voce 30 Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir. Booth.-29 These were the princes of the Horites; prince Lotan, &c. See also notes on verse 15. hodie uno ore plerique omnes profitentur came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke lationes aqua, quæ interpretamentum sapit etsi etymo vocis D non plane accommodatum. Nihilo secius coniicere audeo, forte legendum esse D, quomodo audit v. 22, frater patruelis Anæ, ut fatum aliquod indicetur, quod Hemam in deserto subiisset. Neque tamen hæc coniectura tantum habet ponderis, quantum lectio Dp, si thermas denotat. Ver. 29, 30. Israel. Ver. 31-43. 36 And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. 37 And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. 38 And Saul died, and Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. 39 And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, 29 אֵלֶּה אַלוּפִי הַחֹרִי אַלְוּף לוֹטָן -after their places, by their names; duke Tim אַלְוּף שׁוֹבָל אַלּוּף צִבְעוֹן אַלּוּף עֲנָה : 30 אַלְוּף דִּשֶׁן אַלּוּף אֵצֶר אַלְוּף דִּישָׁן ,Pinon אֵלֶה אַלּוּפֵי הַחֹרִי לְאַלְפִיהֶם בְּאֶרֶץ nah, duke Alvah [or, Aliah], duke Jetheth. 42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 29 οὗτοι δὲ ἡγεμόνες Χοῤῥί. ἡγεμὼν 43 Duke Magdiel, dake Iram: these be Λωτὰν, ἡγεμὼν Σωβάλ, ἡγεμὼν Σεβεγών, the dukes of Edom, according to their 30 ἡγεμὼν Δησών, ἡγεμὼν habitations in the land of their possession : he is Esau the father of the Edomites [Heb. Edom]. ἡγεμὼν ̓Ανὰ, Au. Ver.-29 These are the dukes that Bp. Patrick.-31 These are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom.] It appears accounted for in this passage:-1st, The by this, that after several dukes (as we translate it) had ruled the country, the Edomites changed their government into a monarchy. And here follows a catalogue of their kings. For I can find no ground for the opinion of the Hebrew doctors, that alluph, a duke, differed in nothing from melech, a king, but that the latter was crowned, and the former not crowned. For words, Before any king reigned over Israel, which seem to be of a later date than Moses. 2d, How Moses in his age could give the succession of fourteen phylarchs of the Idumæans, then of eight kings succeeding each other, then again (verses 40—43) of eleven phylarchs, who succeeded the kings in the government of the Idumæans. it appears scarcely credible that the short Before there reigned any king over the time which elapsed between Esau and children of Israel.] Moses having a little Moses, would have been sufficient for the before this (xxxv. 11) mentioned the promise reign of so many successive princes. Those of God to Jacob, that "kings should come who maintain that this passage was written out of his loins; " observes, it is a thing by Moses have given various solutions of remarkable, being a great exercise of their these difficulties, which are examined by C. faith, that Esau's posterity should have so B. Michaelis (“De Antiquiss. Idumæorum many kings: and there was as yet no king Histor.") He, after rejecting the least in Israel when he wrote this book, nor (as probable explanations of this passage, it is commonly interpreted) a long time observes, that the words, Before there reigned after. This Moses might well write without any king in the land of Israel, afford no a spirit of prophecy; nor is there any proof of their not having been written by reason to say, this passage was inserted by Moses; since not only Moses, but all the somebody else after the death of Moses. Israelites, might have expected that kings We might rather affirm, if it were needful, would hereafter reign among them, from that Moses's meaning is, "All these were Gen. xxxv. 11:—“ And God said unto him, kings in Edom, before his own time;" who I am God Almighty: be fruitful and mulwas the first king in Israel (Deut. xxxiii. 5). tiply: a nation and a company of nations For he truly exercised royal authority over shall be of thee, and kings shall come out them, as Mr. Selden observes, lib. ii. de of thy loins ;" and accordingly we find him Synedr. cap. 1, 2. foretelling that the Israelites should have a king, Deut. xxxviii. 