Stone-drilling machine, 72 Tide gauge, self-registering, 106 Water, chemical composition of, Way, 254 Stone, experiments on strength of, Buchanan, Timber, growing, Gyde, on chemical saturation | Water, comparative analysis of, Brande, 103 Stoneware pipes, Burton's pat., 12 Stoneware pipes, experiments on strength of, 14 Strasburgh and north of France railway junction Strasburgh cathedral, Goethe on, 315 Street paving of the metropolis, Taylor, 141 Strength of iron, report of commissioners on, 42, Strength of materials, Buchanan, 21; Tate (rev.) 318 Strength of stone, 21, 269 Struvé on ventilation of collieries, 397 of, 206 Timber roofs, Morris on structural principles, 249; Tinkler's architectural sketches in Italy (rev.) Tombs, modern, Hakewill on (rev.) 47 Water contents of chalk, Prof. Ansted, 203 Water in pipes, D'Aubuisson on motion of, 130, 162 Water, filtering and purifying of, Henderson, 261 Towers and spires of medieval period, Britton, Water monopoly and the sanitary movement, 28 159 Town-hall, Brunswick, 281 Tracery, decorated window, Sharpe (rev.) 46 Traffic on railways, 1849, 71 Tropical climates, cooling rooms in, Smyth, 299; Stucco and cement, Knowles on the use of exter- Tubes, boiler, Bannister's pat., 230 Subsidence of Chatmoss by drainage, 293 Supply of water administration and health ques tion, 97 Supply of water to Liverpool, report of R. Ste- Supply of water to London, history of, 28; pro Supply of water from chalk formation, Homersham, 265. Supply of water to London, report of Board of Surveyor and civil engineer's assistant, Ryde, Suspension bridge at Kieff, 45 Tubular bridges, Buchanan on raising the Bri- Tubular girder bridges, Clark, (rev.) 277; Demp- Valuation of ecclesiastical property (rev.) 137 Swan, on velocity of revolving lighthouse appa- Veneering, Meadow's pat., 169 Swindon church, Wiltshire, 288 Swiss railways and R. Stephenson, 344 Synoptical view of the meteorology of various T Taff vale railway viaduct, 106 Tate, on strength of tubular bridges (rev.) 318 Taylor, on street pavement of the metropolis, 114 Telegraph, electric, Brett's, 108; Galton's, 234; Telescope, Lassell on supporting the speculum of, Telescope, reflecting, Nasmyth's arrangement of, 328 Telotype. Galton's printing electric telegraph Terra-cotta and artificial stone, Fowler. 215 Testimonial to Mr. Barry, 208; Mr. Dockray, 72 Thorneycroft, on manufacture of wrought-iron, 172 Ventilating apparatus, York lunatic asylum, 356 Ventilation of coal mines, Ritchie, 239; Shedden, 23 Ventilation of collieries, Struvé on, 397 Verandah, Sans Souci, 384 cranes and other Water pressure applied to Water supply to Aylesbury, 207 Water supply to Liverpool, R. Stephenson's Water supply to London-history of, 28; projects Water from chalk formation-Ansted, 203; Ho- Water supply-report of Board of Health, 238; 392 Water-wheel, Parker's, 68 Water wheel, ventilating, Dodgson, 253 Wave principle in shipbuilding, Dodgson, 302 Waves, T. Stevenson on force of, 294 Way (Prof.) on variation in chemical composition West's comparative view of explosions in coal Westminster abbey font, 225 Westminster bridge, new, 94 Wheels, elliptical cog, Dashwood, 172 Whitehall banqueting house, Hansard's mea- Whitworth's pat. duplex lathe, 304 Viaduct, Chapple, Eastern counties railway, 172 White zinc paint, 272 W Wagon and carriage springs, Adams, 117 Walker, on ventilation as a branch of sanitary Walker's hints on ventilation (rev.) 320 Water and air in towns, Dr. Smith, 295 Window tracery, decorated, Sharpe (rev.) 46 Wyatt's pat. for glazing cast-iron, 231 Plans (continued)— Library, public, 316 Roman mansion, 369 Rooms, cooling of, 300, 323 Sepulchral painting, 149 Sphinx, 6, 35 Springs, buffer, 117, 119 Springs, railway carriage, 117 Steps, 13 THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. LECTURES ON ARCHITECTURE, BY SAMUEL CLEGG, JUN., Esq. DELIVERED AT THE COLLEGE FOR GENERAL PRACTICAL SCIENCE, PUTNEY, SURREY: PRESIDENT, HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUGH, K.G., ETC. ETC. THE Lecturer on Architecture proposing to deliver a course of lectures upon its history, monthly, in the Hall of the College, tracing the subject from its earliest origin to our own times, we have made arrangements for printing these interesting Lectures in our Journal; and we feel satisfied they will prove instructive, not