monument of Chatham, and from above, his effigy, graven by a cunning hand, seems still, with eagle face and outstretched arm, to bid England be of good cheer, and to hurl defiance at her foes. The generation which reared that memorial of him has disappeared. The time has come when the rash and indiscriminate judgments which his contemporaries passed on his character may be calmly revised by history. And history, while, for the warning of vehement, high, and daring natures, she notes his many errors, will yet deliberately pronounce, that, among the eminent men whose bones lie near his, scarcely one has left a more stainless, and none a more splendid name.
Abbé and abbot, difference between, i. 498.
Academy, character of its doctrines, ii. 222.
Adam, Robert, court architect to George III., iii. 480.
Addison, Joseph, review of Miss Ai- kin's life of, iii. 354-444; his cha- racter, 355, 356; sketch of his fa- ther's life, 357; his birth and early life, 358, 359; appointed to a scholar- ship in Magdalene College, Oxford, 359; his classical attainments, 359, 360; his Essay on the Evidences of Christianity, 362; contributes a pre- face to Dryden's Georgics, 366; his intention to take orders frustrated, 367; sent by the government to the Continent, 369; his introduction to Boileau, 371; leaves Paris and pro- ceeds to Venice, 375, 376; his resi- dence in Italy, 375-379; composes his Epistle to Montague (then Lord Halifax), 379; his prospects clouded by the death of William III., 380; becomes tutor to a young English traveller, 381; writes his Treatise on Medals, 381; repairs to Holland, 381; returns to England, 381; his cordial reception and introduction into the Kit Cat Club, 381; his pe- cuniary difficulties, 381; engaged by Godolphin to write a poem in honour of Marlborough's exploits, 384; is appointed to a Commission- ership. 384; merits of his "Cam- paign," 384; criticism of his Travels in Italy, 361. 388; his opera of Ro- samond, 389; is made Undersecre- tary of State, and accompanies the Earl of Halifax to Hanover, 390; his election to the House of Com- mons, 391; his failure as a speaker, 391; his popularity and talents for conversation, 393, 394; his timidity and constraint among strangers, 395; his favourite associates, 396-399;
becomes Chief Secretary for Ireland under Wharton, 399; origination of the Tatler, 400, 401; his character- istics as a writer, 401-405; com- pared with Swift and Voltaire as a master of the art of ridicule, 404, 405; his pecuniary losses, 409; loss of his Secretaryship, 409; resignation of his Fellowship, 409; encouragement and disappointment of his advances towards a great lady, 409; returned to Parliament without a contest, 409; his Whig Examiner, 410; in- tercedes with the Tories on behalf of Ambrose Phillipps and Steele, 410; his discontinuance of the Tatler and commencement of the Spectator, 410; his part in the Spectator, 411; his commencement and discontinu- ance of the Guardian, 415; his Cato, 376. 415; his intercourse with Pope, 419, 420; his concern for Steele, 421; begins a new series of the Spectator, 421; appointed secretary to the Lords Justices of the Council on the death of Queen Anne, 422; again appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, 423; his relations with Swift and Tickell, 423, 424; removed to the Board of Trade, 425; production of his Drummer, 426; his Free- holder, 426; his estrangement from Pope, 427, 428; his long courtship of the Countess Dowager of War- wick and union with her, 434, 435; takes up his abode at Holland House, 435, appointed Secretary of State by Sunderland, 436; failure of his health, 436. 441; resigns his post, 436; re- ceives a pension, 436; his estrange- ment from Steele and other friends, 437; advocates the bill for limiting the number of Peers, 438; refutation of a calumny upon him, 439; en- trusts his works to Tickell, and de- dicates them to Craggs, 441; sends for Gay on his death-bed to ask his forgiveness, 441; his death and fu- neral, 443; Tickell's elegy on his
death, 443; superb edition of his works, 445; his monument in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, 444. Addison, Dr. Lancelot, sketch of his life, iii. 357.
Adiaphorists, a sect of German Pro- testants, i. 470. 492.
Adultery, how represented by the dra- matists of the Restoration, iii. 7. Advancement of Learning, by Bacon, its publication, ii. 174.
Eschylus and the Greek drama, i. 14 -25.
Afghanistan, the monarchy of, analo-
gous to that of England in the 16th century, i. 482; bravery of its in- habitants, iii. 95, 96; the English the only army in India which could compete with them, 95. Agricultural and manufacturing la- bourers, comparison of their con- dition, i. 218. 220.
Agujari, the singer, iii. 296.
Whigs, 468; change in the conduct of public affairs consequent on her death, 422.
Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, ii. 540. Anytus, ii. 203.
Apostolical succession, Mr. Gladstone claims it for the Church of England, ii. 419-439.
Aquinas, Thomas, ii. 255.
Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, ii. 581.
Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, iii. 404. Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions, ii. 230.
Archytas, rebuked by Plato, ii. 229. Arcot. Nabob of, his relations with England, ii. 461-466; his claims re- cognised by the English, 461. Areopagitica, Milton's, allusion to, i. 57. Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Wal- pole's administration, ii. 10.
Ariosto, compared with Tasso, ii. 561. Aristodemus, ii. 541.
