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David's eight closing Psalms (appended to his seventy-two preceding ones), beginning and ending with praise, introduce the final Hallelujahs. cxxxviii. 1, Jehovah's promise of perpetuity to David's house and throne: 2 Sam. vii. 19-23, Ps. xviii. 49, cxxxviii. 2, with 2 Sam. vii. 1, 18, 28. "David sat before Jehovah -Thy words be true": 21-26 with Ps. cxxxviii. I, Thou hast magnified Thy word above all Thy name ": ver. 3 with 1 Chr. xvii. 25, Ps. xxi. 2, 4, lxi. 5, 6. cxxxviii. 6, "Though the Lord be high, yet hath He respect unto the lowly," with 1 Chr. xvii. 17, “Thou hast regarded me according to the law of the man of high degree": 2 Sam. vii. 19, Ps. viii. 4-6. cxxxviii. 7, “Though I walk in the midst of trouble, Thou wilt revive me; Thou shalt stretch forth Thine hand against the wrath of mine enemies "; with xxiii. 4, lxxi. 20, 2 Sam. vii., viii. Ps. cxxxviii. 8, "Jehovah will perfect that which concerneth me,” with 2 Sam. vii. 25: Ps. cxxxix. with cxxxviii. cxxxix. 2, "Thou understandest my thought afar off," with cxxxviii. 6: ver. 7 with cxxxix. 10, "Thy right hand shall hold me ": ver. II, "If I say the darkness shall cover me," with cxxxviii. 7. cxxxix. 2, "My downsitting," with 2 Sam. vii. I, I Chr. xvii. I. God's promise (2 Sam. vii. 18) in David's mind, when writing Ps. cxxxix. Ver. II, 13, with xxii. 10. cxxxix. 14, "I am fearfully made," with 2 Sam. vii. 23, "God went to do for you terrible things ": lxv. 5. cxxxix. 15, 16: lvi. 8 with Job x. 10, 11. cxxxix. 17, "How precious are Thy thoughts unto me !" with xxxvi. 7, 2 Sam. vii. 18, 19. cxxxix. 18, "They are more... than the sand," with Gen. xxxii. 12. Ps. cxxxix. 18, "When I awake, I am with Thee," with lxiii. 6. cxxxix. 19, "Thou wilt slay the wicked," with 2 Sam. iii. 28, 29, iv. 10, 12, 1 Kings.ii. 5, 6. "See if there be any way of sorrow (idolatry) in me," I's. cxxxix. 24, with xvi. 4, I John v. 21. Ps. cxl. I with xviii. 48, "Thou hast delivered me from the violent man": 2 Sam. xxii. 49. cxl. 2. with lvi. 6, lix. 3, lxiv. 3. cxl. 3 with lviii. 4. cxl. 2, 7 with 1 Sam. xvii. 38, xxviii. 2, “Thou hast covered my head in the day of armature." cxl. II, 12, with xxxv. 6 and ix. 4. cxli. 3, 4, "Set a watch before my mouth," with xxxvii. 1, xxxix. 1. The cycle cxxxviii.-cxlv. answers to 2 Sam. xxiii. 1-7. David's desire that his seed should not forfeit God's promise (2 Sam. vii.) by sin. The style lively and terse, as David's former Psalms, not as the post-exile Psalms. cxli. 6, 7, "Our bones are scattered at the grave's mouth," with Isa. xxvi. 19, Ezek. xxxvii. contrast to Ps. liii. 5, Ezek. xxxix. 10-21. The foe's bones scattered who had scattered Israel's bones, Ps. ii. 9, 10. cxli. 4, 5, "their sweets (dainties)," 2 Sam. xv. 7, 12, 1 Kings i. 9, 41. "David's sweet words." His "prayer in their calamities" will be for them. cxli. 5, "Let the righteous smite me shall not break my head," with 2 Sam. xii. 13-23, vii. 14, 15 ("If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men"). cxli. 6, as 2 Sam. xviii. 17: Absalom, xv. 4, 2-6, 12: after their would-be "judge was overthrown in stony places," they listened to David's "sweet words,' better than Absalom's sweet 'dainties': xix. 14, 41, 43. Ps. cxli. 7, 66 when one furroweth the earth": Israel's hope: Isa. xi. I, vi. 13. "A supplicatory prayer-in the cave": with 1 Sam. xxi., xxii. failed me,"-viz., with Achish,-had to return and hide in Adullam cave: Pss. Ivi., lvii., Maschil' for all ages, how to find relief in trial, with 1 Sam. xxx. 6. Ps. cxliii. 1," Hear... in Thy faithfulness,"-viz., to Thy promise: 2 Sam.

