, but the one at St. Louis