Aikin, Miss, review of her Life of Aristophanes, iii. 2. Addison, iii. 354-444. Aix, its capture, ii. 45.
Akenside, his Epistle to Curio, i. 592. Albigenses, ii. 548.
Alexander the Great, compared with Clive, ii. 535.
Alfieri and Cowper, comparison be- tween them, i. 333. Allahabad, iii. 92.
Allegories of Johnson and Addison, i. 281.
Allegory, difficulty of making it inter- esting, i. 281.
Allegro and Penseroso, i. 13. Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, ii. 233; compa- rative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 233, 234. America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in, ii. 539; its capabilities, 539.
American colonies, British, war with them, iii. 119; act for imposing stamp duties upon them, 501; their disaffection, 511; revival of the dis- pute with them, 537; progress of their resistance, 537. Anabaptists, their origin, i. 474. Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, ii. 219.
Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Car- natic, ii. 459. Angria, his fortress of Gheriah re- duced by Clive, ii. 474. Anne, Queen, her political and re- ligious inclinations, i. 546; changes in her government in 1710, 546; relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 549- 552. 556; state of parties at her ac- cession, iii. 381, 382; dismisses the
Aristotle, his authority impaired by the Reformation, ii. 226.
Arithmetic, comparative estimate of by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 229. Arlington, Lord, his character, ii. 297; his coldness for the Triple Alliance, 304; his impeachment, 321. Armies in the middle ages, how con- stituted, i. 72. 147; a powerful re- straint on the regal power, 148; sub- sequent change in this respect, 149. Arms, British, successes of, against the French in 1758, ii. 45-48.
Army (the), control of by Charles I. or by the Parliament, i. 157; its triumph over both, 164; danger of a standing army becoming an instru- ment of despotism, 456.
Arne, Dr., set to music Addison's opera of Rosamond, iii. 389. Arragon and Castile, their old insti- tutions favourable to public liberty, i. 507.
Art of War, Machiavelli's, i. 94. Arundel, Earl of, ii. 216. Asia, Central, its people, iii. 93. Asiatic Society, commencement of its career under Warren Hastings, iii. 155.
Assemblies, deliberative, ii. 43. Astronomy, comparative estimate of by Socrates and by Bacon, ii. 232. Athenian comedies, their imparity, iii. 2; reprinted at the two Univer- sities, 2.
Athenians (the), Johnson's opinion of them, i. 394.
Attainder,an act of, warrantable, i. 441. Atterbury, Bishop, his reply to Bentley to prove the genuineness of the Let- ters of Phalaris, ii. 369; reads the
funeral service over the body of Ad- dison, iii. 443. Attila, ii. 539.
Attributes of God, subtle speculations touching them imply no high degree of intellectual culture, ii. 541, 542. Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Bacon, ii. 197; Bacon's de- cision against him after his present, 212.
Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Sweden, ii. 565. Augustin, St., ii. 539.
Aurungzebe, his policy, ii. 454. Austen, Jane, notice of, iii. 342. Austin, Sarah, her character as a trans- lator, ii. 538. 583.
Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause, ii. 572.
Authors, their present position, i. 257 -263.
Avignon, the Papal Court transferred from Rome to, ii. 550.
Baber, founder of the Mogul empire, ii. 453.
Bacon, Lady, mother of Lord Bacon, ii. 139.
Bacon, Lord, review of Basil Mon- tagu's new edition of the works of, ii. 128-271; his mother distinguished as a linguist, 139; his early years, 143-145; his services refused by government, 145, 146; his admission at Gray's Inn, 147; his legal attain- ments, 147; sat in Parliament in 1593, 148; part he took in politics, 149; his friendship with the Earl of Essex, 154-161; examination of his conduct to Essex, 161-171; influence of King James on his fortunes, 170; his servility to Lord Southampton, 171; influence his talents had with the public, 173; his distinction in Parliament and in the courts of law, 174; his literary and philosophical works, 174; his "Novum Orga- num, " and the admiration it ex- cited, 174; his work of reducing and recompiling the laws of England, 175; his tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 175-180; attaches himself to Buckingham, 182; his appointment as Lord Keeper, 184; his share in the vices of the administration, 185; his animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 190, 191, his town and country residences, 192, 193; his titles of Baron Veru- lam and Viscount St. Albans, 193; report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 195; nature
of the charges, 197, 198; overwhelm- ing evidence to them, 198. 200; his admission of his guilt, 200; his sen- tence, 201; examination of Mr.Mon- tagu's arguments in his defence, 201 -213; mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 214, 215; chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 217- 227; his views compared with those of Plato, 228-238; to what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 242; his frequent treatment of moral subjects, 244; his views as a theolo- gian, 247; vulgar notion of him as inventor of the inductive method, 249; estimate of his analysis of that method, 249-256; union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 257; his amplitude of comprehension, 257, 258; his freedom from the spirit of controversy,260; his eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 261; his disciplined imagination, 263; his boldness and originality, 265; unusual develop- ment in the order of his faculties, 266; his resemblance to the mind of Burke, 266; specimens of his two styles, 266, 267; value of his Essays, 267; his greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 268; contemplation of his life, 268- 271.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, his character, ii. 133-138.
