hard things easily, and disagreeable things happily. He must recognize at once where the cause of failure is in anything that has gone awry and have the skill and ability to quietly and successfully remove it without a surgeon's knife or an anesthetic. He must know how to amicably discipline an insubordinate instructor without alienating the affection of his friends for himself and to appropriately suspend a delinquent student who plays on the football team, without destroying the athletic fame of the University.

But soberly, the Board of Trustees expects him to be a man of great executive power, frank, openly honest, ready to accord to every one the chance to do his best, sympathetic with both teachers and students and fearless in the line of duty.

The Trustees have only periodic meetings at which they consider university matters; the President is in constant contact with trying work and the burden of responsibility falls from him for not a moment. Few persons, perhaps, even of the Trustees, realize the amount of. exacting labor and protracted alertness which sap vitality that are necessitated by the duties of the presidency.

Secondly, he is the educational advisor of the Board. His judgment must be sound, his reasoning correct, his opinions footed on the best authority and his plans practicable. He must inform the Board what of its proposed actions are vagaries and what are sound policies. He must warn of danger, when all seems well. At the dividing of the roads he must interpret the sign boards faithfully, whether they be in Sanscrit or in modern English. He must have courageous convictions about salaries, the qualifications of instructors and the methods of promotions. His advice must be faultless upon the subject of fraternities and strenuous athletics. In other words he must keep the Trustees informed of all the educational good things that are good, and bad things that are bad. The situation which the President holds as advisor to the Board was expressed by a member a short time ago in this: "It is equal to a liberal education to be an active member of this Board a few years."

Thirdly, the President is the Board's educational representative. The Board's duty is not only to conduct a university for the State, but also to conduct it to the satisfaction of the people. There must be harmony of opinion between the people and the Trustees. If the people fail to advance with the expanding ideas of university education, they must be enlightened; if the Trusteees are slow to establish and promote some line of advanced work which the people want, the Board must be prodded. The President is the harmonizer. He is the educational educator. His insight must be a sort of barometer which discloses the condition of the atmosphere and then he must lead those to higher altitudes whose clouds must be removed. His duty includes his being a pathfinder for the people in educational thought. He

must break the way to better things and patiently help all to an understanding of what the best is in scholarship, in citizenship, in duty and in life. With such a President there will always be an intelligent, able and responsible Board of Trustees. Their responsibilities are not lessened, but are most pleasantly performed. Under such conditions the institution prospers, its work enlarges, its scope widens, it gains enthusiastic friends and its blessed fruits are exceedingly abundant.

ADDRESS

THE HONORABLE ANDREW S. DRAPER, LL.D.

Commissioner of Education of the State of New York, Albany

The distinguished presence, the impressive procedure, and the function and purpose of this great University convocation are surely sufficient to make it memorable. Other gatherings for the discussion of many subjects of the highest import to higher education in America have been associated with this assemblage. The effort to accompany an installation with an educational advance has been distinct. The gracious attendance of the representatives of many American and of some foriegn universities lends very substantial assistance to this effort. Taken together, the exercises may rival if not surpass any previous undertaking in the interests of the higher learning in the Mississippi Valley.

Of very considerable interest to all, the occasion is certainly of profound significance to this University. We are now at the very heart of the main business for which we came together. We are taking a step of the very first magnitude in our affairs. We are conferring a very great honor. We are imposing a very great burden. It is through the bestowal of a very great office. We are come not merely to ratify an appointment or to deliver keys, but to give to a new leader the expression of our confidence and the assurance of our help. We would not disguise our understanding of what it all implies to him, to us, and to all of the interests of this institution. We would invest this occasion with all seriousness. With solemnity we pledge our support. Realizing both the need and the meaning of it, we offer words of cheer and the best wishes which a buoyant and expectant people can lay at the feet of a new administration.

This is not the day for reminiscence, but it is the day for reflection, as well as the day of hope. Rational outlook rests upon a true understanding of what is and what has been. In university building the future can lift high its turrets only upon foundations laid sure and true. There is no better exemplification of American spirit anywhere than is found in the history of this University. Without any aid from nature but a rich soil, without a single helpful feature in the landscape, upon

