*dvi-tya- (§ 15, 2, b), probably therefore a further formation by § 113. means of -ya- from *dvi-ta-; Greek deú-тepo-, a comparative (§ 105) Sev- appears to be a raised-formation from *du from dva; Lat. secundo- is formed not from stem dva-, but from sec, seq (sequi); on the suffix cf. § 89, 2, n. 2. Indo-European original-language 3. probably tar-tya- or tra-tya-, -tya- being here also a further-formation of -ta-; Sanskrit tr-tiya, i.e. *tar-tya-, (§ 15, 2, b), as it appears to belong to the root of the stem tr-i-, i.e. tar or tra (v. sup. cardinal 3); Greek Tpí-To-, with superlative suffix -ta-, which helps to form all other ordinals in Greek except 7 and 8; Aiol. Téρ-TO-; Lat. ter-tio-, like Sanskrit. 4. Original-language probably katvar-ta-; Sanskrit katur-tha- (tha=ta), also túr-ya-, tur-iya-, for *katur-ya-, with loss of initial and suffix -ya-, not elsewhere used by itself to form superlatives; we have already noted the combination of -ya- with -ta-; here also we see the frequent phenomenon of two suffixes occurring combined,—as here -t-ya-, i.e. -ta-ya-,— either of which can exercise the same functions as the compound; Greek TÉTаρ-Tо- for *TET Fap-To-; Latin quar-to- for *quatuor-to-, quator-to- (on these forms cf. Corss. Krit. Nachtr., p. 298, 3). 5. Original-language probably kankan-ta- or perhaps already kan-ta-; Sanskrit panka-má-, Vēd. panka-thā-, with well-known suffixes; Greek TéμT-TO-; Latin quin (c)-to-. 6. Suffix -ta- throughout, which therefore must be ascribed to the original-language with certainty, thus perhaps ksvaks-ta-; Sanskrit šaš-thá-; Greek ex-To-, probably for *-To-, cf. Latin sex-to. 7. Indo-European original-language sapta-ma-, or sapta-ta-, or perhaps saptan-ta-?; Sanskrit sapta-má-; Greek ëßdo-μo- for *έπто-μο-, with irregular softening of mutes πT into sonants BS, according to the conjecture of G. Curtius and Leo Meyer (cf. Curt. Gr. Et.3 p. 488), through the influence of § 113. the μ, before which o forced its way as an auxiliary vowel at a later date (cf. Old Bulg. sed-mů for *sept-mů); archaic and poët. form &ẞdó-μaтo-; Latin septi-mo-. 8. Original-language perhaps aktu-ma-; Sanskrit asta-má-; Greek oydoFo-, with the same weakening as in the case of eßdo-μo-, for *okтOFO-, which, as Curt. conjectures, arose from *okтFo-, and whose weakening of T to yd must be ascribed to the F (cf. No. 7); on the other hand oydoFo- and Latin octauo- point to a common f.f. aktāv-a-, which is opposed to Curtius' supposition. The suffix here is therefore only -a-, which is added to the raised stem aktu- (consequently we must not assume either suffix -va- as in *par-va-, or still less -machanged into -va-). 9. Indo-European original-language doubtful whether with suffix -ma- (nava-ma-), or with -ta- (navan-ta); Sanskrit nava-má-; Greek eva-To-, évva-To-, probably shortened from éve Fa-To-; Latin no-no- from *nou-no-, *noui-no-, probably from *noui-mo- by assimilation to the initial sound. 10. Original-language doubtful, as in the case of 9, whether daka-ma- or dakan-ta- ; Sanskrit daça-má-; Greek Séκa-TO-; Latin deci-mo-. 11-19. Originally by means of two words.-Sanskrit. Here, as in other compounds, the final a of the second element of daçan-, which has lost its n, serves likewise for an adjectiveforming suffix, e.g. 11, ēkā-daçá-, from ékā-daçan-; 12, dvā-daçā-, etc. Here consequently we see suffix a also serving to form a superlative (as in Gk. Lat. *aktāv-a-, 8). Greek throughout -δέκα-το- ; 11, ἑν-δέκα-το-; 19, ἐννεα-και-δέκα-το-. Latin. 11, un-deci-mo-; 12, duo-deci-mo-, and the remaining numerals by separate words. 20-90. Originally by two words. -Sanskrit either with -tama-, e.g. 20, vìçati-tamá-; 30, trīcati-tamá-; or by suffix -a- like 11-19, with loss of final -t, -ti, e.g. vîçá-, trîçá-. Greek.. To -koti-, -kovтα-, was added suffix -70-, in such a way that § 113. -KOTI- and -KOVтa- were shortened to -KOT-; hence arose *-KOT-TOand by rule (§ 68, 2) -κοσ-το-, thus 20, εἰκοστό- ; 30, τριακοστ -Tó-, etc. Latin. Suffix -tumo-, -timo-, added to the suffix *-cinti-, *-cinta-, which loses its final; or rather to an earlier *-centi-, *-centa-; thus *-cent-tumo-, and thence regularly (77, 1, b) -censumo-, -cēsimo-, and -gēsimo- with c softened to g. E.g. 20, early vicensumo-, hence vicesimo-, vigēsimo-, f.f. would therefore be some such form as *dvi- (da) kanti-tama-; 40, quadra-gensimo-, -gēsimo-, etc. 100-1000. 100. Sanskrit çata-tamá-; Greek, with suffix -σTо-, apparently through the analogy of -To- (§ 106), formed from -To-, EKATO-σTÓ-; Latin, according to analogy of the tens, cent-esimo-, as though -ēsimo- were the suffix (from *cent-tesimo- would have arisen *censesimo-, § 77, 1, b). 200-900. Sanskrit with çata-tamá-; Greek with -σTO(v. 100); e.g. 200, diaкoσio-σтó-; Latin with centésimo, e.g. 200, du-centésimo-, octin-gentēsimo-, etc. 1000. Sanskrit sahasra-tamá-; Greek with -σTO-, Xixo-OTÓ-; Latin with -ēsimo-, mill-ēsimo-. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, PRINTERS, HERTFORD. |