of any other men, we would ask, why, when such extreme care was taken that the Knights Commanders should not pay the fees of knighthood, some means were not devised for saving the purses of the Knights from any claims they might themselves be able to create ?

We have at length performed the disagreeable task of exposing the effects which ignorance and avarice have produced with respect to the Order of the Bath. After alluding to an extraordinary report, which we have heard from good authority, that the officers who have lately been nominated Companions have been told that their badges cannot be given to them until some of the present Companions die, as no more crosses are allowed to be made a statement almost incredible, and which we are sure need only be thus brought to the attention of government to be instantly inquired into-we turn with pleasure to the fact, that the office of Great Master of the Order has just been conferred upon his Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence, whose zeal and ability will, we are persuaded, be immediately directed to reform the Order; to remove its abuses; to render its statutes consistent with common sense; and to cause the objects for which its members have paid their money to be forthwith accomplished.

So convinced are we that the new Great Master will direct his energies to this subject, that we shall refrain from presuming to point out any mode of reforming the Order; because we are aware that, however eligible our suggestions might be deemed, the fact of their being thus publicly submitted would prevent their adoption. We shall, therefore, conclude with respectfully reminding his Royal Highness, that, as the "Rules and Regulations" mentioned in the Gazette of 1815 have not yet appeared, the means are afforded him of effecting whatever changes he may think it necessary to recommend to his Majesty ; and that, as his appointment of Great Master has, according to the original statutes, vested in him the nomination of all the officers of the Order, we confidently rely on his disinterestedness and impartiality, that he will be influenced in his selection of the persons to fill up whatever vacancies may occur, by no other consideration than a regard to the ability which the candidates may possess for the proper discharge of the duties belonging to the situation. If, however, it is not in the Great Master's power to remedy all the recent anomalies, yet he may stop the system of receiving fees without a prospect of the attainment of the objects for which they are paid; and we only entreat his Royal Highness not to be influenced by the persons whose conduct is complained of, to put confidence in their opinions, or to trust to their suggestions. We have proved their incompetency, even if they be acquitted of a

heavier charge; and it remains alone for his Royal Highness, whose fearless and indefatigable exertions with respect to every part of the duties of Lord High Admiral are a guarantee that, in his office of Great Master of the Order of the Bath, his Royal Highness will be equally vigilant, to restore it to the consideration to which it is entitled in this and all other countries.

TRAVELLING EXPENSES IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.

[Concluded from p. 276.]

Md. qd Phil's de Casto recepi de Dão die Ven'is p'x. añ Sci G'gorii Pape xxvis. viii d. unde lib'at' Dño x s. p' div'sis negosiis & lib't' diam Marcam ad unam Ceriaunt. in eccla Sce Paule. It'm Recepit de Dio xx s. viii d. die M'curii p'xa p's festu Sce G'gorii Pape.

Itm die Jovis p'x. añ festu Scē G'gorii Pape in exp'ns' in pane vii d. s'visia viii d. ob. vinu ii d. ob. coquina de stauro p't' in alio Rotulo. Eodem die ad ientakilu in Bredstret q'ndo D'ns Nicola de Bonevile et Phl's Colonuber2 & multi alii de domo D'ni Will'mi Martin fuerü ibi afeur de Marchaunt ixx d. ibidem in vino id. q. in datis et pomis ii d. in passagio versus Westmiist'ium et r'to ii d. ob. q. in candelis et vino ago 3 id. in feno ii d. in avenis vid. in focalibz ob. in uno lectu ad Joh'em Perot & Standdard id. in sotularibz Phl'i de Cast° vid.

Sm iiii s. xid. ob.

Memorandum, that Philip de Castro received of his Lord, on the Friday next before St. Gregory the Pope, 26s. 8d., of which he delivered to his lord 10s. for different affairs, and half a mark to a Serjeant in the church of St. Paul. Also received of the Lord 20s. 8d., on Wednesday next after the feast of St. Gregory the Pope.

Item, Thursday next before the feast of St. Gregory the Pope, in expenses. Bread 7d. Beer 8d. Wine 24d. The meat supplied from the store, particulars in another roll. On the same day, at breakfast, in Breadstrete, 4 when Sir Nicholas de Bonevile, and Philip Columbers, and many others of the household of Sir William Martin, were there, 19d. At the same place, Wine 14d. Dates and apples 2d. Going to Westminster and back 22d. Candles and vinegar 1d. Hay 2d. Oats 6d. Fuel d. A bed for John Perot and Standdard Id. Shoes for Philip de Castro 6d. Sum, 4s. 114d.

This fee to the Serjeant shows on what account such frequent visits were made to Westminster. We shall find that a second 6s. 8d. was given him.