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Ps. cxlii.,

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vii. 5, 12, etc. “Thy servant," Ps. cxliii. 2, 12. Ver. 8,“ Cause me to hear Thy loving-kindness in the morning," with 2 Sam. xxiii. 4, Ps. lix. 16. cxliii. 6, "My soul thirsteth after Thee," with lxiii. 1, 2 Sam. xvi. 2. 14. Ps. cxliv. I with xviii. 34. cxliv. 2, "Subdueth my people," with 2 Sam. xxii. 40, 44, v. 25, viii., xix. 14. 43 : in Ps. xviii. 39, 43, “the people." "Rid me out of great waters . . . strange children," Ps. cxliv. 7, 11, with xviii. 16, 44, 45. "Right hand of falsehood," cxliv. E, with 2 Sam. xx. 9. Ps. cxliv. 3, 4, "What is man?" with viii. 4, 2 Sam. vii. 18, 19. Ps. cxliv. 9, 'God' absolutely peculiar to David in fourth and fifth books: except c. 3. cxlv., the thanksgiving Psalm, Tehillah: whence the Psalter is called Tehillim, Rev. v. 13. Ps. cxlv. 7, 21, with xix. 2: preparing for the last hallelujah. cxlv. I, "0 king": the keynote of the coming kingdom: Isa. lxi. 6, Heb. ii. 5-12. Pages 155-171

LECTURE XXI.

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"The kings of Tarshish x. 10, 22. Messiah the 'Prayer made for him," "The prayers of David,

Solomon's Psalm Ixxii. objective. David's Psalms subjective. lxxi. fitly precedes. David going forth to present Solomon as his successor. Bounds of his kingdom: as in Gen. xv. 18, Deut. xi. 24: with 1 Kings iv. 21, Ps. lxxii. 8. Messiah, the antitype, Num. xxiv. 19. lxxii. 1, “Give the king Thy judgments," with I Chr. xxix 19, "Give unto Solomon . . . a perfect heart": 1 Kings iii. 9. "To judge Thy people," Ps. lxxii. 3, with 1 Chr. xxii. 8, 9, "I will give peace in his days": 1 Kings v. 4. Ps. lxxii. 6, "Like rain upon the mown grass, as showers that water the earth," with 2 Sam. xxiii. 4. and Sheba offer gifts," Ps. lxxii. ro, with 1 Kings antitype, Ps. lxxii. 11 with 1 Kings iv. 21, 24. Ps. lxxii. 15, with xx. Doxology closing Book II., son of Jesse, are ended," with 2 Sam. xxiii. 1, 1 Chr. xxix. 26, Isa. xi. I. Ps. cxxvii. bright in tone, free from the sadness of the "songs of degrees" without titles. Individuality in cxxvii.; but in the others the church and nation are prominent. So Prov. x. 22. Ps. cxxvii. 1, "Except the Lord build the house,' etc., with 1 Kings v., vi., vii., viii. David laboured, but built not, because of the Lord: Solomon laboured not, but built, because of the Lord. "Except the Lord keep the city," with 1 Kings ix. 15, 2 Chr. viii. 1-6. Ps. cxxvii. 2, “God gives to His beloved ones in sleep": Jedidiah, 2 Sam. xii. 24, 25 : at Gibeon, I Kings iii. 5-13, iv. 20, 25, vi. 7, 1 Chr. xxviii. 11, xxix. 2-4, xxii. 3, 4, 14, Mark iv. 26, 27. So Messiah's kingdom, Luke xvii. 20. Ps. cxxvii. 3, "Children . . . heritage of the Lord"-built up (banim from banah, Gen. ii. 22): Ps. cxxxix. 15, 16, Job x. II. A state of prosperity, 1 Kings iv. 20, 25. The antitype, Micah iv. 4, Zech. i. 16, 17, ii. 4, iii. 10, viii. 3, 5, ix. 10, xii. 6. Ps. xlv. Solomon's marriage the starting-point: Messiah and the Church (Israel and the Gentiles). Admission of this epithalamium into the canon implies its spirituality. "Thy throne, O God" (Messiah): ver. 6, Heb. i. 7-9, Ps. cx. 1. David the warrior, and Solomon, prince of peace, supply the typical features : xlv. 3-5, “Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh," with 1 Sam. xxv. 13. Shoshannim, the lily-like 'virgins,' "the king's daughters," etc., ver. 9-14: Song Sol. ii. 1, 2 contrast to 'thorns' the wicked, 2 Sam. xxiii. 6. The spiritual view clears the moral difficulty of the plurality of wives: Israel the queen-bride, the Gentiles consorted with her: Isa. xlvii. I, liv. 1, Ps. ii. 8, lxxii. 8, Isa. ii. 2-4, lxi. 6, xi. 10, Jer. iii. 17, Micah v. 7. So Song Sol. vi. 8, 9, "Threescore