36 :-" The Lord shall bring thee, and thy king which thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation which neither thou nor thy fathers have known; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone." He observes also, that the words 2? future or the present tense, priusquam regnaturus est, or, antequam regnat rex Israelitis, while as yet no king reigns over the children of Israel. Ken. In these thirteen verses are mentioned the kings which reigned in Edom before any king reigned over Israel: consequently, this record was written after there had been kings in Israel. Not being therefore written by Moses, these verses seem evidently taken from 1 Chron. i. 43—54:: may be translated either in the from whence, having been inserted in the margin of some very antient MS. here in Genesis, they were afterwards taken into the text. A fate like this (as will be soon seen), has attended some other marginal In answer to the second objection, that insertions, which now very improperly make the series of dukes and kings mentioned in parts of the text. See "Gen. Diss.," p. 9. this chapter are too long to have succeeded Spinoza has quoted these verses, as fur- each other in the short space of 238 years, nishing one clear proof, that the Pentateuch Michaelis observes, that we have no grounds was not written by Moses :-"Ex his luce for supposing that the form of government meridianâ clarius apparet, Pentateuchon non was thrice changed among the Idumæans, a Mose, sed ab alio, et qui a Mose multis and that all the dukes and kings succeeded post sæculis vixit, escriptum fuisse." See each other in the order in which they are "Tractat. Theolog. Polit.," p. 108; 4to., Hamb. 1670. So also Boothroyd, who omits these verses in his translation of the Bible. Rosen.-There are two difficulties to be mentioned in this chapter [see the various 41 אַלְוּף אָהָלִיבָמָה אַלְוּף אֵלָה אַלְוּף ,sengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom 42 אַלּוּף פִיכָן : Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travel that hath befallen us" [Heb. found us.] Exodus xvi. 15, Then the s 43 אַלְוּף מִבְצָר : אַלּוּף עִירָם אֵלֶה וּ אַלוּפִי אֱדוֹם dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty לְמִשְׁבֹתָם בְּאֶרֶץ אֲחִנָּתָם הוּא עֵשָׂו upon them ; all the inhabitants of Canaan אֲבִי אֶדְוֹם : men of Moab, trembling shall take hold shall melt away.] that in the time of Moses, the kings and phylarchs reigned at the same 40 ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἡγεμόνων Ησαῦ, time. And lastly that in reckoning the time ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς αὐτῶν, κατὰ τόπον αὐτῶν, ἐν during which the reigns of those dukes and ταῖς χώραις αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν αὐτῶν. princes lasted, we must recollect that their ἡγεμὼν Θαμνὰ, ἡγεμὼν Γωλὰ, ἡγεμὼν Ιεθέρ, kingdoms were not hereditary, but were ob-41 ἡγεμὼν Ολιβεμὰς, ἡγεμὼν Ηλὰς, ἡγεμὼν tained either by election or force, which vor, 42 ἡγεμὼν Κενέζ, ἡγεμὼν Θαιμάν, would have greatly shortened the average | ἡγεμὼν Μαζὰρ, 43 ἡγεμὼν Μαγεδιὴλ, ἡγεμὼν length of their duration. Au. Ver.32 And Belah the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. Ged.-For Belah [LXX., Balak] the son of Beor reigned the first in Edom, &c. Ζαφωίν. οὗτοι ἡγεμόνες Εδώμ, ἐν ταῖς κατῳκοδομημέναις ἐν τῇ γῇ τῆς κτήσεως αὐτῶν. οὗτος Ἡσαῦ πατὴρ Εδώμ. Au. Ver. 40 And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah [or, 39 ἀπέθανε δὲ Βαλλενὼν υἱὸς ̓Αχοβὼρ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ ̓ αὐτοῦ ̓Αράδ υἱὸς Βαράδ. καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει αὐτοῦ Φογώρ. ὄνομα δὲ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ Μετεβεὴλ, θυγάτηρ Ματραϊθ, υἱοῦ Μαιζοώβ. Au. Ver.-And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar [1 Chron. i. 50. Hadad Pai. After his death was an aristocracy. Exod. xv. 15; cir. 1406] reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. Pool.-Either Matred was the father, and Mezahab the mother; or Matred was the mother, and Mezahab the grandmother. 41 Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke 42 Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, 43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram; these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession : he is Esau the father of the Edomites. Pool. The names of the dukes, of their persons, and generations, and families. The state of Edom between the times of Esau and Moses seems to have been this; there were first dukes, then kings, and after them dukes again. But if it be objected, that the time was too short for a succession of so many persons, it may be replied, that what is confessed concerning the dukes preceding the kings, might be true also of these succeeding dukes, and that the Edomites either having taken some distaste at kingly Schum.