third lines, and the 122d and 126th Ohio in the fourth line, all preceded by the 110th Ohio on the skirmish line.

General Meade addressed this note to General Wright:

"Please give my thanks to Brigadier-General Ricketts and his gallant command for the very handsome manner in which they have conducted themselves to-day. The success attained by them is of the greatest importance, and if followed up will materially advance our operations."

The morning of the 3d, the division charged forward about two hundred yards under a heavy fire and intrenched, using bayonets, tin cups, and plates for the purpose.' At 4 A. M., June 3d, by Grant's order, the Sixth and the Eighteenth Corps and Barlow's division of the Second assaulted the strongly fortified works of the enemy, but suffered a most disastrous repulse the bloodiest of the war. Approximately, 10,000 Union men fell. The number and strength of the enemy's position was not well understood. He did not suffer corre

spondingly. There were found to be deep ravines and a morass in front of his fortifications.

The assault was suspended about 7 A. M., and not renewed. Grant says in his Memoirs :'

2

"I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made."

Other indecisive fighting occurred at Cold Harbor to the 12th, when Lee's army having retired in consequence of further flank movements, the last of the Union Army was withdrawn, and by June 13th, its several corps crossing the Chickahominy at Long and Jones' Bridges, reached the James River at Charles City Court-House. Sheridan, meantime, with two cavalry divisions, was ordered to Gordonsville to destroy the Central Railroad, and to communicate, if practicable, with Hunter's expedition, then in progress in the Shenandoah

1 War Records, vol. xxxvi., Part I., pp. 734-5 (Keifer's Report). * Vol. ii., p. 276.

Valley. Sheridan fought a successful battle at Trevilian Station, June 11th, overthrowing Hampton and Fitz Lee's cavalry divisions.

The Union Army soon crossed the James.

Excluding captured and missing, the casualties in the Union Army during the operations mentioned, shown by revised lists, are given in the summary table following :'

There do not seem to exist any lists, at all complete, by which a summary of casualties of killed and wounded in the Confederate Army during the Wilderness campaign can be made up, but, barring Cold Harbor, they were, doubtless, approximately as great as in the Union Army. During the campaign the Union Army captured 22 field guns and lost 3. It captured at least 67 colors. And reports show the Army of the Potomac, from May I to 12, 1864, took 7078 prisoners, and from May 12 to July 31, 1864, 6506; total, 13,584.

1 War Records, vol. xxxvi., Part I., p. 188 (119-198).

It is interesting to note that the ratio of killed to wounded, shown by this table, is almost exactly 1 to 5, that is, 16.6 per cent. of the whole number were killed; that of the killed, I out of every 14.6 was an officer; of the wounded, I out of 20 was an officer; of the whole number killed and wounded, I officer was killed out of every 88, 1 officer was wounded out of every 24.3, and I enlisted man was killed out of every 6.5, and one officer was killed or wounded out of every 19.

The Union reports show the " captured and missing [Union], May 4th to June 24th," to be 8966.'

The killed and wounded in the Sixth Army Corps, May 5 to June 15, 1864, were 10,614; in the Third Division thereof, 1993, and in the Second Brigade of this division, 1246.

1 War Records, vol. xxxvi., Part I., pp. 188, 196.

CAMPAIGN SOUTH OF JAMES RIVER AND PETERSBURG-HUNTER'S RAID-BATTLE OF MONOCACY-EARLY'S ADVANCE ON WASHINGTON (1864)-SHERIDAN'S MOVEMENTS IN SHENANDOAH VALLEY, AND OTHER EVENTS

IN

N pursuance of the general plan, as we have seen, General B. F. Butler had organized at Fortress Monroe the Army of the James, composed of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, commanded, respectively, by Generals Quincy A. Gilmore and W. F. Smith. It moved by transports up the James River on May 4, 1864, and effected a landing without serious resistance at Bermuda Hundred the night of the 5th. At the same time General Kautz, with 3000 cavalry, made a raid from Suffolk and destroyed a portion of the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad. These movements caused a hasty concentration against Butler of all the available troops from the Carolinas. Beauregard was put in command of them. There was some indecisive fighting between parts of Butler's army at Stony Creek, Jarratt's Station, and White Bridge, and there were somewhat general engagements at Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Swift Creek, Proctor's Creek, and Drewry's Bluff, and some minor affairs along the James. Kautz, making a second successful raid, cut the Richmond and Danville Railroad at Caulfield, destroying bridges, tracks, and depots. The result of all was to leave Butler's command strongly intrenched at Bermuda Hundred, but unable to advance and seriously threaten Richmond.

The term "Bottled up," an expression used to describe