queens--virgins-my dove is but one." The Church's union with God in Christ, 'marriage': Isa. liv. 5, lxii. 4, 5, Jer. iii. 1, etc. "Song of loves," Fedidoth, objects of Messiah's love with Jedidiah, 2 Sam. xii. 24, 25, Deut. xxxiii. 12. Ps. xlv. 9, 14, "Thou lovest righteousness-therefore thy Godanointed thee with the oil of gladness," at the espousals: Song Sol. iii. 11. The 'queen' Seegal, not Malkah: "in gold of Ophir," I Chr. xxix. 4, for the Temple, 1 Kings ix. 28. King's daughter and king's bride 'brought': Ps. xlv. 13-15, 1 Kings iii. 1, ix. 24. "Thy children . . . princes": David's sons, 2 Sam. viii. 18: superiority of antitype "in all the earth," Isa. xlix. 20, 21. Israel must 'forget' her ceremonialism, that the king may "desire her beauty." Catholicity, unity, visibility, to be when Israel's King shall appear; Jerusalem the centre Pages 172-180

LECTURE XXII.

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Moses, first of psalmists, as of the prophets : Deut. xxxii., xxxiii. 1, with title Ps. xc. "The man of God." Tone grave, sad. Time, close of the forty years in the desert. Israel's 'prayer,' ' return' to favour, 'repent': with Ex. xxxii. 12. Meditation prepares for prayer: Deut. xxxii. 36. Answer to Israel's prayer, "Make us glad according to the days wherein Thou hast afflicted us." Conquest of Canaan. Ps. xc. I, 66 Thou our dwelling-place," (Maʼon): also in xci., Deut. xxxiii. 27. Ps. xc. 2 with Gen. i., ii. 4, “the generations of the heaven and earth": the habitable' world,' answering to "the dry land." "The mountains" to Deut. xxxiii. 15. Ps. xc. 3, "Return, ye. men" to dust, with Gen. iii, 19. Ps. xc. 4, " A thousand years. ... as yesterday," with Gen. v. Ps. xc. IO, "Our years-threescore and ten-fourscore": so the Israelites' forty in the wilderness, added to thirty or forty in leaving Egypt (Chaldee Targum): Moses exceptionally strong-120. Ps. xc. 5, 7, 8, ' flood,' with Gen. vi.-ix.: "consumed by Thine anger," with Gen. ii. 17. Ps. xc. 12," So . . . number our days, that we may make to come to us a wise heart," with Deut. xxxii. 28, 29. Ps. xc. 15, "The days—years" (Shenoth-yemoth), with Deut. xxxii. 7. Ps. xc. 16, “Let Thy work appear . . . unto their children,” with Num. xiv. 22-35. "Let the pleasantness of the Lord be upon us blish Thou the work of our hands," with Gen. xlix. 15, Deut. xiv. 29, xxxii. 6. Ps. xc. 14, "Satisfy us early,"-in the morning. Ps. xci. by Moses: our Lord quotes against Satan Moses' words; so Satan against our Lord. Refers to Israel, type of Messiah. First and second persons. Most High ('Eljon) : with Gen. xiv. 18, 19, 21, 22, Deut. xxxii. 8, II. Ps. xci. 1, 4: Satan the fowler, God the mother-bird: "He shall cover thee with his feathers," with Ex. xii. 13. The eagle the hen: Matt. xxiii. 37. Ps. xci. 4-7, : "A thousand shall fall at thy side, but it shall not come nigh thee," with Ex. viii. 22, ix. 4, 26, x. 22, 23, xi. 7. Israel was "not afraid of the terror by night" (Ps. xci. 5) which smote Egypt, "nor for the destruction (queteb) at noonday," with Deut. xxxii. 24. "Thou shalt see the reward of the wicked," with Ex. xiv. 13, 30, 31, Isa. lxvi. 24. Ps. xci. 9 with xc. I, 'dwellingplace' (Ma'on). Ps. xci. 10, "Thy tent": Jehovah's tabernacle in the midst : Ex. xii. 23-30. Ps. xci. 11, 12, "He shall give His angels charge to keep thee in all thy ways, they shall bear thee up," with Ex. xxiii. 20, Deut. i. 31. Messiah was kept in all His ways, which were all right: Matt. iv. 11,

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"Tempting the Lord ": Ex. xvii. 7, Deut. vi. 16. Ps. xci. 13, “Tread—adder -dragon," with Deut. viii. 15. Ps. xci. 14 with Deut. x. 15 Pages 181-190

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LECTURE XXIII.

