bishop of Senlis, who was the lady's uncle, directed her to remove her valuables, and promised to send some one to protect her; but in the meanwhile he was informed that his brother, M. Charles Chevalier, lord of Eprunes, had fallen a victim, and he forgot his niece. Indeed, he was arrested himself; but on making the sign of the cross he escaped. After waiting for about half an hour, and seeing that the tumult was increasing, our heroine sent her daughter in the arms of a female servant to the house of a relative, and shortly afterwards she proceeded there herself. "Where is the cursed Huguenot ?" shouted the foremost of a band of the servants of the duke of Guise to the landlord of the lodgings which she had just quitted. "Yes," yelled another, "to-day we are weeding out the heretics; so be quick, for we have much to do!" After a fruitless search, they sent to the house of the lady's mother, offering to preserve both the life and property of her daughter for a hundred crowns -an offer which was, however, declined. The lodgings were pillaged. In her place of concealment this heroic woman remained till Tuesday, with more than forty others, their protector sending for provisions to another part of the town, and her husband, M. de Pereure, remaining at the door of the house to say a passing word to the chief actors in the massacre who passed that way.

A glorious festival this, M. de Pereure," said a lord of the court, as he went by with a band of infuriated followers; "how is it that you are not helping to celebrate it ? " "Such zealous catholics as yourself, my lord, render my feeble service unnecessary." But M. de Pereure was suspected, and his house was ordered to be searched. This order dispersed the concealed Huguenots; our heroine was then placed in an empty loft with a female attendant. "Mercy! for the love of God, mercy!" shrieked a tender maiden from an adjoining street; and mingled with this piercing cry arose the confused voices of men, women, and children, and the brutal shoutings of their murderers. How harrowing were the feelings of that concealed mother, who was now separated from her child, and was trembling lest she should fall into the hands of those ruthless ruffians who were deluging the streets with blood!

It soon became necessary to seek another asylum, and our heroine went to the house of a blacksmith who had married a maid-servant of her mother's, in the hope that if the wife pitied, the husband would not molest her. Here she spent a night. Come, madame, give up your cursed notions, and go to mass without any more ado," said the blacksmith. "But I cannot-I dare not." "Oh, but a walk in the streets will convert you, madame, in quick time." "No; I have seen some of the dreadful sights, and I am unaltered; I must either escape or die, for I cannot recant." "What a stupid, pig-headed set of curs these Huguenots are!" observed the man to his wife, as he turned over several articles from a pile of booty plundered from the houses of the sufferers, which was lying on the floor.

On the following day she was conducted to the house of M. Tambonneau, and concealed in his study. "Alas! madame," said he, the day after her arrival, "a search is ordered, and you are not safe here." Accordingly, at midnight she removed

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Here she stayed

to the house of a corn-merchant. five days. In this place of concealment a new trial befel her, a cousin being employed to prevail upon her to go to mass. 'But, Charlotte, your brothers have gone," said she; "and surely their example and your mother's advice should outweigh your own opinion." "I know, Marie, that it is my duty to comply with my mother's wishes whenever I can; but in this case I cannot; my mind is made up, and, by the grace of God, I will never go to mass." But, Charlotte, consider; your child requires your care, and for its sake you might give way in this trifling matter." 'Marie, do not tear my heart by speaking about my child. It is no trifling matter; heaven and hell are not trifles; and I cannot comply." Thus ended their conversation on this subject. In this retreat, too, she encountered a new danger; for beneath her was an apartment occupied by a Roman Catholic lady, so that she dared not to walk about for fear of being heard, nor could she light a candle. Her food was brought in small quantities concealed under an apron. Her mother sent to inform her that she should be compelled to return her daughter to her. Then, with her in my arms, we will perish together!" was the heroic reply.