almost an exact plain, without hill, or tree, or rock, or river, it has made a campus as homelike and ennobling as any one of us has seen. Without building materials in the neighborhood, it has erected buildings at once spacious and serviceable. With a school of architecture. of its own, without close association with the best architecture of the world, with considerable of the feeling that a new building belonged to an architect who had been trained by the University, and that in time every graduate in architecture ought to be represented by a building, it has, in one way or another, which need not be specified here, worked out, or worried out, a very respectable collection of architectural effects. Located between and across the borderline of two small cities, it has risen above their rivalries, made them useful suburbs, and given them a useful mission-even the housing of the people of a university. Started in an environment not specially conducive to scholarly pursuits, it has developed a setting which is beginning to support its work admirably. Far from the geographical or popular center of the State, it has overcome distances and become a conspicuous spot on the map of Illinois. Without a large city to draw upon for students, even beset with deep prejudices and sharp rivalries, it has filled all the highways with happy young men and maidens, coming to or going from its work. At a distance from large libraries and without free association with the centers of scholarship, and until now with very inadequate support, it has built up an instructional force exceptionally able at many points and of very satisfactory average strength: Under the disadvantages as well as the advantages of a popular support and a democratic management, it has become widely celebrated for its unparalleled growth, and has fought its way to a very high place in the list of large American universities. One hundred out of the one hundred and two counties of Illinois, forty-three other states, and eight foreign countries are represented in its student body. In the breadth of its offerings and the measure of the loftiness of its ambitions it is second to none. When it was robbed of most of its invested and much of its operating funds, it succeeded in three weeks-with the help of the Legislature and Governor in converting its discomfiture into better securities than universities ordinarily have,-good, five per cent. everlasting bonds of the commonwealth of Illinois. Later than all neighboring state universities in getting started, and exceedingly slow in gaining moneyed support, it has at last won the genuine pride and generous confidence of a State which can do whatever it will,-for which all of us make most sincere acknowledgments in the hope of yet larger favors still to come. Drawing upon other universities and all other sources of supply for all it can get, it is increasing its contributions to the scholarship of the country and doing more than was ever foreseen to train the young men and women of a rich and imperial State to the

serious business of making the most of themselves through intelligent and tiring work of every kind and through a rational use of the results of commercial and industrial prosperity.

This State is fortunate in that its State University and its Agricultural and Mechanical colleges are being developed together. The work of each supports the other. It is producing a very large institution, one with broad foundations and innumerable offerings. With all of the departments here where there is small need of physicians, its medical colleges are where medical men are most in demand and at the largest center of medical education in the world. All in all, it is accumulating students with a rapidity which is creating a responsibility beyond compute.

We all know this, but it is well to express it. It gives us strength. We are equal to it. By common assent and intuitive impulse this institution is now to be made great as well as big. The state university development in America is one of the very greatest as well as the most surprising movements in world education. It is the logical outgrowth of the democratic advance. Few will say that the state universities are not already as potential as the universities which have preceded them. In opportunities to serve a people through the applications of learning to diversified life, as well as in the aspiration and the strength to make that service great, they are ranking university operations everywhere. Illinois expects to lag behind no other state in the generosity and the intelligence of her doing for the higher learning. She provides the means and calls the best men she can get for her service. Then she wants a new advance. She will not temporize with opportunity. She will not tolerate excuses. She will go forward. With profound regard for all the states around her, with the warmest appreciation of the aid she is getting from other universities, and the most unqualified assurances of reciprocity, the key note of this great week at the University of Illinois sounds a decided advance to higher and stronger ground.

One who has the gifts and the strength to lead this advance is to be envied the opportunity. I wish I could compound the thinking and express the reflections and the hopefulness of us all. The suggestions born of my thinking and my experience which bear upon this hour and the future of this University are in these plain and fundamental, briefly stated propositions:

Serve the commonwealth of Illinois, not only in her industries, but in her political theories and practices, in rearing noble ideals of true culture and in strengthening her conception of the moral obligations of such a people. Do it when sure of your ground, even though it involves the saying of some things which, at the moment, many of her people may not like to hear.

Aid every educational activity, whether public school or parish

school or proprietary school, whether endowed college or professional school, or private or public library, or study club, or whatever else it may be, if it has the purpose of enlarging knowledge or extending culture in or out of the schools. Be true to every other university. Never forget that meanness defeats itself. In education the way to

get rich is through enriching others.

Bring to this University the best scholars who can be procured in any part of the world. There are no artificial barriers and no political boundaries in the democracy of learning. Pay what you have to pay in order to have the best instruction in the country. This is one of the leading things for which the last administration was disposed to give way to the new one. The old one could have gone on in the old way. It was believed that a new leader could take some important steps more surely than the old one. If not taken, an opportunity will be lost. He is here to fill the gap of opportunity to the full. Let the fact be established and let the country come to know that no more new truth is likely to be dug out anywhere, and no better instruction provided anywhere, than at the University of Illinois.

Develop young men in the faculties by giving them their opportunities; and assure them just credit for all the work they do. Do not stunt them by letting them think that they are so very much larger than they really are.

Enter into student sympathies and share student outlook. Brace up the timid and the hesitating. Find ways to put surplus energies to useful ends. Give all plenty of good work to do. Forgive the ones who are a trifle too active but not so very bad. Let the vicious know that there is no place for viciousness in the affairs of a university. Command the situation through the stirring of sentiment, through the development of opinion, and through reliance upon that moral sense which in the last analysis is always overwhelming in a university

crowd.

Let justice and sense stand, whoever falls. Let there be a day in court for all. Be as just to a student when a teacher is at fault as to a teacher when a student is in trouble.

Fight for absolute cleanness. Insist that everything shall comport with the purposes of such an institution. Demand that everyone in the service shall have undivided devotion to the work which he undertakes. Avoid expenditures which do not commend themselves to the good sense of sane and experienced men. Reject all extravagances. When money is expended see that a dollar buys the value of a dollar. Stand for nothing until convinced; shrink from nothing merely because personal interests are in the way.

Mr. President, administer your splendid estate, and execute the high purpose for which this great aggregation of material things and of intellectual and moral forces is maintained. Do it without fear or