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Jehoshaphat's deliverance from Ammon, Moab, Edom, etc. Ps. lxxxiii., earliest of the series; xlvii., after the victory; xlviii., at the Temple thanksgiving. lxxxiii., thanksgiving by anticipation: Shir, with 2 Chr. xx. 19-22 by Kohathites and Korhites. Asaph the author according to the Psalm title. A descendant of Asaph, Jahaziel, under the Spirit, 2 Chr. xx. 14. Ten peoples in the Psalm the three in 2 Chr. xx. originated the plot: Ps. lxxxiii. 8, 'holpen': 2 Chr. xx. 1, “With them other beside (remote from) the Ammonites," ver. 2, from the deserts of Arabia: Keil, "the Mehunim or Maonites (2 Chr. xxvi. 7). The invaders' object to root out Israel from the inheritance : xx. II, with Ps. lxxxiii. 3-5, 12. The booty, 2 Chr. xx. 25. Craft and secrecy, Ps. lxxxiii. 3: route, 2 Chr. xx. 2. Amalek, ver. 7; before the time of Hezekiah, I Chr. iv. 41-43; Assyria (Ps. lxxxiii. 8) ally of the children of Lot: before 2 Kings xv. 19. The hostility was to God: Ps. lxxxiii. 5, 2 Chr. xx. 11, 12, Ex. xvii. 16. "Do unto them as . . . Midianites," Ps. lxxxiii. 9. Mutual slaughter Judg. vii. 22, with 2 Chr. xx. 22, 23. Sisera's overthrow connected with Endor: Ps. lxxxiii. 10: Judg. v. 19, Taanach and Megiddo : Josh.. xvii. II reconciles. Ps. lxxxiii. 18, "That men may know that Thou . . art the Most High over all the earth," with 2 Chr. xx. 6. Type of Antichrist's ten confederates: Rev. xvi. 14, xvii. 3, 12, 14. "Lifting up the head" (Ps. lxxxiii. 2, 4), to "cut off" Israel: 2 Thes. ii. 4, Dan. vii. 7, 8, Rev. xiii. I against Messiah. His end, Dan. xi. 45. Ps. lxxxii. : Jahaziel or some of the sons of Asaph encouraged Jehoshaphat in his judicial reformation. Ver. 1, "The congregation of God"—"judgeth-gods," i.e., judges. Ver. 2, "How long will ye judge unjustly and accept persons?" with 2 Chr. xix. 5-7. Their responsibility: John x. 34, 35, "unto whom the word of God came " : Ex. xxii. 28 (marg.). "They know not " wilfully for Jehoshaphat had sent out teachers, 2 Chr. xvii. 7-9. They shall "die like men," 2 Thes. ii. Ps. xlvii. two parts divided by Selah,' the victory, and God's kingdom on earth; seven in ten. "He shall choose our inheritance for us," ver. 4, with 2 Chr. xx. II. Title assigns Ps. xlvii. to "the sons of Korah": with 2 Chr. xx. 19. Ps. xlvii. 5, "God is gone up with... trumpet," with 2 Chr. xx. 26, 28. Ps. xlvii. 3, 8, 9, effect of the victory on the heathen, with 2 Chr. xx. 29. So in Messiah's coming reign on earth: Acts i. 11, Jer. iii. 17, Dan. vii. 13, 14, 22-27, Ps. ii. 6, Gen. xlix. 10. Ps. xlvii. sung in Berachah valley: xlviii. in the sanctuary: ver. 9, "We have thought of Thy loving-kindness in Thy temple": 2 Chr. xx. 27. Ps. xlviii. 4, Lo, the kings-assembled-passed by," vanishing as quickly as they came: ver. 5, "They saw it" (viz., Jerusalem), "and hasted away": Tekoa within three hours of the city : 2 Chr. xx. 16, 20. Ps. xlviii. 7, "Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish," with 1 Kings xxii. 48, 49, 2 Chr. xx. 36, 37, I Cor. xv. 33. "Mount Zion on the sides of the north," Ps. xlviii. 2. 'Song of joy" (Shir) concerning "the joy of the whole earth," Zion: ver. 2. "The daughters of Judah "-i.e., its other cities besides Jerusalem-ver. 11, with 2 Chr. xx. 4. "As we have heard, so have

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we seen... according to Thy name, so is Thy praise" (ver. 8, 10), with 2 Chr. xx. 7: 14-17 as Ex. xiv. 13 Pages 191-202

LECTURE XXIV.