2 The Columbers family were barons of the realm, Stowey in Somersetshire being the head of their barony. There were several of the name of Philip: but the notice of this Sir Philip Columbers being of the household of Sir William Martin, guides us to the latest of the name mentioned by Dugdale, who married a daughter of Sir William Martin. Dugdale's account of him is that he was aged 24 at the death of his father, 34 Edward I.; that, in 13 Edward III., he was associated with Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon, in guarding the coast of Hants; that he had summons to parliament from 8 Edward II. to 15 Edward III., and died in the 16 Edward III., leaving Stephen de Columbers, his brother and heir, then aged 40.

3 Vinum agasatum, Vinegar. Ducange.

It plainly appears from this article, what may be presumed from the frequent mention of Bread-street in these accompts, that the party were living there while in London. In the time of Stowe, it was famous for the number of inns: "Bred Streete is now wholly inhabited by rich marchants, and divers faire inns bee there, for good receipt of carriers and other travellers to the city." London, 4to. p. 348. It seems as if the inns had degenerated between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries.

It'm die Ven'is p'xa in expens' in pane id. ob. s'visia iiii d. ob. q. vinu id. q. in pissibz id. q. eodem die in expñs' Dñi in Bredstret in pane ii d. s'visia ob. q. vinu iii d. ob. q. stocfeys et Merleyng ii d. ob. in anguyllis et launprouns iiii d. in oyst's ob. in datis id. ob. in passagio de Westminist'io v's' Londoniam ii d. in vino Vernaie in Corunhulle iiii d. In ginger' counfeyt iii d. ob. in paup'bz id. in candelis ob. in feno p' iii. equorū vid. in avenis i. bo' et di vi d.

Sma iii s. x d. ob. q.

It'm die Sabati p'xa in expens' in pane vii d. ob. s'visia ix d. vinu vii d. ob. in alicie ii d. in stocfeys iii d. ob. in salmone vid. in welkeys ii d. in uno peyc vid. in ii. anguillis et laumprouns vii d. in Rocheys et menense iii d. in sause ob. in candelis ob. fenum de p' computat' in i. bous. et di avenarū p' iii. equorū vid. in le Jine ad lavandū capud Dõi i d. in focalibz i d. ob. in g euwel q.

Sma vs. iii d. q.

It'm die Dñica p'x" in vigilia Sce G'gorii Pape in expñs' in pane iiii d. s'visia vii d. ob. in Tourbod empt. iiii d. in ging'e counfit ii d. in vino Greco iiii d. eodem die apud Westminist'iu in vino ii d. ob. in paup'ibz ob. eod. die in Bredstret in ginger' counfeyt vid. in vino v d. in g'uwel et sale ob. in focalibz id. in datis et pomis ii d. in candelis ob. in feno v d. in avenis viii d. ii. bous. p' qinq; equorū

Sm iiii s. iiii d. ob.

It'm die Lune in festo Sci G'gorii Pape in expeñs in pane iii d. s'visia vid. ob. in stocfeys iii d. in aliciebz ob. in cong"o iiii d. in salmone iii d. in angguillis et lamprouns v d. in olio ob. in sauce q. in g'uwel q. in candelis ob. in focalibz ob. in feno iii d. in avenis ii. bous. viiid. p' qinq; equoru. in passagio v'sus Westminist'iu et r'to id. ob. q. in paup'ibz ob.

Sma iii s. iiii d. q.

Sm2 smar' p'criptar': xxi s. x d. o. q.

Item, Friday next, in expenses. Bread 14d. Beer 43d. Wine 14d. Fish 14d. On the same day, in expenses of my Lord in Bread-street. Bread 2d. Beer 4d. Wine 33d. Stockfish and merleyng 2nd. Eels and lamprouns 4d. Oysters d. Dates 14d. Fare from Westminster to London 2d. Wine of Vernai1 in Cornhill 4d. Ginger-comfeit 34d. To the poor 1d. Candles d. Hay for 3 horses 6d. A bushel and half of oats 6d.

Sum, 3s. 103d.

Item, on Saturday next, in expenses. Bread 74d. Beer 9d. Wine 74d. Herring 2d. Stockfish 34d. Salmon 6d. Whelks 2d. A pike 6d. 2 Eels and lamprouns 7d. Roaches and 3d. Vegetables d. Candles d. Hay reckoned before. A bushel and half of oats for 3 horses, 6d. to wash my Lord's head ld. Fuel 1d. Groats d. Sum, 5s. 34d.

Item, on Sunday next, in the vigil of St. Gregory the Pope, in expenses. Bread 4d. Beer 74d. A Turbot bought 4d. Ginger-comfeit 2d. Greek wine 4d. On the same day, at Westminster. Wine 24d. The poor d. On the same day, in Breadstreet. Ginger-comfeit 6d. Wine 5d. Groats and salt d. Fuel Id. Dates and apples 2d. Candles d. Hay 5d. Oats 8d., being 2 bushels for 5 horses.