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From this place of concealment she procured a passage in a boat that was going to Sens. In it she had as fellow-passengers two monks, a priest, two merchants, and their wives. At Tournelles their passports were demanded, and she had none. "She is a Huguenot, and must be drowned!". "Come out of the boat!"-were the sounds which greeted her ears. "Take me to the house of M. de Voysenon-he will answer for me,” she replied; and accordingly two soldiers were despatched with her to the house of the person she had named. Fortunately, they remained below whilst she went up-stairs. Ah, madame," exclaimed M. de Voysenon, "have you come to take refuge under my roof? "Hasten down, monsieur, I beseech you, and may God enable you to deliver me from the soldiers below, who suspect me of being a Huguenot." M. de Voysenon descended. "I assure you," said he to the soldiers," that I have often seen this lady at the house of Madame d'Eprunes, a good catholic." "That may be, monsieur, but it is the lady herself, and not Madame d'Eprunes, that we are inquiring about." A respectable woman who was passing, learning what was going forward, inquired what they wished to do with the lady. "By heaven!" they replied, "this is a Huguenot, and must be drowned; for we see how terrified she is." "You know me," quickly answered the female; "I am no Huguenot; I go every day to mass; but I am so frightened, that for these eight days past I have been in a fever." "And I, yea, all of us, have been no little agitated," replied one of the soldiers, with an oath. They took her back to the boat, observing, 'Had you been a man, you would not have escaped so easily." At the time of this arrest the lodging which she had quitted was ransacked, so that her escape was most providentially timed. When they arrived at their place of sleeping, the monks and the merchants chuckled over the massacre of the protestants. “What a happy riddance!" observed one of the monks; "the heretic Huguenots have received their death-blow at last."

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"Yes," replies one of the merchants; "we shall have but little trouble from them for the future, I hope." "Hope! there can be no doubt that the cursed heresy will be exterminated," said the monk. "By St. Denis, this lady's voice smacks like that of a Huguenot," observed another.

On quitting the river, she lodged in disguise in a country village, where she narrowly escaped the soldiers, who hunted their victims like bloodhounds. She then went to the estate of her grandmother, and from thence to the house of her eldest brother, who had consented to go to mass. His conscience, however, was ill at ease, and his sister's arrival increased his anxiety; she resolved, however, to relieve him of her presence as soon as possible. Seantily provided with money and clothing, she proceeded to Sedan, which she reached on the first of November. Here, at last, she found numerous friends, who received her with kindness, and supplied her with every comfort.

The substance of this narrative is strictly true; some of the conversations are taken from the account of the lady herself, while others are the substance of that account, merely put into the form of a dialogue. The heroine of the story was Madame de Fouquères, who subsequently became the wife of Philip de Mornay, lord of Plessis Marly, a distinguished Huguenot, who himself happily escaped to England on this occasion. He was a statesman, an author, and a soldier, and he took a prominent part in the council chamber and the camp of Henry IV of France. In 1605, he proposed the formation of a general synod of all the reformed churches of Europe, having been employed in a similar union in 1583. An embassy was sent to James I to gain his adherence to this project; but the machinations of the Jesuits prejudiced him against it.

Let us learn from the record of this lady's sufferings, to be grateful that we are not under the iron grasp of papal despotism, and to detest the spirit of persecution. In our favoured land, the sword and the faggot can no longer be employed, but the tongue and the pen are still often made use of to injure those who dare to serve God according to the dictates of their own conscience. May we never be numbered amongst those who act thus, for all such are essentially persecutors.

THE LATE CENSUS.

1.-NUMBER OF THE PEOPLE.

THE inquiries undertaken at the census of 1851 were of a much more extensive character than those pursued in the course of any previous enumeration. In addition to the number of persons, distinguishing sexes, ages, birth-places, houses, families, and occupations, it was determined to ascertain the various relationships of the population, such as husband, wife, son, or daughter; the civil condition, as married, unmarried, widower, or widow; and the number of individuals blind, or deaf and dumb, of scholars under instruction, and of the several religious communities throughout the country. Most of these particulars yet remain to be published, the three bulky volumes recently issued chiefly relating to persons, sexes, and houses. We will briefly

describe the measures adopted to execute the vast scheme.

England and Wales were divided into 30,610 enumeration districts, Scotland into 7873, and the islands in the British seas into 257, to each of which an enumerator was appointed, who was required to complete his work in one day, making a grand total of 38,740 districts and persons employed in obtaining the returns. In the week preceding the appointed day, the enumerators had to deliver to every occupier of a house or tenement a householder's schedule, or printed form on which the information sought was to be entered. For the use of the poorer native population of Wales, a certain number of these forms was printed in the language of that country. Nearly seven millions of schedules were thus distributed, the weight of which was about forty tons, but the total weight of all the documents despatched from the census office exceeded fifty-two tons. Each form was to be filled up with the required particulars concerning every person who abode in the house or apartment on the night of March 30, 1851. No person present on that night was to be omitted, and none absent included. But an exception was allowed in the case of miners, potters, and other workpeople usually engaged at their labour during the night, who were to be returned as if at home; and of persons travelling by railway or otherwise, who were to be enumerated at the hotels or houses at which they might stop the following morning.