Baconian philosophy, its chief pecu- liarity, ii. 217; its essential spirit, 218; its method and object differed from the ancient, 227; comparative views of Bacon and Plato, 227-238; its beneficent spirit, 235. 237. 242; its value compared with ancient phi- losophy, 238-249.
Baillie, Gen., destruction of his detach- ment by Hyder Ali, iii. 132. Balance of power, interest of the Popes in preserving it, ii. 573. Banim, Mr., his defence of James II.. as a supporter of toleration, ii. 100. Banking operations of Italy in the 14th century, i. 67.
Bar (the), its degraded condition in the time of James II., i. 184. Barbary, work on, by Rev. Dr. Addi- son, iii. 357.
Barcelona,capture of,by Peterborough, i. 533.
Baretti, his admiration for Miss Bur- ney, iii. 310. Barillon, M., his pithy words on the new council proposed by Temple,
Barlow, Bishop, iii. 19. Barrington, Lord, iii. 455. Barwell, Mr., iii. 99; his support of Hastings, 103. 116, 117. 123. NN
Bastile, Burke's declamations on its | Berar, occupied by the Bonslas, iii.
Battle of the Cranes and Pygmies, Ad-
Bavaria, its contest between Protest- antism and Catholicism, ii. 562. Baxter's Testimony to Hampden's excellence, i. 405.
Bayle, Peter, ii. 545.
Beaumarchais, his suit before the par- liament of Paris, ii. 213. Beckford, Alderman, iii. 529. Bedford, Duke of, iii. 454; his views of the policy of Chatham, 467, 480; presents remonstrance to George III. 507.
Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I.
to form an administration, i. 442. Bedfords (the) iii. 454; parallel be- tween them and the Rockinghams, 509; their opposition to the Rock- ingham ministry on the Stamp Act, 514; their willingness to break with Grenville on Chatham's accession to office, 523; deserted Grenville and admitted to office, 533.
Berwick, Duke of, held the Allies in
check, i. 527; his retreat before Galway, 536.
Bickerstaff, Isaac, astrologer, iii. 401. Biographia Britannica, refutation of a
calumny on Addison in, iii. 439. Biography, tenure by which a writer of is bound to his subject, ii. 363. Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolical succession, ii. 419-425.
Black Hole of Calcutta described, ii. 478, 479; retribution of the English for its horrors, 480-488. Blackmore, Sir Richard, his attain- ments in the ancient languages, iii. 362.
Blasphemous publications, policy of Government in respect to, i. 241. Blenheim, battle of, iii. 384; Addison employed to write a poem in its honour 384.
Bedford House assailed by a rabble," iii. 506.
Begums of Oude, their domains and treasures, iii. 145; disturbances in Oude imputed to them, 146; their protestations, 147; their spoliation charged against Hastings, 176. Belgium, its contest between Protest- antisin and Catholicism, ii. 562. Belial, iii. 5.
Bell, Peter, Byron's spleen against, i. 335.
Bellasys, the English general, i. 526. Bellingham, his malevolence, iii. 343. Belphegor (the), of Machiavelli, i. 88. Benares, its grandeur, iii. 134; its annexation to the British dominions, 143.
"Benefits of the Death of Christ," ii. 561.
Benevolences, Oliver St. John's op-
position to, and Bacon's support of, ii. 175.
Bengal, its resources, ii. 475. et seq. Bentham, his language on the French revolution, ii. 64.
Bentham and Dumont, i. 566. Bentinck, Lord William, his memory cherished by the Hindoos, ii. 537. Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the 16th cen- tury, i. 487. Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, ii. 368; his edition of Milton, 370; his notes on Horace, 370; his recon- ciliation with Boyle and Atterbury, 371.
Blois, Addison's retirement to, iii. 370. Bloomsbury Gang," the denomi nation of the Bedfords, iii. 454. Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of the Bodleian Library, ii. 174. 215. Bohemia, influence of the doctrines of Wickliffe in, ii. 550, 551. Boileau, Addison's intercourse with, iii. 371; his opinion of modern Latin, 372; his literary qualities, $74. Bolingbroke, Lord, the liberal patron of literature, i. 378; proposed to strengthen the royal prerogative, 581; his jest on occasion of the first representation of Cato, iii. 417; Pope's perfidy towards him, 431; his remedy for the diseases of the state, 464, 465.
Bombay, its affairs thrown into con- fusion by the new council at Cal- cutta, iii. 105.
Book of the Church, Southey's, i. 210. Books, puffing of, i. 259–265. Booth, played the hero in Addison's Cato on its first representation, iii. 417.
Borgia, Cæsar, i. 90. Boroughs, rotten, the abolition of, a necessary reform in the time of George I., i. 590.
Boswell, James, his character, i. 370- 375.
Boswell's Life of Johnson, by Croker, review of, i. 349-401; character of the work, 367. Boswellism, i. 58.
Bourbon, the House of, their vicissi-
tudes in Spain, i. 424-545. Bourne, Vincent, iii. 373; his Latin
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