without regard to the undulating, or low, or flat-lying nature of the town, village, or district to be sewered. The remedy I have to suggest, therefore, for unsanitary drainage is the adoption of my own pneumatic sewerage system; but to carry it out properly, by rule, the "separate system" of drainage is indispensably necessary; and, if so, it should be insisted upon in all new building areas. Where towns or villages are already sewered, if the Sanitary Authorities would have sanitary drainage, they should convert the present sewers into drains for the reception of manufacturers' waste liquids, and for surface (rain) and subsoil waters, and put a fresh system of small pipes for the sewage-proper. The rain-water and harmless waste fluids from manufactories, etc., I would pass into the brooks, rivers, and seas, via drains, but the genuine sewage-proper I would transport to land via sewers. I do not approve of incurring enormous cost to abstract, by the "pail system," the solid excrement from the sewage; for, if we assume the sewage discharges of a population to average 15 gallons per head per day, as per Mr. John Phillips', C.E., estimate, then the solid excrement and urine combined, only form about 2 per cent. of the 15 gallons. The solids collected in the pails even with 15 gallons as the water supply, would not be 1 per cent. of the liquid sewage; and forasmuch as the remaining 99 per cent. would be practically as offensive and as difficult to deal with, sanitarily speaking, as if the solids were allowed to commingle with it, I think it is a mistake to separate the solid excrement for collection and disposal, apart from the other portions of domestic sewage. I believe in adding the excrement and urine to the other domestic waste fluids, and reducing the volume of the latter as much as possible, and applying the whole to land as liquid manure. You may clarify it and defecate it before applying it, if you like, because I agree with General Scott, C.B., and the engineer to the Lee Conservancy Board, Major Flower, C.E., that much good could be done in that way, in many places, as sewage so treated could be hosed on to our gardens even, without giving offence. Where the town or village is favourably conditioned naturally for the adoption of the gravitating plan by itself, I should not, of course, think of introducing any other system as an auxiliary to gravitation. An eminent sanitary engineer, Mr. Lemon, C. E.-who is also, I am pleased to say, a believer in the "separate system," and who is 盛香 les pang co. and I am The army of sewer-pipes to AN I Ta vrina.. I should insist S ATBET Lily even. The soui x dhe same amount SIM at va a ese of sewer-pipes argams ni ma ás is recognised MTZ APUK, 2017 sve gearing habits TAT Smire mines way, or a Lyrets de via 20 x 500 Eves are lost, on cixai ni wes vir number is so upon the scene of the semian 3 AN ANAL ferea excusdie groasis on le set 17 7 servant fie the busters—if they can be regarded as sarly premazlie senior—the owners of the nivit in the 108, ie the managers and workmen, or both, as the muse may be, 19 Nasred scccringy; and frequently verdicts GỂ Tunaazhter are found against men for sendents, occasioned, possibly, thread berbabe und la may be momentary aberrations on their part; and bow nazy asses have occurred of late in which a doctor or a lawyer, or some other professional gentleman, whose life is valuable, having met with a railway sccident, has been disatied from pursuing his business, and in consequence heavy damages-amounting, in some cases, to thousands of pounds-have been claimed by and paid to him. But a badly-drained and sewered town, with a population, say, of 20,000, will have a deathrate of, it may be, 5 or 10 per 1000 in excess of what it would stand at, if it were sanitarily sewered and drained; and of course you know this means, in a town with that population, that 100 or 200 lives are annually sacrificed, the victims of dirt disease. If a colliery or a railway in such a town destroyed that number at one fell stroke once every year, Parliament and the nation would be up in arms to put a stop to such wholesale slaughter. But, although science proves to us conclusively that such sacrifices are more or less constantly being made in our cities, towns, and villages, yet, despite all remonstrances, a number of our sanitary councils stand by and tolerate such a state of things; and, however valuable may be the life of the victim of insanitary conditions, neither he nor his friends can obtain any compensation for the disablement or destruction of that life. Actuated thus by a sense of the importance of the work to be carried out, I should proceed to lay down my system of sewerage in the manner now to be described; and, that you may the more easily understand my explanations, I will assume an ideal district or building plot. The plot may be any shape you please, and it may be on flat ground or on undulated surfaces-it matters not what its shape or configuration may be. For the purpose of my explanation, however, I will ask you to assume that the plot to which I refer is low-lying, and without any defined declivity to a natural outfall. The contents of the plot are 431 acres. The houses are 240 in number, and they are cut up into 24 blocks, with 10 houses in each block. We will assume it to be a seaside resort, and that an average of 8 persons live in each house. This would give 1,920 as the population to provide sewers for. This population might be doubled readily without increasing the first cost of the sewerage works upon my system. In the centre of the plot would be placed what is called an "Ejector Station." There I should sink a manhole deep enough to enable me to fix a "Pneumatic Sewage Ejector," to receive the sewage discharges gravitating and converging from the north, south, east, and west to that point. The size of the gravitating sewer-pipes, leading the sewage from the backs of the houses to the " ejector station," is uniform, viz., 6 inches in diameter, and the gradient, say, 1 in 200. At the heads of the sewers leading to the " "ejector station" a small "Shone's Hydraulic Syphon Ejector," for flushing |