Every house was visited by the enumerators, March 31st, for the purpose of collecting the schedules delivered, which they had to see were properly filled up, and in the case of parties unable to write, to fill up themselves from information supplied to them. This done, each had to copy the particulars of the schedules into a book with which he was provided, to make totals at the foot of each page, prepare a summary of the totals, and form an estimate of the number of persons in his district who might not be the inmates of dwelling-houses on the night in question. These would include parties in barges, boats, or other small vessels, remaining stationary on canals or other navigable waters; in barns, sheds, or the like; and in tents, or in the open air; but people in coasting or other sea-going vessels, and travellers, were not to be included, as these were dealt with in another man

ner.

Public institutions and police stations were subject to a separate instrumentality. The means described were adapted to secure a complete and perfect enumeration of all persons resident upon the land, whether in houses or not. There still remained to be reckoned those who were on board vessels in harbours, and at sea in ships, with the army. These returns were obtained through the medium of the naval and military authorities, the officers of the customs, and the registrar of mer chant seamen. By the end of May, upwards of 38,000 enumeration books, and 4,300,000 householders' schedules, were received at the census office. In the revision of the books, one million two hun dred and fifty thousand pages had to be examined, containing more than twenty millions of distinct entries.

The season of the year when the census is taken has an obvious bearing upon its accuracy. In the summer, the hay, corn, and hop harvest, lead many

of the labouring and vagrant classes to wander about, and sleep in fields, in barns and sheds, or under trees and tents. The Irish also cross the sea in great numbers; and business, fairs, festivals, watering-places, railways, and great works of every kind, contribute to displace the people more than at any other period. On the other hand, in the winter half of the year persons are the most at home; and upon the whole, no better time can perhaps be selected than the last day of March, to avoid the interference of disturbing causes. It will be recollected that the year of the last census was also that of the Great Exhibition, which attracted persons to our metropolis from all nations, and produced a greater movement of the resident population than has ever before been witnessed. In 1845, it has been estimated that a million and a half of the people of the continent visited in pilgrimage the holy coat at Trêves; but it is considered that not less than six millions of visits were paid to the Industrial Exhibition, and that two millions of people entered its glassy walls. In March, however, when the census was taken, there was no unusual number of foreigners in England to influence the result. The number of aliens who landed in the first three months of the year, merely exceeded by about four hundred the number reported for the corresponding months of the year preceding.

The multitudinous population variously occupied and distributed on the hills and in the valleys; on the coasts, the rivers, and the sea; in cities, towns, villages, and solitary houses over all the face of the cultivated land, amounted to 16,921,888 in England, 1,005,721 in Wales, 2,888,742 in Scotland, 143,126 in the adjacent islands, and 162,490 who were at sea, or serving abroad in the army, the total being 21,121,967. This aggregate includes a certain number of exiles and foreign subjects temporarily in the country. But it does not include British subjects residing or travelling abroad, on business, pleasure, or for scientific purposes, some to return, others never to re-visit their native shores. Returns procured from the foreign office show that of this class there were 20,357 in France, 3828 in Belgium, 2783 in Russia, 1414 in the Two Sicilies, 1069 in the Sardinian States, 1068 in Greece, 755 in Mexico, 649 in China, 624 in Turkey in Asia, 611 in Turkey in Europe, 321 in Saxony, 155 at Alexandria, 85 at Cairo, 33 in Persia, and 23 in Tripoli, giving a total of 33,775, besides a considerable number not accounted for in other states. This excluded class will exceed the included temporary alien residents, so that the above aggregate of the population may be considered a minimum representation of it.

A just conception of immense numbers is difficult, for such large masses are never surveyed by the eye at one time. But if we suppose a file of ten persons to form a line of ten yards, 100,000 persons will form one of rather more than fifty-six miles, 1,000,000 will carry it on to five hundred and sixty-three miles, and the gross population extend it to upwards of twelve thousand miles, a line approximating to half the equatorial circumference of our planet.

Or if we group the number without overcrowding, and allow a square yard to each individual for standing ground, an area of seven square miles

would be required to accommodate our entire community.

