11

mate and final causes. 289. Power. 290. Nature and

classification of effects.

CHAPTER XXI.

OBSERVATION, ANALYSIS, AND GENERALIZATION OF FACTS. 200

291. Nature of facts. 292. Office of facts. 293. Reality of

facts pertaining to matter. 274. Reality of facts pertaining

to minds. 295. Theory of immediate Divine agency in

producing the phenomena of the material world. 296. Re-

ality of the world on this hypothesis. 297. Theory that

God is the direct author and subject of sensations and ideas.

298. Objection to this theory. 299. Hypothesis of a re-

fined material spirit preferable to Pantheism. 300. Obser-

vation of facts. 301. Analysis and discrimination of facts.

302. Experiments. 303. Room for a farther progress of

science. 304. Selection of facts. 305. Generalization of

facts. 306. Incorrect generalizations. Common errors in

respect to analysis. 307. Resolving perceptions into sen-

sations. 303. Resolving virtue into agreement with rela-

tions. 309. Consideration of facts with respect to their

causes. 310. Subjective and objective relations of facts

considered as ground of classification. 313. Nature of mo-

ral actions. 313. Manner of studying moral actions, and

demand for this study. 314. Misapplication of the method

of observation to this study.

CHAPTER XIII.

NATURE AND GENERALIZATION OF MORAL ACTIONS.

§ 315. Moral actions are a species of voluntary actions; their
specific nature, as good and evil. 316. Nature of good and
evil. 317. The element added to a good action to make it
morally good. 318. Epecurian system of virtue. 319. Stoic
system. 320. Doctrine that virtue is good independent of
its utility. 321. Origin of the Stoic system; and its his-
tory. 322. True system of virtue. 323. Proof from theo-
logy. Reality of this system, and its nature. 325. It is
built on facts. 326. Progress of Truth; her beauty, dig-
nity and power. 327. Standards of right and wrong.
Reasoning on moral subjects.

CHAPTER XXIV.

216

REASONING FROM EFFECTS TO CAUSES IN THE DISCOVERY AND

INVESTIGATION OF THE MATERIAL WORLD.
229

329. Inference of causes from effects. 330. Nature of matter.

331. Imponderable bodies. 332. Resolution of bodies into

atoms. 333. Nature of atoms. 334. The existence of atoms

in atomic spheres. 335. Their existence in the spheres of

gravitation. 336. Limitation of our knowledge of matter.

337. Ideas of matter general and progressive. 338. Gravi-

tating and non-gravitating atoms. 337. Subtle nature of

atoms.

CHAPTER XXV.

REASONING FROM EFFECTS TO CAUSES IN THE DISCOVERY AND

INVESTIGATION OF THE SPIRITUAL WORLD.

340. Our knowledge of bodies precedes that of minds.

Bodies do not account for sensations and ideas. Or-

ganization. 341. The mind considered as a subject of

deas. Its seat. 342. Its extension. Its diffusion as a

subject of sensations. 344. Physical powers of minds.

Involuntary corporeal actions. 345 Question respecting

their organic powers. 346. Mutual influences of the in-

tellectual and organic systems on each other. 347. Con-

clusion. Principles of vegetable life. 348. Question of the

origin of minds. 349. Theory of hereditary derivation.

360. Natural history of minds. 351. Immortality of human

minds. 352. Proof of immortality from Natural Theology.

353. Proof from the Scriptures. 354. Nature of immortal-

ity as revealed in the Scriptures. 355. Magnitude and

form of disembodied spirits. 356. Theory that spirits have

no definite relations to space. 357. Association of spirits.

358. Final condition of animal minds, and of the principles

of vegetable life.

CHAPTER XXVI.

REASONING FROM BODIES AND SPIRITS TO GOD.

359. Progression in reasoning from effects to causes.

360.

Subordination of material beings to spiritual, and other

marks of design in the material and spiritual worids. 361.

Inference of a designing organic Creator. 362. Determina-

tion of the unity of the creator. 353. Spirituality of the

creator. 364. Existence of God proved from successions

of dependent beings, on the supposition that they had a be-

ginning; and on the supposition that they are all eternal.

365. Proof that matter is created. 366. General evidence both

that matter and minds are created. 367. Unity and other

attributes of God. 368. The knowledge God considered in

its relation to science. 369. Reason finds no place to stop

till it finds God, and cannot go beyond him.

CHAPTER XXVII.

MORAL CHARACTER OF GOD.

370. Doctrine that glory is the supreme object of God's pursuit.

371. Question respecting God's regard for creature happi

237

252

ness. 372. Existence of natural evil. 373. Existence of

sin. 374. Relation of God to the sins of his creatures.

375. Punishment of sin. Its nature and ends. 376. Final

condition of the lost. Doctrine that God is love.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

PHILOSOPHY OF WAKEFULNESS AND SLEEP.

§ 377. Wakefulness and sleep. 378. Wakefulness. 379. Physi-

cal conditions attendant on sleep. 380. Nature and causes

of sleep. Lethargy. 381. Time requisite for sleep. 382.

Manner in which sleep oocurs. 383. Refreshment in sleep.