only to the young student, but also to many of those more advanced in their profession. We have the gratification of adding, that free access to these Lectures will be given to Members of the Institute of Architects, of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and to gentlemen being Lecture I. articled pupils in either of the professions, on application to the Reverend, the Principal of the College. For the fees to the standing collegiate Architectural course, and also for that on Civil Engineering, we would refer our readers to the prospectus,-with our recommendation, that they personally make themselves acquainted with the system and means of instruction at an institution hitherto too little known, but which deserves public encouragement on account of the combination of theoretical and practical science which may be acquired simultaneously at this College. -INTRODUCTION.-EGYPT. (With an Engraving, Plate I.) HISTORY is universally allowed to be one of the most interesting and instructive studies that can occupy the attention of a thinking being. Not the mere chronicle of reigning monarchs and party factions; not the record of perpetually recurring war, with its consequent suffering and crime, but the history of the human race in its gradual development; of civilisation in its progressive and retrograde movements; of religion and commerce; of literature, art, and science: the history of all those things the cultivation of which have wrought the change from the ignorant savage, but little superior to the flocks and herds that clothed and gave him food, to the moral and intellectual man he was destined to become. What can be more interesting than (standing as we do in the broad daylight of the 19th century) to contemplate the past,-to grope our way through the dark ages,—to pass in review the evening glories of Rome, the full blaze of noon in Greece, and the early dawn in Egypt and Assyria? In thus looking backwards, we find no art or science in which the genius of each succeeding age and country has so fully developed itself as in ARCHITECTURE-the art, above all others, most useful and ornamental; adding at once to the safety and accommodation, and the delight and dignity of mankind. Architecture provides citadels for defence, habitations for private life, erects temples for worship, and theatres where we seek amusement; throws bridges over the otherwise impassable torrent, brings the refreshing stream from the distant mountain, raises monuments to our illustrious dead—and, in short, has its part in almost every comfort and luxury of life. Architectural reNo. 148.-VOL. XIII.-JANUARY, 1850. mains present the only certain records we possess of several ancient nations: nor can we arrive at a better knowledge of a people separated from us by the interval of ages than by an examination of their buildings and monuments. Their temples speak to us of their faith and forms of worship; their palaces and courts of justice of their civil institutions; their triumphal arches and tripods and obelisks of their heroes and benefactors; their dwelling-houses of their domestic life; and their places of public assembly and amusement of the degree of civilisation and refinement to which they had attained. Under another point of view, also, the student will find himself well repaid by the study of the History of Architecture-nothing can tend in a greater degree to mature the judgment and refine the taste. Surely, in preparing ourselves for the practice of any art or science, and in order to carry it still farther towards perfection by our own endeavours, we ought to obtain a complete knowledge of those inestimable treasures with which the taste and genius of our forefathers has endowed us. But if we would really learn, we must approach this, like every other study, with a mind free from hastily-formed opinions, and unfettered by prejudice; we must be willing to admit excellence wherever it exists, and to perceive beauty wherever it is to be found, as well as to detect the barbarous and meretricious. We must recollect, in our examination of different styles, that no original forms were arbitrary or accidental; that wherever the manner of construction is suitable to the materialwherever the style of architecture corresponds with the climate, and is adapted to the sentiments and manners of the nation and of 2 |