On the 7th of October, in the year of the census, there entered the Great Exhibition upwards of 100,000 persons, a number greater than were ever collected at one time in a single building, over most of whom the eye might glance at once from a favourable position in the galleries. Now our population includes 211 hundred thousands; and some idea of the mass may be formed by multiplying the spectacle on that day at the Crystal Palace 211 times. Dividing the population into component parts, and supposing them to pass through the building at the rate of a hundred thousand per day, then the English, as they include 169 hundred thousands, would require 169 days to go through, or nearly half a year; the Welsh, numbering 10 hundred thousands, would pass in 10 days; the Scotch, 29 hundred thousands, in 29 days; the adjacent islanders in 1 day; and the soldiers and seamen abroad in less than two days. It may be needful to remark, that the preceding enumeration does not include the return for Ireland, or 6,553,178, and adding it, the gross population of the United Kingdom at the last census amounted to 27,675,145. That of the empire may be approximately stated as follows:India, 100,000,000; Ceylon, 1,500,000; British North America, 1,750,000; the Cape Colony, 200,000; British West Indies, 1,000,000; Australia, excluding natives and Tasmania, 500,000; New Zealand, including natives, 150,000; and 100,000 may be added for minor dependencies. This aggregate, with that of the United Kingdom, makes a grand total of more than 132,500,000 persons under the sway of Queen Victoria.

before his mind was influenced by religion:-"I sce RICHARD CECIL made the following observation, two unquestionable facts. 1. My mother is greatly afflicted in circumstances, body and mind, and yet she cheerfully bears up under all, from the support she derives by constantly retiring to her closet, and to her Bible. 2. My mother has a secret spring of comfort, of which I know nothing; while I, who give an unbounded loose to my appetites, and seek pleasure by every means, seldom or never find it. If, however, there is any such secret in religion, why may I not attain it as well as my mother? I will immediately seek it from God."

become so dim as to be unable to read, hearing this John Newton, in his old age, when his sight had scripture repeated, "By the grace of God I am what I am," paused for some moments, and then uttered this affecting soliloquy: "I am not what I ought to be. Ah! how imperfect and deficient! I am not what I wish to be. I abhor that which is evil, and I would cleave to that which is good. I am not what I hope to be. Soon, soon I shall put off mortality, and with mortality all sin and imperfection. Though I am not what I ought to be, what I wish to be, and what I hope to be, yet I can truly say I am not what I once was, a slave to sin and Satan; I can heartily join with the apostle, and acknowledge, 'By the grace of God I am what I am."

A preacher once said: "If you know anything that will make a brother's heart glad, run quick and tell it! but if it is something that will only cause a sigh, bottle it up, bottle it up."

HOW TO ASCERTAIN THE DISTANCE OF A THUNDERSTORM.-Place the finger on the pulse, and the moment the flash of lightning is seen, commence counting the beats. If you feel six pulsations before you hear the thunder, the storm is one mile away; if twelve pulsations, it is two miles, and so on.

TWO FULL MOONS IN ONE MONTH.-There was a full moon on the first of July, and another on the thirty-first, in the year 1852. This circumstance, of two full moons in one month, had not occurred since 1776.

✦ When will five Sundays again occur in the month of February ?-In 1880, 27 years hence; because once every 28 years the same days of the week fall on the same days of the month. This period is called a solar cycle.

Why does coke burn without smoke?-Because it is the distilled coal remaining in the retorts after being freed from all gases and vapours. Dr. Arnott observes, that a pound of coke produces nearly as much heat as a pound of coal;" but we must remember that a pound of coal gives only three-quarters of a pound of coke, although the latter is more bulky than the former.

Why is a man jumping from a carriage moving with great speed in danger of falling after his feet reach the ground?-Because his body has as much forward velocity as if he had been running with the speed of the carriage, and, unless he advance his feet as in running, he must as certainly be dashed to the ground as a runner whose feet are suddenly arrested.

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RED CLOUDS.-Why are the clouds tinged with red at sunset?-Because the red rays of sunlight are bent the least by the atmosphere, or, as philosophers say, are less refrangible" than the other colours; hence this colour remains longest above the horizon, and is the last that rests upon the clouds.

Why does the sun appear red when seen through a foggy or smoky atmosphere?-Because red rays have a greater momentum than any other rays; and this epables them to penetrate the dense atmosphere more readily than either blue or yellow rays, which the fog or smoke easily

absorbs or reflects.

Why does the sting of an insect leave pain ?-Because the sting is hollow, and conveys from a bag or sack, with which it communicates, a poisonous fluid that irritates the wound.

From what is the word electricity derived?-From a Greek word signifying amber, because it was in the friction of this substance that it was first discovered.