-39] hæc verba per appositionem referenda sunt aut ad government, or differing about the choice of ideoque reddenda cum iis: filia Matredæ, a new king, divided themselves again into filiæ Mesahabi aut ad hoc modo: several petty principalities or dukedoms; and so several of those were dukes at the filia Madredi (patris) filia Mesahaba (matris) vel sicut v. 2, de Oholibama dicitur: filia same time in divers parts. Matredi, neptis Mesahabi. Illam translationem cum Vulg. secutus est Lutherus; princes the descendants of Esau, according istam Aben-Esra in Commentar. ad h. 1.; denominations: The prince of Timnah, the to their kinships, their places, and their hanc autem ob v. 2, nos sequamur. naba onbwa onbb 40 Ged.-40 And these are the names of the prince of Alvah, the prince of Jetheth, new of Elah, the prince of Pinon, וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת אַלוּפִי ,Teman, the prince of Mibzar תִּמְנָע אַלְוּף עַלְיָה אַלּוּף יְתֵת : 42 The prince of Kenaz, the prince of M Such was Esau. So also Schumann. He, with Geddes, takes the proper names in these verses to denote the regions of Idumæa in which the phylarchs settled. sunt phylarchi posterorum Eli 43 The prince of Magdiel, the prince of Iram. These were the princes of Edom, phasi, Reguelis, Oholibamæ. Quocirca according to their residences in the land of haud scio annon minus recte illa converterit their possession. Such was Esau the father Schott: hæc fuerunt nomina principum, qui of the Edomites. ex Esavo oriundi sunt; contra Ewald (Compos., p. 254): hi sunt phylarchi, quos Esavus tribubus suis præfecit. Cfr., v. 43. Postremo observemus oportet, nomina propria, quæ subsequantur, esse secundum v. 40 et 43, 40 Sequitur, ut de ultima parte genea- regionum Idumææ, in quibus phylarchi logiæ Esavidarum pauca dicamus, quæ effi- sederint, appellationes, quanquam non potest ciant, ut consilium genealogi, quod in omnium ratio geographica reddi. Nam adornanda tota illa secutus sit, accurate, quomodo v. 12, pellex Eliphasi nomiperspicias. Sunt enim, qui putent, vel hic natur, significat fortasse Amalecitas pariter alteram phylarchorum Edomitarum tabulam, a prima 15-19, aliquanto alieniorem, proponi (Vater ad h. 1.), vel posteros trium filiorum Esavi ex Oholibama susceptorum exponi (V. C. B. Michaelis in comment. 1, clamat genealogus, genealogia Edomitarum § 27. Rosenmuelleri Scholl. ad h. 1.) vel omni ex parte depicta. Quæ exclamatio ita genealogiam ex alio catalogo petitam an- respondet v. 1, ut sane nihil aptius ea nihilnexam esse (vid. Clericus) vel vv. 31-43, que iucundius excogitari possit, quod toti sive ab Esra sive ab alio hagiographo scrip- | capiti coronidem imponat.—Schum. tore aut ordine suo mutatos aut interpolatos esse. Vid. Rom. Telleri translationem ver atque Oholibama v. 41, dicitur pro: regio, -Sic postremo ex [הוּא עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם 43 CHAP. XXXVII. 2. אֵלֶּה תִּלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב יוֹסֵף בֶּן־שְׁבַע־ .3:33 .naculam Biblior. Anglic., vol. i. p עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה הָיָה רֹעֶה אֶת־אֶחָיו בַּשָּׂאן Sed hi omnes a vero aberrasse videntur. Ac primo quidem errarunt, quod v. 40, cum v. וְהוּא נַעַר אֶת־בְּנֵי בִלְהָה וְאֶת־בְּנִי | parum accurate contulerunt eaque inter ,15 זִלְפָּה לְשֵׁי אָבִיו וַיָּבֵא יוֹסֵף אֶת דִּבָּתָם -se confuderunt, quie iam titulo satis dig noscuntur. Namque hic dissertis verbis indicitur, nunc phylarchos Edomitarum secundum tribus, sedes et nomina eorum enumerari, sed v. 15, tantummodo indi 2 αὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις Ιακώβ. cabatur, quot fuerint Esavidarum phylarchi Ἰωσὴφ δὲ δέκα καὶ ἑπτὰ ἐτῶν ἦν, ποιμαίνων . Itaque credibile est, respici tempora Davidis, qui Edomitas in potestatem suam redegit iisque phylarchos præfecit. Vid. 2 Sam. viii. 14; 1 Reg. xi. 15, 16; 1 Chr. xviii. 12, 13. Rosenmuelleri Alterthumsk., vol. iii. p. 71, s. κατήνεγκαν] κατήνεγκεν vi. 72, 75, 106, 107, 134. Compl. Alex. in charact. minore. Itidem habent Aquila, Symmachus, et reliqui veteres interpretes. Itaque hæc lectio, si textum hebr. confers, præferenda est. Schum. Au. Ver.