having a lozenge-shaped figure with a rosette on it; the secondary lozenge and rosette being covered with a greenish and yellow glaze. It measures nearly 7" long, and 5"-75 broad. From the Sudha Munee Pagoda, Upper Burma.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Pn. 13.-A square slab, 5" 75 long and 5" broad, with a lozenge-shaped figure on its centre, covered by a greenish yellow glaze. From the Sudha Munee Pagoda, Pagan, Upper Burma,

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 14th June 1869.

Pn. 14.-Another slab measuring 5" x 4" 50 in dark green glaze with a lozenge-shaped figure in relief on its surface, divided by a groove. From Sudha Munee Pagoda, Pagan, Upper Burma.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Pn. 15.-A square slab of coarse red earthenware, measuring 5′′ x 5′′ 50, with a lozenge-shaped figure on its surface, in relief, containing two concentric lozenges within it, the central covered with a yellow glaze, the rest of the slab with green glaze. From the Sudha Munee Pagoda, Pagan, Upper Burma.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Pn. 16.-An elongated pear-shaped slab of coarse red earthenware, measuring 8" 50 long, by a maximum breadth of 4" 30, and length of 2" 50. The front is raised into an eminence, the one-half with a central ridge, and the other or broad half, shelving downwards, covered with greenish yellow glaze. No history.

Pn. 17 & 18.-Two round bosses of coarse red earthenware, in diameter 4′′-55, and 4" 20. One with pale yellowish green glaze. From the Sudha Munee Pagoda, Pagan, Upper Burma.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Tsagaing.

This place is situated on the right bank of the Irawadi, immediately opposite to the old city of Ava, below Mandalay and Amarapura, the recent capitals of Independent Burma.

It appears to have been, in 1345 A.D., the capital of an Independent State, an offshoot from the kingdom of Burma, and that Tagoung was subject to it shortly after this time.1 About the same period, the Shans of the kingdom of Mogoung to the north advanced on Tagoung and captured it, driving out the Governor, who was the step-son of the Tsagaing King, and marching southwards against Tsagaing itself, attacked and plundered the city, which was abandoned by the King, who was afterwards, 1366 A.D., murdered by his son-in-law, who founded the city of Ava. Tsagaing, however, was again a petty Independent State for some time."

Modern Tsagaing is only a small village embowered in trees, and situated on the banks of the Irawadi, immediately below the hill-range of the same name. When I visited it, in 1868, and again in 1875, I observed only some ruined pagodas of no great age, but, in 1888, the following glazed tiles with bas reliefs were given to me as having been removed from an old pagoda near Tsagaing. Each is about 8"-75 square, and made in the form of a panel with an ornamental narrow border of rosettes.

Tsg. 1.-It is covered with a dark brown glaze, and bears on it, in strong relief, two belus or devils riding on pigmy

Burney. Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. V, p. 163.

2 Conf. Phayre's History Burman Race. Journ. As. Soc. Beng., Vol. XXXVIII, Pt. 1., p. 32.

"The saucers in which the metal (silver) is melted are sold at Rs. 80 per 1,000 to lead smelters who extract any silver and lead that may remain, and the refuse of this smelting is sold to potters, who use it as a glaze for tiles." Anderson's Report on Exped. to Western Yunan, p. 220.

elephants. Each belu carries a circular shield held forward in the right hand, and over his left shoulder the mahout's ank'us. Below the figures is a short inscription in Burmese. From a pagoda near Tsagaing.

Presented by Dr. Marfels, December 1868.

Tsg. 2.-It is covered with olive glaze, and has on it, in strong relief, two belus with vulture heads. The one figure is represented behind the other, each holding forward a spear in the right, and carrying a club in the left. They are dressed as Burmese soldiers. There is a short Burmese inscription below the figures.

From a pagoda near Tsagaing. Presented by Dr. Marfels, December 1868.