NEW THEORY OF THE TIDES.-If we substitute "pressure" of the moon for "attraction," we shall be able easily to point it out as the cause of high and low water. It seems natural that, like a ship on the sea or a boat on a canal, the passage of the moon over the ocean of ether should produce a pressure below and a corresponding expansion at the sides; this pressure upon the ether acts upon the air as the pressure of the air acts upon the water, and the nearer the moon the stronger the pressure, and the further away the less it will be, like the pressure of a ship according to the width of the channel, and the distance from, or nearness of, the shore. We all know the corresponding effect of the wind, or of an agitated atmosphere, upon the water, in causing it to rise in waves.-The Builder.

ARTIFICIAL STONE.-Messrs. Julius Horing and Ludwig Suess, of New Jersey, have patented a process for the formation of artificial stone, in which they employ a compound of silex, alumina, and chloride of sodium. The mixture not only can be manufactured into blocks of artificial stone, but can be applied as a glaze to pottery wares. IMPROVED PENHOLDER.-A new penholder has just been invented, in which the pen is held by a small cylinder, which moves easily in a tube, the cylinder being kept in its position by a light coiled spring within the tube. This spring gives the pen a great deal of flexibility, and prevents the point from entering the paper when writing with rapidity.

TEMPERATURE OF SPRING WATER.-Why does spring water vary in temperature from the weather in summer and in winter?-Because the water supplying the spring comes from such a depth below the surface of the earth, that the heat of the sun (in consequence of the earth being a bad conductor) cannot penetrate far enough to affect it; neither can the cold of winter reach it: hence it continues to send forth its limpid waters at the same uniform tem perature during both summer and winter. In consequence of the warmth of the weather in summer the water appears winter the water seems warm; though the real temperature cool, and because of the coldness of the atmosphere in must remain the same at all seasons, unless the fountain from which the spring is supplied be near the surface of

the earth.

FIRE AND WATER.-The Menai Bridge, says Herschel, consists of a mass of iron, not less than four millions of pounds in weight, suspended at a medium height of about 120 feet above the sea. The consumption of seven bushels of coal would suffice to raise it to the place where it hangs.

CELLS IN THE LOAF.-When a loaf of bread is cut, we see a number of cells of various sizes-how do they come there? The yeast causes a vinous fermentation to take place in the dough, by which an air which is heavier than common air is formed, called carbonic acid gas; this, as the dough warms, expands and tries to escape; but the dough by its tenacity retains it, and thus these cells are formed.

CRACKING OF GLASSES.-Why will a glass sometimes break by pouring hot water into it? Solids convey heat from particle to particle, and some do this more slowly than others; glass conveys it very slowly, and the hot water in the glass to expand; but the outer one, not being so hot, will not follow it, and so snaps, being very brittle. Thin glasses will not break so readily, the inner and outer surfaces being almost simultaneously heated.

contact with the inner surface causes the inside surface of

FEAT IN CHEMISTRY.-During a lecture delivered by Professor Silliman, jun., in New York, he solidified carbonic acid gas. This was effected by bringing sulphuric acid in contact with carbonate of soda, in a strong iron vessel capable of resisting an expansive pressure of thirty-four atmospheres, or 510 pounds to the square inch! Prof. S. said that this experiment had been given up entirely in France, in consequence of the bursting of several iron vessels, by which several persons had been killed. But he stated that the iron vessel used on this occasion had never been known to burst. As the liquid (it being in a liquid state in the vessel) was drawn off, a large portion instantly evaporated, and by the evaporation reduced the remainder to the freezing point. In this way several pounds of solid carbonic acid were ob tained. It had the appearance of the whitest snow, and was so cold that by holding it only three seconds the hand would be frozen. He placed a portion of it around a long vessel containing mercury, and froze the mercury solid! The mercury was then taken out and hammered like lead.

GOOD NEWS FOR THE FARMERS.-At one of the late monthly councils of the Royal Agricultural Society, important statements were laid before the members relative to the discovery of immense and almost inexhaustible deposits of guano on islands and caves along the eastern factory kind were at the same time submitted. Among coast of Africa. Samples of a most superior and satisthese was a deposit containing 80 per cent. of phosphate of lime (without carbonate), and a crystallised substance con taining 91 per cent. of nitrate of soda, found in small lakes, in caverns, and in valleys, and surrounding these small lakes, as crystallised incrustations, to an almost incalculable amount. The discoverer declares that there is enough to supply Great Britain for twenty years.