through and over large heaps of brick-work almost hidden in the soil.

O. Pn. 1.-A seated figure of Buddha in clay, from an ancient pagoda at Pagan. It measures l' high by 8"-75 broad.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

O. Pn. 2.-A terracotta medallion of a seated figure of Buddha, in a recess, the upper portion broken off. It measures 4" 50 x 4" broad, and is 1"-60 deep. The figure is surrounded by stūpas in relief. From an ancient ruined pagoda.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

O. Pn. 3.-The greater part of a large medallion, but wanting the edges, with a seated figure of Buddha in relief and part of an inscription in the Devanagari character. It has a maximum height of 5"-80, and a maximum breadth of 5" 25. Medallions such as these were obtained by Captain Hannay at Tagoung in 1836.2

James Prinsep suggested in 1836, as already mentioned, that these medallions "are very nearly of the same character as those found at Sárnáth, and they may have been made there or at Gayá for exportation as is the custom to the present time." It will be observed that the Pagan and Tagoung specimens exactly resemble those from Buddha Gaya. From an ancient ruined pagoda.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Tagoung.

Colonel Henry Yule, in describing the remains at Pagan,

1 Expedition to Western China, p. 204. Conf. Mandalay to Momien, p. 28.

Williams, op. cit., p. 59: Yule's Marco Polo, Vol. II, pp. 89-95.

2 Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol V, 1836, p. 126: idem, p. 157, Pl. vi, fig. 2. 3 Op. cit., Vol. V, p. 164, foot-note: Conf. Phayre, op. cit., Vol. XXXIII, p. 29.

which he does in detail, remarks:-"The Burmese monarchs derive their stem from the Sakya Kings of Kapilavastu, the sacred race from which Gautama sprang. One of them, Abhi Raja by name, is said to have migrated with his troops and followers into the valley of the Irawadi, and there to have established his sovereignty at the city of Tagoung: a legend manifestly of equal value and like the invention to that which deduced the Romans from the migration of the pious Eneas, the ancient Britons from Brut the Trojan and the Gael from Scota, daughter of Pharaoh."

Tagoung appears to have been the earliest capital of the Burmans, whose chroniclers claim for it a fabulous antiquity, and, according to tradition, it was founded before the time of Gotama.

After the Shan invasions of Tagoung, in 1363 A.D., it does not appear to have been restored.

It is situated close to the ruins of Old Pagan, a city that does not claim a similar antiquity, having only been founded in 847-49 A.D., so that the two cities must have existed beside each other for some centuries, if Burmese tradition and the chronicles of the kingdom are to be believed.

The ruins were first visited by Hannay, in 1835, and since his day by other travellers. While on the mission to Western China in 1867-68, I stopped, as already stated, at Pagan and Tagoung on ascending and descending the Irawadi, but found their sites covered by impenetrable forest with the exception of some comparatively recent pagodas at Tagoung.

Tg. 1.-A medallion of red clay, imperfect, but of an arched form with a broad raised border, the depressed surface being 1 Op. cit., p. 30. See also Burney. Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol V, p. 160: Anderson, Op. cit., p. 205.

Op. cit., p. 204: Mandalay to Momien, p. 26. Conf. Williams. Op. cit., P. 57.

3 Journ, As. Soc. Beng., Vol. V, 1836, p. 126.

covered with three Buddhist figures.

It measures 6" 50

high, by 5" 75 broad at the base. The principal figure is a seated Buddha under an arch, which is surmounted by a temple in the form of the Buddha Gaya shrine. The other two figures are smaller erect figures of Buddha, each under an arched way carrying a stupa over it. The rest of the terracotta above these figures is covered by small stūpas and floral ornaments. The inscription below is in Devānāgari, and the terracotta has been figured.

Presented, on the 2nd March 1836, to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Colonel Burney, who received it from Captain Hannay, who found it at the foregoing locality.