Tsg. 3.-This panel has two belus mounted on a brushtailed porcupine (Atherura fasciculata), the animal being gigantic in proportions as compared with the belus, each of which is swinging a club in either hand. The glaze is cream-coloured, and there is an inscription below the figures. From a pagoda near Tsagaing.

Presented by Dr. Marfels, December 1868.

Tsingu.

Tsingu Myo1 is situated on a rather prominent headland on the left bank of the Irawadi, about 36 miles above Mandalay, the capital, at the entrance to one of the narrow channels, defined by high hills, that distinguish the Upper Irawadi and make it the Rhine of the East. It was once a fortified town, but is now a village of a few hundred houses. There was one old temple outside it, and from it the following figure was removed, in 1868.

1 Oldham, Yule's Mission to Ava, p. 180: Williams' Through Burma to Western China, p. 49: Anderson's Report on the Expedn. to Western Yunan, p. 198.

In recess No. 10.

Tn. 1.-A wooden figure of a Thagia, standing on a small lotus pedestal, 6′′ high, the figure being 5" 8 in height. The head is encircled with a crown somewhat resembling a Pope's mitre in appearance, and the peaked segments of which it is made up are ornamented with beaded lines. The lobes of the ears are greatly elongated, with a flower in each lobe, and the neck is encircled with an elaborate necklace. The figure is clad in a long clinging garment. The left hand is held up in front of the chest, while the right hangs down by the side.

I obtained this antique-looking and much-weathered figure, from the foregoing temple which exhibited decided affinities, in its style, to Hindu architecture.

Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Theehadaw,

This is a stone pagoda, the only one of its kind said to exist in Upper Burma, as all the others are of brick. It is built on a picturesque little rocky island, about 30 miles above Tsingu, lying nearly in mid-stream of the first defile of the Irawady above Mandalay. "The pagoda is of no great size, but it is substantially built of a greyish sandstone which crops out on the left bank, a short way above the island, and which has been admirably cut and laid together with mortar. It is said to be of great age, but a Buddhist priest, who is in charge of it denied that it had been in existence for more than fifty years.

It has a quadrangular base with a chamber on one side facing the east, but closed with massive wooden doors. The three remaining sides have each a central false door, corresponding to the one on the east, and the sides of all, and the angles of the building, are relieved with Doric-like pilasters.

1 Expedition to Western Yunan, p. 201: Mandalay to Momien, p. 23: Conf. Oldham in Yule's Mission to Ava. 178: Williams, op. cit., p. 51.

In Cabinet No. 6.

Tw. 1.-A fragment of one of the stones of which the Pagoda of Theehadaw in the defile of the Irawadi is built.1 Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, December 1868.

Old Pagan.

This old capital of Upper Burma is occasionally known as Upper Pagan, owing to its being situated further up the river than Pagan proper, the more recent city. Old Pagan, according to Burmese tradition, was founded in 109 A.D., and as New Pagan was founded in 847-49, A.D., the capital was moved southwards about that time. The power of the Pagan kingdom was effectually broken up by the invasion of Kublai Khan's hordes, in 1284 A.D.

When I visited Old Pagan, in 1868, there were "still undoubted evidences of the old city wall, in a low rounded line of brick-work, two or three feet high, skirting the river's bank. Beyond this point we had to cut our way with dahs through a dense jungle, and after a fatiguing walk of a mile, in which our search was only rewarded by loose surface bricks, and a few obscure brick mounds, overgrown with an impenetrable vegetation, we came upon a narrow footpath leading to Tagoung, and on our way along it, passed an old pagoda, the walls of which were entirely gone, with the exception of one behind a seated figure of Guadama, about 8 feet high, but the pagoda appears to be of no very great age. The path lay

1 In the neighbourhood of the island, there is the famous tame sacred fish, Rita sacerdotum, which comes great distances to be fed, when "tit tit" is called. Some specimens of this fish attain to four feet in length. Anat. and Zoo. Res. and Zoo. Results Yunan Expeds., p. 864, Pl. LXXXIX, fig. 3.