-2 These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and ning with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: hac autem sunt nomina phylarchorum and Joseph brought unto his father their sive tribuum Esavidarum. y h. 1. est nomen evil report. patronymicum ideoque reddendum: Esavi- Pool. These are the generations of Jacob. durum, posterorum Esavi, quomodo supra After these words Bishop Horsley inserts v. 16, v. 17, pv. 18, the following verses from chapter xxxv.— 22 Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: 23 The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's first-born, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: thought to have less emulation to him than the sons of Leah. But we see by this, how much our greatest prudence often fails: for Reuben and Judah, the children of Leah, 24 The sons of Rachel: Joseph, and had more kindness for Joseph than any of Benjamin: the rest. 25 And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan and Naphtali : 26 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram. He gives no reason for this transposition except that the verses seem to him to be out of their proper place. convertunt: pascens una cum fratribus greges. Pool. The generations, i.e., the events Sed contextui optime respondeat impropria or occurrences which happened to Jacob in verbi significatio: gubernavit, saluti his family and issue. So that word is used prospexit, inspexit (de qua cfr., Gen. xlviii. Gen. vi. 9; Numb. iii. 1. Or the word 15; 2 Sam. vii. 7; Mich. v. 4; Prov. x. these may relate to what is said Gen. xxxv. 21; Ps. xxiii. 1; lxxx. 2; græc. moμaivery 22, &c. The genealogy of Esau being Act. xx. 28; 1 Petr. v. 2, Toμéves daŵv brought in by way of parenthesis, and that Hom. Iliad, i. 263), ita ut Iosephus mores being finished, Moses returns to the genera- fratrum cum grege versantium inspexerit. tions of Jacob, as his principal business. Quam sententiam commendat primo hoc, and proceeds in the history of their concerns. quod auctor statim ab initio monstrare vult, See also note on Gen. vi. 9. qua de causa Iosephus fratribus in odium Ged.-1 But Jacob dwelt, &c., in the venerit, ideoque explicationis causa v. 2, ea land of Canaan. 2 Where the following events happened to him. Joseph, when but a lad of seventeen years old, fed the flocks with his brothers, the sons of Bilhah, and the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought to his father an evil report of them. Au. Ver.-Was feeding the flock with his brethren. addidit, quæ declarent, Iosephum, qui, etsi liberorum Bilhæ et Silphæ natu minimus et frater germanus fuisset, apud fratres in gregibus inspectoris munere functus malos eorum rumores ad patrem detulisset, patris quidem erga se amorem auxisse (v. 3) sed fratrum odium inflammasse (v. 4.) In his igitur reperitur prima nota inspectoris. Deinde quod dominium in fratres Iosepho in gregibus Schum.-Inspected (the ways of) his fuerit, idem in agris ipsi fuisse inter metenbrethren. See below. dum, primi somnii portentum declarat mani Au. Ver. The lad was with the sons of pulis manipulum Iosephi venerantibus. Bilhah, &c. Denique Iosepho v. 14, a patre denuo mandatur inspectoris munus in fratribus et gregibus administrandum. Bp. Patrick. These words vehu naar, signify he was very young, in the simplicity of his childish years; and come in by way detulitque malam eorum obtrectationem. of a parenthesis, in this manner. Joseph, hic active intelligendum est de obtrecbeing seventeen years old, was feeding the tatione, qua semet ipsos fratres insectati flock with his brethren (and he was but a sunt. Nihil enim rei naturæ convenientius youth, inexperienced, and therefore called est quam loqui de rixis inter fratres ortis, id a child, ver. 30), with the sons of Bilhah, quod sexcenties usu venit. Itaque sic &c. Which last words are an explication of mentem explanandam censeo : Iosephus, the former, showing with which of his fratres inter se valde obtrectare atque rixari, brethren he was. Not with the sons of ad patrem detulit. Plerique tamen passive Leah, but with the sons of Jacob's hand- illud explicant de infamia, quæ de iis sparsa maids particularly with Bilhah's, whom we sit, adeoque nonnulli in crimine, quod commay look upon as a mother to him now misissent, indagando operam collocarunt. Rachel was dead, having waited upon her. Cum LXX. sentiunt Aquila, Onkelos, SaAnd Zilpah's sons are also mentioned in the maritanus, Syrus, et Arabs uterque; itidem second place, as those, it is likely, who were Vulg. convertit: accusavitque fratres suos |