by him to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 19th October 1847. Sa. 2.-A yoni, 26" in diameter, and about 35" 50 in length. This object represents the female organ, and it is worshipped either alone, or in combination with the linga or phallus by some followers of the sāktis, the wives or female energies of the deities. This form of worship is generally known as Tantra worship, and for its due performance the five Mākāras, or five requisites are necessary, viz., Madya, wine; Mānsa, flesh; Matsya, fish; Mudrā, parched grain and mystic gesticulations; and Maithuna, sexual intercourse. There are two classes of the sāktās or worshippers of the säktīs, viz., the Dakshināchārīs and Vāmāchārīs, the right-handed and the left-handed. The latter sect is the most depraved of the two as promiscuous Maithuna is part of their system.1 This yoni was obtained, along with the foregoing linga by Lieut.-Colonel Ouseley, and at the same place. It was presented by him to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, on the 19th October 1847.2 Sa. 3.-A slab of sandstone, 35" x 19" x 6", the lowest portion consisting of an inscription not entire, the highest division, of a narrow triangular area marked off below by a transverse line, and containing the following symbols, viz., a human forearm in an erect position with the hand closed, to the right the sun, with the crescent moon below it, and to the left a tree, with an altar, yoni and linga at its side. These are the symbols found usually on stones commemorating a sätti, and below them there is represented, also in relief, the circumstances under which the husband of the satti had met his death, viz., in battle. Two men are seen in close combat with short broadswords, their persons almost nude, but pro 1 H. H. Wilson, Essays and Lectures, Vol. I, pp. 250-263. 2 Op. cit., p. 65. tected by round shields. Below this is a groom, armed with a javelin, holding the horse of one of the combatants. The inscription was copied by Captain Kittoe after the sculpture had been taken to Chutia Nagpur by Colonel Ouseley. The inscription bears the date of 1296, Samvat, i.e., 1239 A.D. Captain Kittoe considered it to be a record of a victory, but Colonel Ouseley regarded it as a sātti stone. The sculpture was discovered by Lieutenant-Colonel Ouseley in September or October 1847, at Mahāoli, a place 8 miles north-west of Manpura, the chief town of the Pal or the Northern parganā of Sārgūjā. Mahāoli is about 13 miles north-west of the old fort of Jūbā. Presented to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by LieutenantColonel Ouseley, on the 19th October 1847.1 or Bhuila. In cabinet No. 7. Ba. 1.-A small yoni, 1.75 square, known as a panchānana, "five-faced," or Panchamukha. There is a small area within, measuring 1", and from it the channel or drain leads outwards and projects beyond the margin of the yoni as a spout, but seated in the channel is the bull Nandi, the symbol of virility. The centre of the middle area and the four angles of the yoni are occupied by five cones, i.e., four grouped round one occupying the centre. An object on the side of the yoni opposite to the bull cannot be made out. This yoni appears to have been broken off a pedestal or support of some kind. This and the following object were presented by the Archæological Survey of India, 11th August 1882. Ba. 2.-A fragment of coarse porcelain, measuring 4′′ 20 × 1.90x0"-60. The glaze is very thin, and it has evidently formed a rosette-like figure of some kind in blue. 1 Op. cit., p. 65. Bitha. This place, which is marked by the presence of extensive mounds of ruins, is situated 12 miles to the south-west of Allahabad, and the term bitha itself, General Cunningham 1 says, is sometimes applied to mounds and even to stūpas. He is, however, disposed to regard the name Bitha, in this instance, as the name of a city that occupied this site, and which he thinks may probably have been Bitbhaya-pattana in the kingdom of Kosambi. He observes that "the antiquity of Bitha is vouched for by the five old inscriptions which were diligently collected by my zealous friend Babu Siva Prasâd and myself," Both Buddhist and Brahmanical