Tg. 2.-Another, somewhat similar in form but without its raised margin, and with only one seated figure of Buddha, surrounded by stūpas, and sitting under an arched way surmounted by a temple, and below bearing a Devānāgarī inscription. It measures 6" 25 high, by 4" 25 in breadth.

From Tagoung, where it was obtained by Captain Hannay, and presented by Colonel Burney to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2nd March 1836.

Tg. 3.-The greater part of a medallion of coarse red clay, containing a seated figure of Buddha, with a pagoda on either side of the figure, and other smaller pagodas in relief around him. He is seated under an arched way. measures-maximum height 5," maximum breadth 5."

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Tg. 4.-A plumbiferous bronze 2 figure of a seated Buddha, measuring 6.90 high, with an unpanelled pedestal below.

1 Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. V, 1836, p. 126 p. 157, Pl. vi, fig. 2.

2 I am also indebted to Mr. F. R. Mallet of the Geological Survey for the information that the above figures are made of plumbiferous bronze, he having kindly analyzed them at my request along with the onę previously mentioned.

The figure, in Burmese style, has a high pinnacle on the top of the head, and is roughly executed. From the comparatively recent pagodas at Tagoung.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Tg. 5.-A plumbiferous bronze figure of a seated Buddha, formerly gilt, with a halo behind the head in the form of a pipal leaf, and seated on a high pedestal. Measuring 6" 25 high.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Tg. 6.-A small plumbiferous bronze figure of a seated Buddha, measuring 3" 75 high.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Amherst.

Maulmain is the head-quarters of the Amherst District in British Burmah. It is situated on the left bank of the Salwin, and opposite to it is the village of Martaban, which was once the capital of a kingdom. On the large island of Bhila, which protects Maulmain from the monsoon, there are numerous pagodas which Burmese tradition assigns to Asoka, and, even in Maulmain itself, which is a town of very recent origin, there are several pagodas said to contain relics of Buddha Gotama. At Martaban, there are two principal pagodas of nearly equal age, dating from 1282 and 1284 A.D. respectively. Behind the town, at a distance of about six miles, there are numerous natural caves in the deeply-scarped limestone hills that rise abruptly out of the vast plain, like so many rocky islands out of a sea. In the District of Amherst, which formerly included Maulmain, there are 23 groups of caves, all of them more or less ornamented by pious Buddhists and adorned with images of Buddha.

The following object was obtained from one or other of these caves:

At. 1.-An elephant's tusk, measuring along the convexity of the curve 3′ 3′′-75, encircled by six tiers of seated figures of Buddha, five in each circle, and diminishing in size from below towards the top of the tusk. They are deeply carved, and seated in peaked-arched recesses, each recess being separated by an eminence bearing an umbrella. "Found in the Pha**bia Koo, or cave, about 100 miles south-east of Ma*(?) Darmyeng." These are the particulars given on the tusk itself, but in the Journal of the Asiatic Society,1 it is stated that it was procured in a cave near Maulmain, and that it is of considerable curiosity and antiquity.

Presented to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, on the 4th May 1836, by Captain W. Foley.

Malayan Peninsula.

M. P. 1.-A slab, 2' 2" high, by 1' 1"-50 in breadth at the lower end, and 11"-50 at the other extremity: the curved and inscribed face being narrower than the back, which is plain, the sides being beveled off to the back, each side as well as the face on each of its margins being inscribed. The figure of a Burmese pagoda is delineated in outline between the two last-mentioned inscriptions. The base of the pagoda is apparently nearly square, and of some height whilst the dome-like portion is almost round and capped by a long stalk-like pinnacle, with seven umbrellas at wide intervals on the round stem, which ends above in two half circles, inverted towards each other. The figure given of

1 Op. cit., Vol. V, p. 248.

2 Squeezes of the inscriptions occurring on this sculpture have been sent to Prof. Forchhammer, in the hope that he may be able to supply an English rendering of them for an Appendix.