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Ps. xlvi. 9, 'He maketh wars to cease . . . He burneth the chariot" : sudden destruction of Sennacherib's host: 2 Kings xix. 18, 23, Isa. xiv. 7. "Though the earth be removed," ver. 2, with Isa. x. 13, 14. Though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea. . . the mountains shake" (i.e. high empires), with Isa. xxxvii. 24, "By my chariots am I come up to the mountainsLebanon" (i.e. Zion). But "she shall not be moved," as "the kingdoms were," ver. 5, 6. "The river (of grace) makes glad the city": contrast to "the sea": ver. 2, 4. The mother-city alone not taken: Isa. xxxvi. I. Hezekiah supplied streams of water to prevent drought: 2 Chr. xxxii. 11, 2 Kings xx. 20. “God shall help her at... the morning," with Isa. xxxvii. 36, xvii. 14. "The Lord of hosts is with us" (Immanu), with Isa. vii. 14, (Immanuel): 2 Chr. xxxii. 7, 8. "Know that I am God, I will be exalted among the heathen... in the earth," with Hezekiah's prayer, 2 Kings xix. 19. Earnest of Antichrist's overthrow: Isa. lxvi. 24, xxxvii. 36, ii. 4; Rev. xvi. 14, xix. 19, 20, xx. 10. Ps. lxvi. lxxv., lxxvi., a pair. Altaschith, a thanksgiving (2 Chr. xx. 19-22) prayer, lxxv. (ver. 9), lxxvi., a thanksgiving after victory. Triumphant tone a world-wide danger from "all the wicked of the earth," ver. 9. lxxv., "When I shall get the set time, I will judge uprightly,” ver. 2, 3: cii. 13 with Isa. xxxvii. 21-35. Ps. lxxv. 4, 5, “I said unto the insolent . . . Lift not up your horn"; "Against whom hast thou lifted up thine eyes on high?"... "I bear up the pillars," ver. 3: "I have brought it to pass.' True source of "lifting up" (promotion): "neither from the east, west, south" (north omitted--the quarter whence Sennacherib came), ver. 6-8: Isa. xxxvi. 4-6. Wine-cup of wrath: Rev. xiv. 10, xvi. 19, xi. 17; Dan. vii. 23-29. "In Salem brake He the lightnings of the bow —the shield,” Ps. lxxvi. 2, 3: Nah. iii. 3 with Isa. xxxvii. "The battle": the war ended: Ps. xlvi. 9 with 2 Kings xix. 32. By the judgment of God, Ps lxxvi. 3, 6, 8. "Mountains of prey," ver. 4, with Nah. ii. II, iii. I. "Stout-hearted slept their sleep," ver. 5, with 2 Kings xix. 23, 35. "At Thy rebuke... chariot and horse . . . dead sleep,” ver. 6. Sennacherib's rebuke, 2 Kings xix. 3, 16: "God arose to save all the meek," ver. 9, with 2 Kings xix. 4. "Remainder of wrath God sustained ": 2 Kings xix. 37. "Let all round about bring presents," ver. II, with 2 Chr. xxxii. 22, 23. "He shall cut off the breath of princes," Ps. lxxvi. 12, with 2 Kings xix. So Antichrist: Ezek. xxxix. 1-7, Zech. xii. 2-5. Ps. lxxxvii. 4, Babylon, Rahab (i.e. Egypt), with Isa. xxx. 7, li. 9. A Korahite Jehovah Psalm. Abrupt beginning. God's foundation of Zion, ver. 2: Zion untaken; "all the dwellings of Jacob" taken : 2 Kings xviii. 13. "I will mention . . . Rahab and Babylon as peoples that know me... this man was born there," ver. 4-6. Spiritual birth of the nations following Zion's glory, typified in their presents to Hezekiah after Sennacherib's overthrow: 2 Chr. xxxii. 23, Ps. xxii. 30, Gen. xxii. 17, 18. Babylon's union with Zion, ver. 4, accords with 2 Kings xx. 12: 'Ethiopia' with 2 Kings xix. 9: 'Tyre' with Isa. xxiii.: 'Philistia' with Isa. xx. 1, xlv. "All my springs are in thee" (Zion), ver. 7, with Ps. xlvi. 4, Ezek. xlvii.

14.