384. Unnecessary sleep. 385. Voluntary control of sleep

and wakefulness.

CHAPTER XXIX.

PHILOSOPHY OF DREAMS.

§ 385. Dreams. 387. Causes of dreams. 388. Conceptions and

judgments, how mistaken for perceptions. 389. Theory of

dreams. 390. Prophetic dreams.

CHAPTER XXX.

PHILOSOPHY OF SOMNAMBULISM.

391. Somnambulism. 392. Its more aggravated forms. 393.

Relation of somnambulism to insanity, and its leading

phenomena. 394. Mesmeric sleep. 395. Mode of its

production. 396. Peculiar element of somnambulism. 397.

Its resemblance to other paroxysmal desires. Clairvoyance.

CHAPTER XXXI.

PHILOSOPHY OF INSANITY.

398. Species of insanity, melancholy and hypocondriacism.

399. Monomania. 400. Mania. 401. Nature of insanity.

402. Cure. 403. Derangement of the affections, and

other phenomena of insanity. 406. Generalization of men-

tal derangement.

CHAPTER XXXII.

NATURE AND OFFICE OF REASON.

407. Faculty of reasoning. 408. Demand for reasoning.

409. Reason of animals; of men. 410. Common sense.

411. Reasoning on common affairs. 412. Improvement

of this faculty. 413. Conscience. 414. Discoveries and

Philosophical genius.

269

276

280

287

293

PART THIRD.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE EMOTIONS, AFFECTIONS AND WILL.

CHAPTER I.

ORIGIN, NATURE, AND OFFICE OF EMOTIONS.

415. Emotions. 417. Emotions compared with sensations.

418. Power of experiencing emotions. 421. Mode of ex-

ercising and improving the capacity of experiencing emo-

tions. 422. Effect of association. 423. Complex emo-

tions. 424. Illustration of the emotions. 425. Variety

and ends of the emotions.

CHAPTER II.

PRINCIPAL VARIETIES OF THE EMOTIONS.

427. Principal orders of emotions. 428. Emotions relating

to the beautiful. 429. Beauty of visible objects. 430.

Relation of beauty to love. 431. Emotions relating to

the sublime. 432. Mirth. 433. Emotions relating to

novelty. 434. Triteness. 435. Emotions relating to hap-

piness. 436. Emotions relating to intentional benefits

and injuries; regret.

CHAPTER III.

301

309

THE AFFECTIONS.

437. Basis of the affections. 438. Conditionality of affec-

tions. 439. Moral character. 440. Love and hatred. 441.

Pleasurable nature of love, and painful nature of hatred.

442 Nature of hatred. 443. Self-love. 444. Selfishness.

445. Domestic and social affections. 446. Love of God.

447. Capacity of the affections subject to modification.

448. Hope and fear. 449. Nature universality and ob-

jects of hope and fear.

CHAPTER IV.

PHILOSOPHY OF DESIRES.

450. Nature of desires. 451. Co-existence of desires. 452.

Relation of desires to ideas. 453. Desires of knowledge.

454. Desires of wealth. 455. Desires of esteem. 456.

Desires of power. 457. Desires of superiority. 458.

Desires of continued existence. 459. Desires of happi-

ness to others. 460. Desires of unhappiness to others.

461. Limitations of the desire of unhappiness to others.

315

328

CHAPTER V.

IS MISERY IN ANY CASE AN OBJECT OF DELIGHT?

462. Objects of pleasure and pain. 463. Punishment of
children. 464. Punishment of malefactors. 465. Re-
venge and retaliation. 467. Growth of revenge. 468.
Conclusion. 469. Practical consequences. 470. Doc-
trine of the Scriptures. 471. True nature of revenge.

CHAPTER VI.

NATURE AND EXERCISES OF THE WILL.

472. The will. 473. Choices. 474. Rational nature of
choices. 475. Effect of immoderate appetites and affec-
tions on choices. 476. Moral character of choices. 477.
Purposes. 478. Conditions of purposes. 479. Necessity
of correct judgments. 480. Office and moral character of
purposes. 481. Volitions. 482. Voluntary corporeal ac-
tion. 483. Voluntary mental exercises. 484. Relation
of volitions to desires.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL LAWS OF THE WILL.

$485. Influence of choices. 486. Mutual influence of the will
and other mental faculties. 487. Limitation of the capa-
city of willing. 488. Office of good and evil. 489. Dísa-
greement of the will with general judgments. Will of
animals. 490. Free actions. 491. Necessary actions.

CHAPTER VIII.

CONDITIONALITY OF THE WILL.

492. Dependence of the will on ideas of possible good or
evil. 493. Proof from experience. 494. The only possi-
ble incitements to choice. 495. Proof of the dependence
of choices. 496. Motives. 497. Supposed testimony of
consciousness; necessity. 498. Authorship of sin. 499.
Tyranny. 500. fatalism. 501. Conclusion. 502. Influ-
ence of the greatest perceived good. 503. Scripture evi-
dence. 504. Absurdity of the contrary hypothesis. 505.
Prevalence of the true faith. 506. Inconsistency of skep-
ticism. 507. Foreknowledge of actions. 508. Progress
of truth.

339

346

359

365