edifice, the wall built with square towers. You ascend to it over heaps of stones intermixed with scraps of marble. ... Over (an) arch are four pieces of ancient sculpture, and exquisite workmanship... The grand mosque is situated beneath the castle, westward. The side next the foot of the hill is of stone; the remainder, of veined marble, polished... The large granite columns which sustain the roof, and the marbles, are spoils from ancient Ephesus... The whole of Aiasalúck is patchwork, composed of marbles and fragments removed from their original places, and put together without elegance or order. We were convinced that we had not arrived yet at Ephesus, before we discovered the ruins of that city, which are nearer the sea, and visible from the castle hill. Ephesus was situated by the mountains, which are the southern boundary of the plain, and comprehended within its wall a portion of Mount Prion and of Corissus. Mount Prion is a circular hill, resembling that of Aiasalúck, but much larger. Corissus is a single lofty ridge, extending northward from near Mount Pactyas, and approaching Prion, then making an elbow and running westwardly toward the sea... We entered Ephesus from Aiasalúck, with Mount Prion and the exterior side wall of a stadium which fronted the sea on our left hand. Going on and turning, we passed that wing of the building, and the area opened to us... The seats, which ranged in numerous rows one above another, have all been removed... The vestiges of the theatre are farther on in the side of the same mountain. The seats, and the ruins of the front are removed... Going on from the theatre... you come to a narrow valley which divides Mount Prion from Corissus . . Near the entrance . . were ruins of a church Within the valley you find broken columns and pieces of marble, with vestiges of a music theatre in the slope of Prion. This, which was not a large structure, is stripped of the seats, and naked. Beyond (it) the valley opens gradually into the plain of Aiasalúck; and keeping round by Prion, you come to the

remains of a large edifice. . . Among the fragments lying in the front, are two trunks of statues, of great size, without heads, and almost buried. This huge building was the gymnasium, which is mentioned as behind the city. We pitched our tents among its ruins.

"In the entrance street of the city from Aiasalúck, were scattered pedestals and bases of columns.

The

edifices in it had been equally ample and noble. This street was crossed by one leading from the plain toward the valley before mentioned, which had on the left the front of the stadium and the theatre . . . (and) on the right, (the ruins probably of the) market place arsenals, and of the public treasury, the prison, and the like buildings. . . We were now at the end of the street, and near the entrance of the valley between Prion and Corissus. Here, turning toward the sea, you have the

...

market-place on the right hand; on the left, the sloping side of Corissus, and presently the prostrate heap of a temple. . . perhaps (that) erected at Ephesus by permission of Augustus Cæsar to the god Julius, or that dedicated to Claudius Cæsar.

"About a mile farther on, is a root of Corissus running out toward the plain, and ending in an abrupt precipice, which has a square tower, one of many belonging to the city wall, standing on it. We rode to it along the mountain side, but that way is steep and slippery. Near it are remnants of a sumptuous edifice, and among the bushes beneath, we found an altar of white marble. This eminence commands a lovely prospect of the river Cayster.

“Mount Prion ... has served as an inexhaustible magazine of marble, and contributed largely to the magnificence of the city. The Ephesians, it is related, when they first resolved to provide an edifice worthy of their Diana, were met to agree on importing materials. The quarries then in use were remote, and the expense, it was foreseen, would be prodigious. At this time, a shepherd happened to be feeding his flock on Mount Prion, and two rams fighting, one of them missed his antagonist, and striking the rock with his horn, broke off a crust of very white marble. He ran into the city with this specimen, which was received with excess of joy. He was highly honoured for his accidental discovery, and finally canonized; the Ephesians changing his name to Evangelus, the good messenger, and enjoining their chief magistrate, under a penalty, to visit the spot, and to sacrifice to him monthly, which custom continued to the age of Augustus Cæsar... In the records of our religion, Prion is ennobled as the burying place of Timothy, the companion of St. Paul, and the first Bishop of Ephesus, whose body was afterwards translated to Constantinople by the founder of that city (Constantine), or his son, and placed with St. Luke, and St. Andrew, in the church of the Apostles. The story of St. John the Evangelist was deformed in

an early age with fiction; but he also was interred at Ephesus, and, as appears from one narration, in this mountain. In the side of Prion . . . are cavities with mouths, like ovens, made to admit the bodies, which were thrust in, head or feet foremost . . . Then follows further on, a wide aperture or two, which are avenues to the quarries, with hanging precipices, and in one is the ruin of a church . . . perhaps that of St. John, rebuilt by the emperor Justinian. It is still frequented, and had a path leading to it through tall strong thistles . . . The quarries are in the bowels of the mountain, with numberless mazes, and vast silent dripping caverns. In many parts are chippings of marble, and marks of the tools I saw huge pieces lying among the bushes at the bottom. The looking down the steep and solemn precipice was formidable. A flock of crows, disturbed at my approach, flew out with no small clamour.

...

"But what, it will be asked, is become of the renowned Temple of Diana? Can a wonder of the world be vanished like a phantom, without leaving a trace behind?' We would gladly give (says Chandler) a satisfactory answer to such queries; but to our great regret, we searched for the site of this fabric to as little purpose as the travellers who have preceded us.

'(Perhaps) the entire remains of the temple are buried under the soil....

"The address of the town clerk to the Ephesians, 'Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana?' &c., is curiously illustrated by an inscription found by Chandler near the aqueduct, commencing as follows:-'Inasmuch as it is notorious, that not only among the Ephesians, but also everywhere among the Greek nations, temples are consecrated to her, and sacred portions,' &c.

“.... In 1677, Ephesus was already reduced to an inconsiderable number of cottages, wholly inhabited by Turks.' 'This place, where once Christianity so flou

rished as to be a mother Church, and the see of a metropolitan bishop, cannot now show one family of Christians. So hath the secret providence of God disposed affairs, too deep and mysterious for us to search into'. . . In 1699, the miserable remains of the church of Ephesus resided not on the spot, but at a village called Kir Ringecui.'

"I was at Ephesus in January, 1824; the desolation was then complete: a Turk, whose shed we occupied, his Arab servant, and a single Greek, composed the entire population: some Turcomen excepted, whose black tents were pitched among the ruins. There is still, however, a village near, (probably the one alluded to above,) having 400 Greek houses."-See ARUNDELL'S Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia. CHANDLER's Asia Minor, &c.

"We reached Aiasalúck about half-after one o'clock. It was with feelings of no common interest, that my eye caught, from a distance, the aqueduct and the castle; and, with still greater delight, that I afterwards proceeded to examine the ruins. Ephesus had at one period extended to Aiasalúck; but the principal ruins of that celebrated city are a mile distant. At this place we see chiefly the ruins of the Mahomedan town, which flourished for a time after the destruction of the other, and had been erected in a great measure by the spoils which it furnished. Innumerable are the inscriptions which are lying about in disorder or neglect or which are built into the aqueduct and the Turkish structures.

"No ruin here struck me so much as the large mosque, which some travellers have ventured to suppose the church of St. John. The front of the building is reckoned one of the finest specimens of Saracenic architecture, and in the interior are some stupendous columns, which there is no reason to doubt once graced the celebrated temple of Diana.

"I cannot describe the feelings which came over my mind, on viewing the mosque, the castle, and the multitude of ruins which are strewed on every side. What a