remains have been found by the Archæological Survey at Bithā; also some old glazed black pottery, and numerous bone spindleshaped objects, which General Cunningham calls spikes, and compares to "tree-nails," and is inclined to adopt the opinion of the people about the place, "that they are simply treenails of bone used for fastening together the thick planks of native doors;" but he also observes, "It is however, quite possible that they may have been mere playthings, such as were formerly used for playing " pnshpin," and are now called "spellikins." Among Buddhist sculptures he describes and figures part of an architrave, resembling the architrave of the Bharhut Stupa in its bells and beaded line, and the Buddha Gaya architrave is its principal ornament, so that the site must contain buildings probably as old as the Buddha Gaya railing. Ba. 1.-A flat slab of stone, 5"-50 x 4", with a very rude human female figure carved on it in relief. The figure is seated with the legs far apart, and is indecent in its Arch. Surv. Rep., Vol. III, pp. 46–52. Pls. XVII and XVIII. 2 Op. cit., Vol. X, pp. 5-9. Pls. III and IV. KOSAMBI. details. In this figure the arms are shown, but in another from Kosam, there are no arms, and part of another body is added on above the breasts. Presented by the Archæological Survey of India, 12th August 1882. Ba. 2.-A portion of a terra-cotta similar to the last, 4"-75 x 3". Presented by the Archæological Survey of India, 12th August 1882. Ba. 3.-A portion, 3" 25 × 1"-25, of the bowl of a clay tobacco pipe, with some simple ornaments on it. Presented by the Archæological Survey of India, 12th August 1882. Kosambi. The following terra-cottas, some of them children's toys, were obtained by General Cunningham from the site of the present village of Kosambi.1 They appear to be all Brahmanical figures of doubtful antiquity. 2 The Archæological Survey obtained a number of objects of apparently greater value and interest than those represented in this Gallery, and a list has been given of them, but it is not stated where they are deposited nor where the three hundred and ninety-four old coins obtained at the same time have been placed. Km. 1.-A child's terra-cotta toy, 550 x 2" 75 x 4", on two clay wheels, consisting of the upper part of a human figure, with the hinder parts and tail of a bird. The whole is very rudely executed. This, and the following sculptures were presented by the Archæological Survey of India, 12th August 1882. The discovery of the site of this ancient city was due to a suggestion made by Mr., now Sir E. C. Bayley, Arch. Surv. Rep., Vol. I, p. 303: Anc. Geo. of Ind., p. 394. 2 Arch. Surv. Rep., Vol. X, pp. 1–5. Pl. II. Km. 2.-A child's toy-cart of terra-cotta, on two clay wheels, imperfect, but measuring 3"-50 x 3" 50 x 3"-50: the splash-board has a rough representation on it of a team of four richly caparisoned horses. Km. 3.-A fragment of the splash-board of another toycart, 4" x 3", with two horses in it. Km. 4.-Another similar fragment, 3"-50 x 3"-50, but with a yoke of oxen. Km. 5.-Another similar to the last, but even more rude, 3" x 3" 50. Km. 6.-A crocodile's head, also used as a toy, 5" 50 x 3" x 2" 75, a very rude terra-cotta. Km. 7.-The head and fore parts of a ram, with a hole for an axle as in the last toy, and also used as a plaything, 4" x 3" 50 x 3" 50. It is ornamented with little dots, and a tasselled cord is round the neck. Km. 8.-Another and similar toy to the last, but with a wheel-like ornament between the animal's horns, but apparently not the chakra, 4" 50 × 3" 75"3". Km. 9.-A plain clay wheel of a toy, 2"-75 in diameter. Km. 10.-A rude terra-cotta figure of an animal, 4" x 2′′•25 × 1′′·25. Km. 11.-A terra-cotta, human, seated, dwarf-like figure with a hole for an axle, and probably a toy. It measures 5"-50 in height, and 3"-25 in breadth. Km. 12.-A human figure seated in a chair, very rudely executed in terra-cotta. Also probably a toy. It measures 8.75 x 1.75. Km.13.-Another and some what similar figure, 3′′ 60 × 1′′·75. ` Km. 14.-Another and similar figure, 3′′·75 × 2′′. Km. 15.-Another like the last, 3"-60 x 150. Km. 16.-Another, the same as the last, 3"-25 × 1′′.75. |