'Skinner says it was a sweet wine, and supposed to be so called, quasi Veronaccia ab agro Veronensi in quo optimum ex hoc genere vinum crescit. See more respecting the word in Ducange.

2 Both rape-oil and olive-oil were used in ancient cookery, as appears by the provision bought for Archbishop Warham's dinner. Lel. Col. vi. 31.

It'm die Mart' in castino Sci G'gorii in expñs' in pane ii d. s'visia s'visia v d. ob. in aliciebz id. cũ pisse de stauro. It'm code die apud Westminst'iu qando Dis Nicolaus de Bonevile et multi alii de domo Comitis Penbochie1 fuerüt ibidē ad ientakilū in pane v d. vinū xiii d. ob. q. in stocfeys ii d. in salmone x d. in angguillis et laump's vid. in welkeys id. eodem die in Bredstret. in pane ob. in vino ii d. ob. in dat' id. It'm in vino in Loumbardis stret ii d. ob. In paup'ibz ob. in ii. speculis id. in feno p' iiii. equorù iiii d. In ii. bous. avenaru viii d. in candelis ob.

Sma v s. vid. ob. q.

2

It'm die M'curii p'xa in expñs' in pane iii d. s'visia iii d. vinū ii d. ob. In stocfeys ii d. in aliciebz iid. in plays i d. in congo iii d. in welkeys ii d. eodem die apud Westminist'iū in ging'e counfeyt id. In vino id. q. Ha vue Seriaunt vis. viii d.3 in feno v d. ob. p' iiij. equorū in ii. bous. avenarū viiid. in vino in Bredstret ii d. ob. qñdo Dñs Joh'es de Hattue fuit ibi. in candelis ob.

Sma ix s. ix d. q.

It'm die Jovis p'xa in expñs' in pane viii d. s'visia vid. ob. et unus lagenus vini de exennio Rectori de Egliscouin in aliciebz ii d. stocfeys de stauro. It'm in Ray empt. id. ob. in salmone et cong"o et wekeys vid. eodem die Vriddeys stret in ginger' counfeyt et sucre en plate iiii d. in vino ibidem iii d. ob. q. in candelis ob. in focalibz i d. in feno iii d. q. in ii. bous. avenaru viii d. In sigillo Phl'i de Casto xii d. de dono Dni. in uno conife empt. Dño id. in uno bouydekeyn empt. ob. Sma iiii s. x d.

Item, Tuesday, the morrow of St. Gregory the Pope, in expenses. Bread 2d. Beer 54d. Herrings Id., with fish from store. Also, the same day, at Westminster, when Sir Nicholas de Bonvile, and many others of the household of the Earl of Pembroke, were there to breakfast. Bread 5d. Wine 133d. Stockfish 2d. Salmon, 10d. Eels and lamprouns 6d. Whelks 1d. On the same day, in Bread-street. Bread d. Wine 24d. Dates 1d. Also wine in Lombard-street, 24d. To the poor d. 2 Glasses 1d. Hay for 4 horses 4d. 2 Bushels of oats 8d. Candles &d. Sum, 5s. 64d.

Item, on Thursday next, in expenses. Bread 8d. Beer 6. A gallon of wine of the gift of the rector of Egliscovin. Herrings 2d. Stockfish from the store. Ray 4 bought 14d. Salmon and conger and whelks 6d. On the same day, in Friday-street, in ginger-comfets, and sugar in plate 4d. Wine there 34d. Candles id. Fuel 1d. Hay 34d. 2 Bushels of oats 8d. A seal for Philip de Castro, of the gift of his Lord 12d. A knife bought for his Lord 1d. A bodkin bought d.

Sum, 4s. 10d.

William de Valence, half-brother to King Henry III., created Earl of Pembroke 1247, died 1296; as may be inferred from the time of the death of Sir Nicholas de Bonvile, which is shown by Dugdale to have been in 23 Edward I., 1295. See Baronage, ii. 236.

2 This word is not in Ducange in any sense which will suit the passage, except perhaps his third sense, Speculum Puerorum, a book so called. It is more probable, however, that it is here used for glasses or mirrors, though the price is very small.

3 A second fee to the serjeant mentioned before.

4 There is a species of cloth called Ray, but here it seems to denote a kind of fish. Reyes occur in the third course at the dinner of Archbishop Nevil, and are placed between peacock and rabbits. Two hundred of them were provided. See Godwin, p. 65. who adds, "quid sit non conjicio."

At the feasts of our ancestors one dish in each course was the Standard. At the dinner given on occasion of the marriage of Roger Rockley and Elizabeth Nevile, 17 Henry VIII., the standard in the first course was a roe roasted, and in the second, two cranes. Sometimes the standard was only an ornament. In the curious accounts