10 ༡༠ བཅུ་ ༩w, or བཅུ་ཐམ་པ་ êu-tam-pa 11 ༡༡ བཅུ་གཅིག་ cu-cig 12 ༡༢ བཅུ་གཉིས་ ê-ií, vulg: enag-iཝཾ(s) 13 ༡༣ བཅུ་གསུམ་ êu-sdúmm, vulg: cug-8ám 16 ༡༤ བཅུ་དྲུག་ êw-lig, C: -dbúg 17 ༡༧ བཅུ་བདུན་ ew-dián, C: -dim, vulg: êub-d° 18 ༡、 བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ o-9vád, C: -gy@', vulg: cob-g° 19 ༡༤ བཅུ་དགུ་ ༩༦-J& 20 ༢༠ ཉི་ཤུ nt-8u 21 ༢༡ ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ i-lu-ta-tify, or ཉེར་གཅིག་ལ་ 30 ༣༠ སུམ་ཅུ་ sim-cau 31 ༣༡ སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ suu-cu-8a-cig, སོ་གཅིག་ s0-༠i༡ 40 ༤༠ བཞི་བཅུ་ Łཝཾ-cu, vulg: 2ib-êu 41 ༤༡ བཞི་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ ži-eu-8a-crg, ཞེ་གཅིག་ Łe-cig 50 ༥༠ ལྔ་བཅུ་ ia-cu, vulg: iab-cu ༡ 60 ༄༅ 70 2° ལྔ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ i@-པེt-sa-cig, ང་གཅིག་ ia-cig དྲུག་ཅུ་ dug-cu, C: dhug-cu 71 ?༡ བདུན་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་dauu-ct-sa-cig, དོན་གཅིག་%; 80 ༨༠ བརྒྱད་ཅུ་ 9dd-ew, C: 99@-cu 81 90 ༨༡ བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་yyad-cau-8a-cig, གྱ་གཅིག་9དགུ་བཅུ་ yú-cu, vulg: gúb-cu 91 c༡ དགུ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་ yu-ctu-sa-cig, གོ་གཅིག་ go ctg 100 ∞ (¶") gya (fám-pa) 101 or gya (C: go-cg) བརྒྱ་རྩ་གཅིག་ ༡༡༥,da (or ༡༠༡ བརྒྱ་དང་གཅིག་ 200 ༢༠༠ ཉི་བརྒྱ་ i-gya, vulg: iib-gy@ 30༠ ༣༠༠ སུམ་བརྒྱ་ su99@ sa) rig 100 000 ༡༠༤༠༠༠ འབུམ་te 1000 000 ༡༠༠ ས་ཨ་ 80-J0 10 000 000 20 000 000 བྱེ་བ་ .je-aea There are, as in Sanscrit, names for many more powers of 10, but they are seldom used. 19. Ordinals. W: dan-po, C: d°,the first, the rest are simply formed by adding to the cardinals, as: གཉིས་པ་, the second etc.; the 21. is ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་པ་ ,the twenty oneth', not, as in English,,the twenty first'. 20. Remarks. 1. The smaller number postponed indicates, as is seen in § 18, addition, the reverse multiplication: བཅུ་གསུམ་ 13, སུམ་ཅུ་ 30; but in the latter case the three first numerals are changed to ཆིག་, ཉི་, སུམ་; and, as the second part of a compound after conso nants, is spelled g. 2. The words up to one hundred), (after full tens (after hundreds and thousands*)), *) ཕྲག་ is used especially if the number counting the hundreds, (with still greater numbers), are optional but frequent additions. is common instead of 55°‚and', to connect units with tens (s. § 18), but it occurs also with hundreds and thousands, and not seldom together with 55, e.g. སྟོང་ དང་རྩ་གཉིས་, 1002. It is used also instead of ཤྲམ་པ་, as: twenty; often it is standing alone for བཅུ་རྩ་ ten, ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ twenty; often it is ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་, as: རྩ་གཉིས་, twenty two. This latter custom may have caused the belief, common even among educated readers in C and WT, that must mean twenty, even when connecting a hundred or thousand to a unit, as they will usually understand the above mentioned number in the sense of 1022 instead of 1002; but the authority of printed books, wherever the exact number can be verified from other circumstances, does not confirm this, which would indeed be a sadly ambiguous phraseology. 3. added to གཉིས་ཀ་, a cardinal number means conjunction: T, the two together, both;, the three together, all three etc. means either the same, or represents the definite article, indicating that the number has been already mentioned, e.g. མི་ལྔ་ ་ བཏང་ངོ་། །མི་ལྔ་པོ་བསླེབ་སྟེ་', five men were sent... The five men arriving etc. 4. is used, besides. forming Ordinals, to express the notion of,containingʻ, e. g. ཡི་ , that containing six letters, viz. the famous formula: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པ་དྨེ་ཧཱྃ་ ome maeà padmoe baum; སུམ་ཅུ་པ་, , that containing thirty (letters)', the Tibetan alphabet. 5. Such combinations as གཉིས་གསུམ་ གཉིས་གསུམ་ ete. are frequently used in common life, so denote a number approximately, ,two or three or so' (cf. § 14 Note). 21. Distributive numerals. They are expressed by repe tition as in Hind: 5 each time six, six for each etc. In composed numerals only the last member is repeated, thus སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་གཉིས་ each time thirty two. 22. Adverbial numerals. 1. Firstly, secondly etc. are formed from the ordinals as every Adverb is from an Adjective, viz. by adding the letter, agaros etc. (s. § 41). 2. Multiplicative adverbs, ‚once',,twice' etc., are expressed by putting times before the cardinal: ལན་གཅིག་, ལན་གཉིས་, W: law-cig, law-ti(s), C: law-ebig, län-ñi,once, twice' etc.; seldom ཚེར་, ཚར་, ཐེངས་ with the same meaning as 25. 23. Fractional numerals are formed by adding part: བརྒྱའི་ཆ་ ,a hundredth thus, a hundredth part etc., but also: 455 གསུམ་ཆ་ཞིག་ ,one third of the treasury'. Jäschke, Tibetan Grammar. 3 |